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@article{Micah:2021:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01258-7,
author = {Micah, AE and Cogswell, IE and Cunningham, B and Ezoe, S and Harle, AC and Maddison, ER and McCracken, D and Nomura, S and Simpson, KE and Stutzman, HN and Tsakalos, G and Wallace, LE and Zhao, Y and Zende, RR and Abbafati, C and Abdelmasseh, M and Abedi, A and Abegaz, KH and Abhilash, ES and Abolhassani, H and Abrigo, MRM and Adhikari, TB and Afzal, S and Ahinkorah, BO and Ahmadi, S and Ahmed, H and Ahmed, MB and Ahmed, Rashid T and Ajami, M and Aji, B and Akalu, Y and Akunna, CJ and Al, Hamad H and Alam, K and Alanezi, FM and Alanzi, TM and Alemayehu, Y and Alhassan, RK and Alinia, C and Aljunid, SM and Almustanyir, SA and Alvis-Guzman, N and Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ and Amini, S and Amini-Rarani, M and Amu, H and Ancuceanu, R and Andrei, CL and Andrei, T and Angell, B and Anjomshoa, M and Antonio, CAT and Antony, CM and Aqeel, M and Arabloo, J and Arab-Zozani, M and Aripov, T and Arrigo, A and Ashraf, T and Atnafu, DD and Ausloos, M and Avila-Burgos, L and Awan, AT and Ayano, G and Ayanore,},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01258-7},
journal = {The Lancet},
pages = {1317--1343},
title = {Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2050},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01258-7},
volume = {398},
year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - BackgroundThe rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020.MethodsWe estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050.FindingsIn 2019, health spending globally reached $8·8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8·7–8·8) or $1132 (1119–1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geogra
AU  - Micah,AE
AU  - Cogswell,IE
AU  - Cunningham,B
AU  - Ezoe,S
AU  - Harle,AC
AU  - Maddison,ER
AU  - McCracken,D
AU  - Nomura,S
AU  - Simpson,KE
AU  - Stutzman,HN
AU  - Tsakalos,G
AU  - Wallace,LE
AU  - Zhao,Y
AU  - Zende,RR
AU  - Abbafati,C
AU  - Abdelmasseh,M
AU  - Abedi,A
AU  - Abegaz,KH
AU  - Abhilash,ES
AU  - Abolhassani,H
AU  - Abrigo,MRM
AU  - Adhikari,TB
AU  - Afzal,S
AU  - Ahinkorah,BO
AU  - Ahmadi,S
AU  - Ahmed,H
AU  - Ahmed,MB
AU  - Ahmed,Rashid T
AU  - Ajami,M
AU  - Aji,B
AU  - Akalu,Y
AU  - Akunna,CJ
AU  - Al,Hamad H
AU  - Alam,K
AU  - Alanezi,FM
AU  - Alanzi,TM
AU  - Alemayehu,Y
AU  - Alhassan,RK
AU  - Alinia,C
AU  - Aljunid,SM
AU  - Almustanyir,SA
AU  - Alvis-Guzman,N
AU  - Alvis-Zakzuk,NJ
AU  - Amini,S
AU  - Amini-Rarani,M
AU  - Amu,H
AU  - Ancuceanu,R
AU  - Andrei,CL
AU  - Andrei,T
AU  - Angell,B
AU  - Anjomshoa,M
AU  - Antonio,CAT
AU  - Antony,CM
AU  - Aqeel,M
AU  - Arabloo,J
AU  - Arab-Zozani,M
AU  - Aripov,T
AU  - Arrigo,A
AU  - Ashraf,T
AU  - Atnafu,DD
AU  - Ausloos,M
AU  - Avila-Burgos,L
AU  - Awan,AT
AU  - Ayano,G
AU  - Ayanore,MA
AU  - Azari,S
AU  - Azhar,GS
AU  - Babalola,TK
AU  - Bahrami,MA
AU  - Baig,AA
AU  - Banach,M
AU  - Barati,N
AU  - Bärnighausen,TW
AU  - Barrow,A
AU  - Basu,S
AU  - Baune,BT
AU  - Bayati,M
AU  - Benzian,H
AU  - Berman,AE
AU  - Bhagavathula,AS
AU  - Bhardwaj,N
AU  - Bhardwaj,P
AU  - Bhaskar,S
AU  - Bibi,S
AU  - Bijani,A
AU  - Bodolica,V
AU  - Bragazzi,NL
AU  - Braithwaite,D
AU  - Breitborde,NJK
AU  - Breusov,AV
AU  - Briko,NI
AU  - Busse,R
AU  - Cahuana-Hurtado,L
AU  - Callander,EJ
AU  - Cámera,LA
AU  - Castañeda-Orjuela,CA
AU  - Catalá-López,F
AU  - Charan,J
AU  - Chatterjee,S
AU  - Chattu,SK
AU  - Chattu,VK
AU  - Chen,S
AU  - Cicero,AFG
AU  - Dadras,O
AU  - Dahlawi,SMA
AU  - Dai,X
AU  - Dalal,K
AU  - Dandona,L
AU  - Dandona,R
AU  - Davitoiu,DV
AU  - De,Neve J-W
AU  - de,Sá-Junior AR
AU  - Denova-Gutiérrez,E
AU  - Dhamnetiya,D
AU  - Dharmaratne,SD
AU  - Doshmangir,L
AU  - Dube,J
AU  - Ehsani-Chimeh,E
AU  - El,Sayed Zaki M
AU  - El,Tantawi M
AU  - Eskandarieh,S
AU  - Farzadfar,F
AU  - Ferede,TY
AU  - Fischer,F
AU  - Foigt,NA
AU  - Freitas,A
AU  - Friedman,SD
AU  - Fukumoto,T
AU  - Fullman,N
AU  - Gaal,PA
AU  - Gad,MM
AU  - Garcia-Gordillo,MA
AU  - Garg,T
AU  - Ghafourifard,M
AU  - Ghashghaee,A
AU  - Gholamian,A
AU  - Gholamrezanezhad,A
AU  - Ghozali,G
AU  - Gilani,SA
AU  - Glvan,I-R
AU  - Glushkova,EV
AU  - Goharinezhad,S
AU  - Golechha,M
AU  - Goli,S
AU  - Guha,A
AU  - Gupta,VB
AU  - Gupta,VK
AU  - Haakenstad,A
AU  - Haider,MR
AU  - Hailu,A
AU  - Hamidi,S
AU  - Hanif,A
AU  - Harapan,H
AU  - Hartono,RK
AU  - Hasaballah,AI
AU  - Hassan,S
AU  - Hassanein,MH
AU  - Hayat,K
AU  - Hegazy,MI
AU  - Heidari,G
AU  - Hendrie,D
AU  - Heredia-Pi,I
AU  - Herteliu,C
AU  - Hezam,K
AU  - Holla,R
AU  - Hossain,SJ
AU  - Hosseinzadeh,M
AU  - Hostiuc,S
AU  - Huda,T
DO  - 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01258-7
EP  - 1343
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 0140-6736
SP  - 1317
TI  - Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2050
T2  - The Lancet
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01258-7
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673621012587?via%3Dihub
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/91816
VL  - 398
ER  -

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