ProfessorSalmanRawaf

Black RJ, Cross M, Haile LM, Culbreth GT, Steinmetz JD, Hagins H, Kopec JA, Brooks PM, Woolf AD, Ong KL, Kopansky-Giles DR, Dreinhoefer KE, Betteridge N, Aali A, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abdurehman AM, Abedi A, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Zaid A, Adamu K, Addo IY, Adesina MA, Adnani QES, Afzal MS, Ahmed A, Aithala JP, Akhlaghdoust M, Alemayehu A, Alvand S, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amu H, Antony B, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Arulappan J, Ashraf T, Athari SS, Azadnajafabad S, Badawi A, Baghcheghi N, Baig AA, Balta AB, Banach M, Banik PC, Barrow A, Bashiri A, Bearne LM, Bekele A, Bensenor IM, Berhie AY, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj P, Bhat AN, Bhojaraja VS, Bitaraf S, Bodicha BBA, Botelho JS, Briggs AM, Buchbinder R, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Charalampous P, Chattu VK, Coberly K, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, de Luca K, Dessalegn FN, Dessie G, Dhimal M, Digesa LE, Diress M, Doku PN, Edinur HA, Ekholuenetale M, Elhadi M, El-Sherbiny YM, Etaee F, Ezzeddini R, Faghani S, Filip I, Fischer F, Fukumoto T, Ganesan B, Gebremichael MA, Gerema U, Getachew ME, Ghashghaee A, Gill TK, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Halwani R, Hannan MA, Haque S, Harlianto NI, Harorani M, Hasaballah AI, Hassen MB, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Hezam K, Hill CL, Hiraike Y, Horita N, Hoveidaei AH, Hsiao AK, Hsieh E, Hussain S, Iavicoli I, Ilic IM, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Iwagami M, Jakovljevic M, Jani CT, Jeganathan J, Joseph N, Kadashetti V, Kandel H, Kanko TK, Karaye IM, Khajuria H, Khan MJ, Khan MAB, Khanali J, Khatatbeh MM, Khubchandani J, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kolahi A-A, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kuddus M, Kumar N, Kuttikkattu A, Larijani B, Lim SS, Lo J, Machado VS, Mahajan PB, Majeed A, Malakan Rad E, Malik AA, Mansournia MA, Mathews E, Mendes JJ, Mentis A-FA, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Mirghaderi SP, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mohamadkhani A, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Moniruzzaman M, Montasir AA, Mulu GB, Murillo-Zamora E, Murray CJL, Mustafa G, Naghavi Met al., 2023, Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, The Lancet Rheumatology, Vol: 5, Pages: e594-e610, ISSN: 2665-9913

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with disability and premature death. Up-to-date estimates of the burden of rheumatoid arthritis are required for health-care planning, resource allocation, and prevention. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we provide updated estimates of the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and its associated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age, sex, year, and location, with forecasted prevalence to 2050.Methods:Rheumatoid arthritis prevalence was estimated in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 using Bayesian meta-regression models and data from population-based studies and medical claims data (98 prevalence and 25 incidence studies). Mortality was estimated from vital registration data with the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm). Years of life lost (YLL) were calculated with use of standard GBD lifetables, and years lived with disability (YLDs) were estimated from prevalence, a meta-analysed distribution of rheumatoid arthritis severity, and disability weights. DALYs were calculated by summing YLLs and YLDs. Smoking was the only risk factor analysed. Rheumatoid arthritis prevalence was forecast to 2050 by logistic regression with Socio-Demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying by projected population estimates.Findings:In 2020, an estimated 17·6 million (95% uncertainty interval 15·8–20·3) people had rheumatoid arthritis worldwide. The age-standardised global prevalence rate was 208·8 cases (186·8–241·1) per 100 000 population, representing a 14·1% (12·7–15·4) increase since 1990. Prevalence was higher in females (age-standardised female-to-male prevalence ratio 2·45 [2·40–2·47]). The age-standardised death rate was 0·47 (0·41–0·54) per 100 000 population (38 300

