Imperial College London
Alternate

ProfessorSalmanRawaf

Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health

Director of WHO Collaborating Centre
 
 
 
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Contact

 

+44 (0)20 7594 8814s.rawaf

 
 
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Assistant

 

Ms Ela Augustyniak +44 (0)20 7594 8603

 
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Location

 

311Reynolds BuildingCharing Cross Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Citation

BibTex format

@article{GBD:2022:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00449-7,
author = {GBD, 2019 Tuberculosis Collaborators},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00449-7},
journal = {Lancet Infectious Diseases},
pages = {222--241},
title = {Global, regional, and national sex differences in the global burden of tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00449-7},
volume = {22},
year = {2022}
}
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RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, causing more than a million deaths annually. Given an emphasis on equity in access to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in global health targets, evaluations of differences in tuberculosis burden by sex are crucial. We aimed to assess the levels and trends of the global burden of tuberculosis, with an emphasis on investigating differences in sex by HIV status for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: We used a Bayesian hierarchical Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) platform to analyse 21 505 site-years of vital registration data, 705 site-years of verbal autopsy data, 825 site-years of sample-based vital registration data, and 680 site-years of mortality surveillance data to estimate mortality due to tuberculosis among HIV-negative individuals. We used a population attributable fraction approach to estimate mortality related to HIV and tuberculosis coinfection. A compartmental meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR 2.1) was then used to synthesise all available data sources, including prevalence surveys, annual case notifications, population-based tuberculin surveys, and tuberculosis cause-specific mortality, to produce estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality that were internally consistent. We further estimated the fraction of tuberculosis mortality that is attributable to independent effects of risk factors, including smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes, for HIV-negative individuals. For individuals with HIV and tuberculosis coinfection, we assessed mortality attributable to HIV risk factors including unsafe sex, intimate partner violence (only estimated among females), and injection drug use. We present 95% uncertainty intervals for all estimates. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, among HIV-negative individuals, there were 1·18 million (95% uncertainty interval 1·08-1·29) deaths due to tuberculosis and 8·50 million (7&midd
AU  - GBD,2019 Tuberculosis Collaborators
DO  - 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00449-7
EP  - 241
PY  - 2022///
SN  - 1473-3099
SP  - 222
TI  - Global, regional, and national sex differences in the global burden of tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
T2  - Lancet Infectious Diseases
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00449-7
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34563275
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/94636
VL  - 22
ER  -
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