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@article{Haakenstad:2022:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00532-3,
author = {Haakenstad, A and Irvine, CMS and Knight, M and Bintz, C and Aravkin, AY and Zheng, P and Gupta, V and Abrigo, MRM and Abushouk, A and Adebayo, OM and Agarwal, G and Alahdab, F and Al-Aly, Z and Alam, K and Alanzi, TM and Alcalde-Rabanal, JE and Alipour, V and Alvis-Guzman, N and Amit, AML and Liliana, Andrei C and Andrei, T and Antonio, CAT and Arabloo, J and Aremu, O and Ayanore, MA and Banach, M and Barnighausen, TW and Barthelemy, CM and Bayati, M and Benzian, H and Berman, AE and Bienhoff, K and Bijani, A and Bikbov, B and Biondi, A and Boloor, A and Busse, R and Butt, ZA and Camera, LA and Campos-Nonato, IR and Cardenas, R and Carvalho, F and Chansa, C and Chattu, SK and Chattu, VK and Chu, D-T and Dai, X and Dandona, L and Dandona, R and Dangel, WJ and Daryani, A and De, Neve J-W and Dhimal, M and Dipeolu, IO and Djalalinia, S and Hoa, TD and Doshi, CP and Doshmangir, L and Ehsani-Chimeh, E and El, Tantawi M and Fernandes, E and Fischer, F and Foigt, NA and Fomenkov, AA and Foro},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00532-3},
journal = {LANCET},
pages = {2129--2154},
title = {Measuring the availability of human resources for health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00532-3},
volume = {399},
year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - BackgroundHuman resources for health (HRH) include a range of occupations that aim to promote or improve human health. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the WHO Health Workforce 2030 strategy have drawn attention to the importance of HRH for achieving policy priorities such as universal health coverage (UHC). Although previous research has found substantial global disparities in HRH, the absence of comparable cross-national estimates of existing workforces has hindered efforts to quantify workforce requirements to meet health system goals. We aimed to use comparable and standardised data sources to estimate HRH densities globally, and to examine the relationship between a subset of HRH cadres and UHC effective coverage performance.MethodsThrough the International Labour Organization and Global Health Data Exchange databases, we identified 1404 country-years of data from labour force surveys and 69 country-years of census data, with detailed microdata on health-related employment. From the WHO National Health Workforce Accounts, we identified 2950 country-years of data. We mapped data from all occupational coding systems to the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 (ISCO-88), allowing for standardised estimation of densities for 16 categories of health workers across the full time series. Using data from 1990 to 2019 for 196 of 204 countries and territories, covering seven Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) super-regions and 21 regions, we applied spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) to model HRH densities from 1990 to 2019 for all countries and territories. We used stochastic frontier meta-regression to model the relationship between the UHC effective coverage index and densities for the four categories of health workers enumerated in SDG indicator 3.c.1 pertaining to HRH: physicians, nurses and midwives, dentistry personnel, and pharmaceutical personnel. We identified minimum workforce
AU  - Haakenstad,A
AU  - Irvine,CMS