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Wu D, Jin Y, Xing Y, Abate MD, Abbasian M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abd-Allah F, Abdelmasseh M, Abdollahifar M-A, Abdulah DM, Abedi A, Abedi V, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abuabara K, Abyadeh M, Addo IY, Adeniji KN, Adepoju AV, Adesina MA, Sakilah Adnani QE, Afarideh M, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Agrawal A, Aguilera Arriagada CE, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ahmadi A, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Aithala JP, Ajadi AA, Ajami M, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Alahdab F, AlBataineh MT, Alemi S, Saeed Al-Gheethi AA, Ali L, Alif SM, Almazan JU, Almustanyir S, Alqahtani JS, Alqasmi I, Khan Altaf IU, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Al-Worafi YM, Aly H, Amani R, Amu H, Amusa GA, Andrei CL, Ansar A, Ansariniya H, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Arefnezhad R, Arulappan J, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashraf T, Atata JA, Athari SS, Atlaw D, Wahbi Atout MM, Aujayeb A, Awan AT, Ayatollahi H, Azadnajafabad S, Azzam AY, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Bagherieh S, Baig AA, Bantie BB, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Barker-Collo SL, Barone-Adesi F, Batra K, Bayileyegn NS, Behnoush AH, Belgaumi UI, Bemanalizadeh M, Bensenor IM, Beyene KA, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhat AN, Bitaraf S, Bitra VR, Boloor A, Bora K, Botelho JS, Buchbinder R, Calina D, Cámera LA, Carvalho AF, Kai Chan JS, Chattu VK, Abebe EC, Chichagi F, Choi S, Chou T-C, Chu D-T, Coberly K, Costa VM, Couto RAS, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, Damiani G, Dascalu AM, Dashti M, Debela SA, Dellavalle RP, Demetriades AK, Demlash AA, Deng X, Desai HD, Desai R, Rahman Dewan SM, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Diaz D, Dibas M, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Diress M, Do TC, Doan DK, Dodangeh M, Dodangeh M, Dongarwar D, Dube J, Dziedzic AM, Ed-Dra A, Edinur HA, Eissazade N, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, Elemam NM, Elhadi M, Elmehrath AO, Abdou Elmeligy OA, Emamverdi M, Emeto TI, Esayas HL, Eshetu HB, Etaee F, Fagbamigbe AF, Faghani S, Fakhradiyev IR, Fatehizadeh A, Fathi M, Feizkhah A, Fekadu G, Fereidouni M, Fereshtehnejad S-M, Fernandes JC, Ferrara P, Fetensa Get al., 2023, Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019, eClinicalMedicine, Vol: 64, ISSN: 2589-5370

BackgroundThe causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019.MethodsWe collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends.FindingsIn 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR.InterpretationThe incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate

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GBD 2019 Peripheral Artery Disease Collaborators, 2023, Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019., Lancet Glob Health, Vol: 11, Pages: e1553-e1565

BACKGROUND: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures. METHODS: Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed. FINDINGS: In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99·2-128·4), with a global prevalence of 1·52% (95% UI 1·33-1·72), of which 42·6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14·91% [12·41-17·87] in those aged 80-84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69·4% (64·2-74·3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles. INTERPRETATION: The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the

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da Cunha AR, Compton K, Xu R, Mishra R, Drangsholt MT, Antunes JLF, Kerr AR, Acheson AR, Lu D, Wallace LE, Kocarnik JM, Fu W, Dean FE, Pennini A, Henrikson HJ, Alam T, Ababneh E, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdoun M, Abidi H, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Adane TD, Addo IY, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Ahmed Rashid T, Akonde M, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Al-Maweri SA, Alsharif U, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anwar SL, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Aruleba RT, Asaad M, Ashraf T, Athari SS, Attia S, Azadnajafabad S, Azangou-Khyavy M, Badar M, Baghcheghi N, Banach M, Bardhan M, Barqawi HJ, Bashir NZ, Bashiri A, Benzian H, Bernabe E, Bhagat DS, Bhojaraja VS, Bjorge T, Bouaoud S, Braithwaite D, Briko NI, Calina D, Carreras G, Chakraborty PA, Chattu VK, Chaurasia A, Chen MX, Cho WCS, Chu D-T, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Darwesh AM, Debela SA, Derbew Molla M, Dessalegn FN, Dianati-Nasab M, Digesa LE, Dixit SG, Dixit A, Djalalinia S, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Enyew DB, Erku DA, Ezzeddini R, Fagbamigbe AF, Falzone L, Fetensa G, Fukumoto T, Gaewkhiew P, Gallus S, Gebrehiwot M, Ghashghaee A, Gill PS, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gomez RS, Gorini G, Guimaraes ALS, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halboub ES, Halwani R, Hanif A, Hariyani N, Harorani M, Hasani H, Hassan AM, Hassanipour S, Hassen MB, Hay SI, Hayat K, Herrera-Serna BY, Holla R, Horita N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hussain S, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Isola G, Jaiswal A, Jani CT, Javaheri T, Jayarajah U, Jayaram S, Joseph N, Kadashetti V, Kandaswamy E, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Kauppila JH, Kaur H, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khanali J, Khatib MN, Khayat Kashani HR, Khazeei Tabari MA, Kim MS, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Kumar GA, Kurmi OP, La Vecchia C, Lal DK, Landires I, Lasrado S, Ledda C, Lee YH, Libra M, Lim SS, Listl S, Lopukhov PD, Mafi AR, Mahumud RA, Malik AA, Mathur MR, Maulud SQ, Meena JK, Mehrabi Nasaet al., 2023, The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, JAMA ONCOLOGY, ISSN: 2374-2437

