Publications
283 results found
Pollok R, Chhaya V, Saxena S, 2015, Letter: Early use of immunomodulators and surgery in Crohn's disease, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol: 43, Pages: 313-313, ISSN: 0269-2813
Laverty AA, Magee L, Monteiro CA, et al., 2015, Sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity changes: a national longitudinal study, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: S49-S49, ISSN: 0140-6736
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- Citations: 1
Laverty AA, Magee L, Monteiro CA, et al., 2015, Sugar and artificially sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity changes: National longitudinal study, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol: 12, ISSN: 1479-5868
BackgroundIn response to increasing policy action and public concern about the negative health effects of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), there is increased promotion of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs). These have been linked with obesity and diabetes in recent experimental work. This study examined associations between SSB and ASB consumption and changes in adiposity in a nationally representative sample of UK children.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study of 13,170 children aged 7–11 years in the UK Millennium Cohort Study, collected in 2008 and 2012. Logistic regression was used to assess socio-demographic and behavioural correlates of weekly SSB and ASB consumption at 11 years. Linear regression examined associations between SSB/ASB consumption and changes in adiposity measures between 7 and 11 years.ResultsBoys were more likely to consume SSBs weekly (62.3 % v 59.1 %) than girls at age 11 years. South Asian children were more likely to consume SSBs weekly (78.8 % v 58.4 %) but less likely to consume ASBsweekly (51.7 % v 66.3 %) than White children. Daily SSB consumption was associated with increases in percentage body fat between ages 7 and 11 (+0.57 %, 95 % confidence intervals 0.30;0.83). Daily ASB consumption was associated with increased percentage body fat at age 11 (+1.18 kg/m 2 , 0.81;1.54) and greater increases between ages 7 and 11 (+0.35 kg/m 2 , 0.09;0.61).ConclusionConsumption of SSBs and ASBs was associated with BMI and percentage body fat increases in UK children. Obesity prevention strategies which encourage the substitution of SSBs with ASBs may not yield the adiposity benefits originally intended and this area should be a focus for further research.
Park MH, Skow Á, De Matteis S, et al., 2015, Adiposity and carotid-intima media thickness in children and adolescents: a systematic review., BMC Pediatrics, Vol: 15, ISSN: 1471-2431
BACKGROUND: Adiposity in childhood is associated with later cardiovascular disease (CVD), but it is unclear whether this relationship is independent of other risk factors experienced in later life, such as smoking and hypertension. Carotid-intima media thickness (cIMT) is a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis that may be used to assess CVD risk in young people. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between adiposity and cIMT in children and adolescents. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, Global Health, and CINAHL Plus electronic databases (1980-2014). Population-based observational studies that reported a measure of association between objectively-measured adiposity and cIMT in childhood were included in this review. RESULTS: Twenty-two cross-sectional studies were included (n = 7,366 children and adolescents). Thirteen of nineteen studies conducted in adolescent populations (mean age ≥12 years, n = 5,986) reported positive associations between cIMT and adiposity measures (correlation coefficients 0.13 to 0.59). Three studies of pre-adolescent populations (n = 1,380) reported mixed evidence, two studies finding no evidence of a correlation, and one an inverse relationship between skinfolds and cIMT. Included studies did not report an adiposity threshold for subclinical atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Based on studies conducted mostly in Western Europe and the US, adiposity does not appear to be associated with cIMT in pre-adolescents, but may be associated in adolescents. If further studies confirm these findings, a focus on cardiovascular disease prevention efforts in pre-adolescence, before arterial changes have emerged, may be justified.