AU  - Knight,M
AU  - Bintz,C
AU  - Aravkin,AY
AU  - Zheng,P
AU  - Gupta,V
AU  - Abrigo,MRM
AU  - Abushouk,A
AU  - Adebayo,OM
AU  - Agarwal,G
AU  - Alahdab,F
AU  - Al-Aly,Z
AU  - Alam,K
AU  - Alanzi,TM
AU  - Alcalde-Rabanal,JE
AU  - Alipour,V
AU  - Alvis-Guzman,N
AU  - Amit,AML
AU  - Liliana,Andrei C
AU  - Andrei,T
AU  - Antonio,CAT
AU  - Arabloo,J
AU  - Aremu,O
AU  - Ayanore,MA
AU  - Banach,M
AU  - Barnighausen,TW
AU  - Barthelemy,CM
AU  - Bayati,M
AU  - Benzian,H
AU  - Berman,AE
AU  - Bienhoff,K
AU  - Bijani,A
AU  - Bikbov,B
AU  - Biondi,A
AU  - Boloor,A
AU  - Busse,R
AU  - Butt,ZA
AU  - Camera,LA
AU  - Campos-Nonato,IR
AU  - Cardenas,R
AU  - Carvalho,F
AU  - Chansa,C
AU  - Chattu,SK
AU  - Chattu,VK
AU  - Chu,D-T
AU  - Dai,X
AU  - Dandona,L
AU  - Dandona,R
AU  - Dangel,WJ
AU  - Daryani,A
AU  - De,Neve J-W
AU  - Dhimal,M
AU  - Dipeolu,IO
AU  - Djalalinia,S
AU  - Hoa,TD
AU  - Doshi,CP
AU  - Doshmangir,L
AU  - Ehsani-Chimeh,E
AU  - El,Tantawi M
AU  - Fernandes,E
AU  - Fischer,F
AU  - Foigt,NA
AU  - Fomenkov,AA
AU  - Foroutan,M
AU  - Fukumoto,T
AU  - Fullman,N
AU  - Gad,MM
AU  - Ghadiri,K
AU  - Ghafourifard,M
AU  - Ghashghaee,A
AU  - Glucksman,T
AU  - Goudarzi,H
AU  - Das,Gupta R
AU  - Hamadeh,RR
AU  - Hamidi,S
AU  - Haro,JM
AU  - Hasanpoor,E
AU  - Hay,S
AU  - Hegazy,M
AU  - Heibati,B
AU  - Henry,NJ
AU  - Hole,MK
AU  - Hossain,N
AU  - Househ,M
AU  - Ilesanmi,OS
AU  - Imani-Nasab,M-H
AU  - Irvani,SSN
AU  - Islam,SMS
AU  - Jahani,MA
AU  - Joshi,A
AU  - Kalhor,R
AU  - Kayode,GA
AU  - Khalid,N
AU  - Khatab,K
AU  - Kisa,A
AU  - Kochhar,S
AU  - Krishan,K
AU  - Defo,BK
AU  - Lal,DK
AU  - Lami,FH
AU  - Larsson,AO
AU  - Leasher,JL
AU  - LeGrand,KE
AU  - Lim,L-L
AU  - Mahotra,NB
AU  - Majeed,A
AU  - Maleki,A
AU  - Manjunatha,N
AU  - Massenburg,BB
AU  - Mestrovic,T
AU  - Mini,GK
AU  - Mirica,A
AU  - Mirrakhimov,EM
AU  - Mohammad,Y
AU  - Mohammed,S
AU  - Mokdad,AH
AU  - Morrison,SD
AU  - Naghavi,M
AU  - Ndwandwe,DE
AU  - Negoi,I
AU  - Negoi,RI
AU  - Ngunjiri,JW
AU  - Cuong,TN
AU  - Nigatu,YT
AU  - Onwujekwe,OE
AU  - Ortega-Altamirano,D
AU  - Otstavnov,N
AU  - Otstavnov,SS
AU  - Owolabi,MO
AU  - Pakhare,AP
AU  - Filipino,Pepito VC
AU  - Perico,N
AU  - Pham,HQ
AU  - Pigott,DM
AU  - Pokhrel,KN
AU  - Rabiee,M
AU  - Rabiee,N
AU  - Rahimi-Movaghar,V
AU  - Rawaf,DL
AU  - Rawaf,S
AU  - Rawal,L
AU  - Remuzzi,G
AU  - Renzaho,AMN
AU  - Resnikoff,S
AU  - Rezaei,N
AU  - Rezapour,A
AU  - Rickard,J
AU  - Roever,L
AU  - Sahu,M
AU  - Samy,AM
AU  - Sanabria,J
AU  - Santric-Milicevic,MM
AU  - Saraswathy,SYI
AU  - Seedat,S
AU  - Senthilkumaran,S
AU  - Servan-Mori,E
AU  - Shaikh,MA
AU  - Sheikh,A
AU  - Silva,DAS
AU  - Stein,C
AU  - Stein,DJ
AU  - Titova,MV
AU  - Topp,SM
AU  - Tovani-Palone,MR
AU  - Ullah,S
AU  - Unnikrishnan,B
AU  - Vacante,M
AU  - Valdez,PR
AU  - Vasankari,TJ
AU  - Venketasubramanian,N
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00532-3
EP  - 2154
PY  - 2022///
SN  - 0140-6736
SP  - 2129
TI  - Measuring the availability of human resources for health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
T2  - LANCET
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00532-3
UR  - https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000833588800025&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=a2bf6146997ec60c407a63945d4e92bb
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673622005323?via%3Dihub
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/102108
VL  - 399
ER  -

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