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Gardner WM, Razo C, McHugh TA, Hagins H, Vilchis-Tella VM, Hennessy C, Taylor HJ, Perumal N, Fuller K, Cercy KM, Zoeckler LZ, Chen CS, Lim SS, Aali A, Abate KH, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdurehman AM, Abebe G, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Aboye GB, Abtew YD, Accrombessi MMK, Adane DE, Adane TD, Addo IY, Adesina MA, Adeyinka DA, Adnani QES, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Agustina R, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Ahmadi S, Ahmed A, Rashid TA, Aiman W, Ajami M, Akbarialiabad H, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam N, Alemayehu A, Alhassan RK, Ali MA, Almustanyir S, Al-Raddadi RM, Al-Rifai RH, Altirkawi KA, Alvand S, Alvis-Guzman N, Amer YSAD, Ameyaw EK, Amu H, Anagaw TF, Ancuceanu R, Anoushirvani AA, Antwi MH, Anvari D, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Arja A, Arndt MB, Arulappan J, Aruleba RT, Ashraf T, Asresie MB, Athari SS, Atlaw D, Aujayeb A, Awoke AA, Awoke MA, Azadnajafabad S, Azangou-Khyavy M, Darshan BB, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Baig AA, Banach M, Banik PC, Bantie AT, Barr RD, Barrow A, Bashiri A, Basu S, Batiha A-MM, Begum T, Belete MA, Belo L, Bensenor IM, Berhie AY, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhat AN, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Billah SM, Birara S, Bishai JD, Bitaraf S, Boloor A, Botelho JS, Burkart K, Calina D, Cembranel F, Chakraborty PA, Chanie GS, Chattu VK, Chien J-H, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dagnew GW, Dai X, Danawi HA, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh AM, Das JK, Das S, De la Cruz-Gongora V, Demisse FW, Demissie S, Demsie DG, Desai HD, Desalegn M, Dessalegn FN, Dessie G, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Dhingra S, Diaz D, Didehdar M, Dirac MA, Diress M, Doaei S, Dodangeh M, Doku PN, Dongarwar D, Dora BT, Dsouza HL, Edinur HA, Ekholuenetale M, Elagali AEM, Elbahnasawy MA, Elbarazi I, ElGohary GMT, Elhadi M, El-Huneidi W, Elmonem MA, Enyew DB, Eshetu HB, Ewald SB, Ezzeddini R, Fagbamigbe AF, Fasanmi AO, Fatehizadeh A, Fekadu G, Feyisa BR, Fischer F, Fitzgerald R, Foroutan M, Fowobaje KR, Gadanya MA, Gaiet al., 2023, Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, The Lancet Haematology, Vol: 10, Pages: e713-e734, ISSN: 2352-3026

BackgroundAnaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories.MethodsWe estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.FindingsIn 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23·9–24·7), corresponding to 1·92 billion (1·89–1·95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28·2% (27·8–28·5) and 1·50 billion (1·48–1·52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52·0 million (35·1–75·1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422·4 [95% UI 286·1–612·9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89·0 [58·2–123·7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36·3 [24·4–52·8]), collectively accounting for

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