Saxena S, Atchison C, Cecil E, et al., 2015, Additive impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumonia and empyema hospital admissions in England, JOURNAL OF INFECTION, Vol: 71, Pages: 428-436, ISSN: 0163-4453
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- Citations: 35
Chhaya V, Pollok RCG, Cecil E, et al., 2015, Impact of early thiopurines on surgery in 2770 children and young people diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease: a national population-based study, ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Vol: 42, Pages: 990-999, ISSN: 0269-2813
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- Citations: 28
Lau WCY, Murray M, El-Turki A, et al., 2015, Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood otitis media in the United Kingdom, Vaccine, Vol: 33, Pages: 5072-5079, ISSN: 0264-410X
BackgroundStudies have demonstrated a reduction for otitis media (OM) following the introduction of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), but this has not been evaluated in the United Kingdom (UK). Moreover, there are limited data on any additional impact of PCV13 introduction in 2010.MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study to investigate the trends in OM incidence and associated antibiotic prescriptions in children aged <10 year-olds during 2002–2012 using a national primary care database. Three time-periods were defined to estimate monthly incidence: pre-PCV7 (January 2002–August 2006), post-PCV7 (September 2007–March 2010), and post-PCV13 (April 2011–December 2012).ResultsOverall annual OM incidence declined by 51.3% from 135.8 episodes/1000 person-years in 2002 to 66.1 episodes/1000 person-years in 2012; antibiotic prescription rates for OM declined by 72.9% from 57.9 prescriptions/1000 person-years to 15.7 prescriptions/1000 person-years, respectively. PCV7 introduction was associated with significant decline in OM rates across all age-groups (21.8%; 95% CI, 20.2–23.4), including <2 year-olds (19.8%; 95% CI, 16.0–23.5%); 2–4 year-olds (23.0%; 95% CI, 20.4–25.4%) and 5–9 year-olds (20.2%; 95% CI, 17.6–22.7%). There was an additional significant reduction in OM (18.5%; 95% CI, 16.7–20.2%) and associated antibiotic prescribing (12.2%; 95% CI, 8.6–15.6%) after the introduction of PCV13 across all age-groups.ConclusionThe introduction of PCV7 was associated with a 22% significant reductions in OM in children aged <10 year-olds with an additional 19% reductions after PCV13 introduction. These declines are equivalent to 592,000 and 15,700 fewer consultations and OM-related hospitalizations, respectively, in England and Wales every year. Although the continuing decline in OM rates in our study suggests that further reduction may continue to occur, it is important to
Cecil E, Bottle A, Sharland M, et al., 2015, Impact of UK primary care policy reforms on short-stay unplanned hospital admissions for children with primary care-sensitive conditions (vol 13, pg 214, 2015), ANNALS OF FAMILY MEDICINE, Vol: 13, Pages: 311-311, ISSN: 1544-1709
Chhaya V, Saxena S, Cecil E, et al., 2015, PTH-085 The use of 5-asa in inflammatory bowel disease: national population based study, 2nd Digestive-Disorders-Federation Conference, Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Pages: A444-A444, ISSN: 0017-5749
Chhaya V, Saxena S, Cecil E, et al., 2015, PTH-086 Surgery for perianal crohn’s disease: uk national population based cohort study, 2nd Digestive-Disorders-Federation Conference, Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Pages: A444-A445, ISSN: 0017-5749
Cecil E, Bottle A, Sharland M, et al., 2015, Impact of UK primary care policy reforms on short-stay unplanned hospital admissions for children with primary care-sensitive conditions, Annals of Family Medicine, Vol: 13, Pages: 214-220, ISSN: 1544-1709
PURPOSE:We aimed to assess the impact of UK primary care policy reforms implemented in April 2004 on potentially avoidable unplanned short-stay hospital admissions for children with primary care-sensitive conditions.METHODS:We conducted an interrupted time series analysis of hospital admissions for all children aged younger than 15 years in England between April 2000 and March 2012 using data from National Health Service public hospitals in England. The main outcomes were annual short-stay (<2-day) unplanned hospital admission rates for primary care-sensitive infectious and chronic conditions.RESULTS:There were 7.8 million unplanned admissions over the study period. More than one-half (4,144,729 of 7,831,633) were short-stay admissions for potentially avoidable infectious and chronic conditions. The primary care policy reforms of April 2004 were associated with an 8% increase in short-stay admission rates for chronic conditions, equivalent to 8,500 additional admissions, above the 3% annual increasing trend. Policy reforms were not associated with an increase in short-stay admission rates for infectious illness, which were increasing by 5% annually before April 2004. The proportion of primary care-referred admissions was falling before the reforms, and there were further sharp reductions in 2004.CONCLUSIONS:The introduction of primary care policy reforms coincided with an increase in short-stay admission rates for children with primary care-sensitive chronic conditions, and with more children being admitted through emergency departments. Short-stay admission rates for primary care-sensitive infectious illness increased more steadily and could be related to lowered thresholds for hospital admission.
Chhaya V, Saxena S, Cecil E, et al., 2015, Steroid Dependency in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: National Population Based Study, 46th Annual Digestive Disease Week (DDW), Publisher: W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, Pages: S830-S830, ISSN: 0016-5085
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- Citations: 1
Black JA, Park M, Gregson J, et al., 2015, Child obesity cut-offs as derived from parental perceptions: cross-sectional questionnaire, BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE, Vol: 65, Pages: E234-E239, ISSN: 0960-1643
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- Citations: 29
Koshy E, Watt H, Curcin V, et al., 2015, Tonsillectomy among children with low baseline acute throat infection consultation rates in UK general practices: a cohort study, BMJ Open, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2044-6055
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness oftonsillectomy in reducing acute throat infection (ATI)consultation rates over 6 years’ follow-up amongchildren with low baseline ATI consultation rates.Design: Retrospective cohort study.Setting: UK general practices from the ClinicalPractice Research Datalink.Participants: Children aged 4–15 years with ≤3 ATIconsultations during the 3 years prior to 2001(baseline). 450 children who underwent tonsillectomy(tonsillectomy group) and 13 442 other children withan ATI consultation (comparison group) in 2001.Main outcome measures: Mean differences in ATIconsultation rates over the first 3 years’ andsubsequent 3 years’ follow-up compared with 3 yearsprior to 2001 (baseline); odds of ≥3 ATI consultationsat the same time points.Results: Among children in the tonsillectomy group,the 3-year mean ATI consultation rate decreased from1.31 to 0.66 over the first 3 years’ follow-up andfurther declined to 0.60 over the subsequent 3 years’follow-up period. Compared with children who had nooperation, those who underwent tonsillectomyexperienced a reduction in 3-year mean ATIconsultations per child of 2.5 (95% CI 2.3 to 2.6,p<0.001) over the first 3 years’ follow-up, but only 1.2(95% CI 1.0 to 1.4, p<0.001) over the subsequent3 years’ follow-up compared with baseline,respectively. This equates to a mean reduction of 3.7ATI consultations over a 6-year period andapproximates to a mean annual reduction of 0.6 ATIconsultations per child, per year, over 6 years’ followup.Children who underwent tonsillectomy were alsomuch less likely to experience ≥3 ATI consultationsduring the first 3 years’ follow-up (adjusted OR=0.12,95% CI 0.08 to 0.17) and the subsequent 3 years’follow-up (adjusted OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.41).Conclusions: Among children with low baseline ATIrates, there was a statistically significant reduction inATI consultation rates over 6 years’ foll
Syrad H, Falconer C, Cooke L, et al., 2015, 'Health and happiness is more important than weight': a qualitative investigation of the views of parents receiving written feedback on their child's weight as part of the National Child Measurement Programme, JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS, Vol: 28, Pages: 47-55, ISSN: 0952-3871
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- Citations: 29
Chhaya V, Saxena S, Cecil E, et al., 2015, Impact of Timing and Duration of Thiopurine Treatment on First Perianal Surgery in Crohn's Disease: UK Population-based Study (1995-2009), INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Vol: 21, Pages: 385-391, ISSN: 1078-0998
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- Citations: 12
Chhaya V, Pollok R, Cecil E, et al., 2015, Early thiopurine use is associated with a reduced risk of surgery in children and young people with Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis, JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS, Vol: 9, Pages: S52-S53, ISSN: 1873-9946
Chhaya V, Saxena S, Cecil E, et al., 2015, Prolonged and repeated steroid exposure in inflammatory bowel disease: National population based study, JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS, Vol: 9, Pages: S269-S269, ISSN: 1873-9946
Mbeledogu CNA, Cecil EV, Millett C, et al., 2015, Hospital admissions for unintentional poisoning in preschool children in England; 2000-2011, ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD, Vol: 100, Pages: 180-182, ISSN: 0003-9888
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- Citations: 11
Chhaya V, Saxena S, Cecil E, et al., 2015, The impact of timing and duration of thiopurine treatment on colectomy in ulcerative colitis: a national population-based study of incident cases between 1989-2009, ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Vol: 41, Pages: 87-98, ISSN: 0269-2813
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- Citations: 34
Cecil E, Bottle A, Saxena S, 2014, Deprivation and unplanned hospital admissions in children: A trends study 2000 to 2012 in England, Society for Academic Primary Care Regional Conference
Chatu S, Subramanian V, Saxena S, et al., 2014, Level of Evidence Supporting the Use of Thiopurine in Crohn's Disease Response, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, Vol: 109, Pages: 1497-1498, ISSN: 0002-9270
Koshy E, Bottle A, Murray J, et al., 2014, Changing Indications and Socio-Demographic Determinants of (Adeno) Tonsillectomy among Children in England - Are They Linked? A Retrospective Analysis of Hospital Data, PLoS ONE, Vol: 9, ISSN: 1932-6203
Objective: To assess whether increased awareness and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) andnational guidance on tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis have influenced the socio-demographic profile of children whounderwent tonsillectomy over the last decade.Method: Retrospective time-trends study of Hospital Episodes Statistics data. We examined the age, sex and deprivationlevel, alongside OSAS diagnoses, among children aged ,16 years who underwent (adeno)tonsillectomy in Englandbetween 2001/2 and 2011/12.Results: Among children aged ,16 years, there were 29,697 and 27,732 (adeno)tonsillectomies performed in 2001/2 and2011/12, respectively. The median age at (adeno)tonsillectomy decreased from 7 (IQR: 5–11) to 5 (IQR: 4–9) years over thedecade. (Adeno)tonsillectomy rates among children aged 4–15 years decreased by 14% from 350 (95%CI: 346–354) in 2001/2 to 300 (95%CI: 296–303) per 100,000 children in 2011/12. However, (adeno)tonsillectomy rates among children aged ,4years increased by 58% from 135 (95%CI: 131–140) to 213 (95%CI 208–219) per 100,000 children in 2001/2 and 2011/2,respectively. OSAS diagnoses among children aged ,4 years who underwent surgery increased from 18% to 39% betweenthese study years and the proportion of children aged ,4 years with OSAS from the most deprived areas increased from 5%to 12%, respectively.Conclusions: (Adeno)tonsillectomy rates declined among children aged 4–15 years, which reflects national guidelinesrecommending the restriction of the operation to children with more severe recurrent throat infections. However,(adeno)tonsillectomy rates among pre-school children substantially increased over the past decade and one in five childrenundergoing the operation was aged ,4 years in 2011/12.The increase in surgery rates in younger children is likely to havebeen driven by increased awareness and detection of OSAS, particularly among children from the most deprived areas
Hardelid P, Dattani N, Gilbert R, 2014, Estimating the prevalence of chronic conditions in children who die in England, Scotland and Wales: a data linkage cohort study, BMJ OPEN, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2044-6055
Objectives To estimate the proportion of children who die with chronic conditions and examine time trends in childhood deaths involving chronic conditions.Design Retrospective population-based death cohort study using linked death certificates and hospital discharge records.Setting England, Scotland and Wales.Participants All resident children who died aged 1–18 years between 2001 and 2010.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was the proportion of children who died with chronic conditions according to age group and type of chronic condition. The secondary outcome was trends over time in mortality rates involving chronic conditions per 100 000 children and trends in the proportion of children who died with chronic conditions.Results 65.4% of 23 438 children (95% CI 64.8%, 66.0%) died with chronic conditions, using information from death certificates. This increased to 70.7% (95% CI 70.1% to 71.3%) if hospital records up to 1 year before death were also included and was highest (74.8–79.9% depending on age group) among children aged less than 15 years. Using data from death certificates only led to underascertainment of all types of chronic conditions apart from cancer/blood conditions. Neurological/sensory conditions were most common (present in 38.5%). The rate of children dying with a chronic condition has declined since 2001, whereas the proportion of deaths affected by chronic conditions remained stable.Conclusions The majority of children who died had a chronic condition. Neurological/sensory conditions were the most prevalent. Linkage between death certificate and hospital discharge data avoids some of the under-recording of non-cancer conditions on death certificates, and provides a low-cost, population-based method for monitoring chronic conditions in children who die.
Falconer CL, Park MH, Croker H, et al., 2014, The benefits and harms of providing parents with weight feedback as part of the national child measurement programme: a prospective cohort study, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol: 14
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- Citations: 46
Chhaya V, Saxena S, Cecil E, et al., 2014, HAVE PERIANAL SURGERY RATES DECREASED WITH THE RISE IN THIOPURINE USE IN CROHN'S DISEASE?, GUT, Vol: 63, Pages: A176-A176, ISSN: 0017-5749
Chhaya V, Saxena S, Cecil E, et al., 2014, PREDICTORS OF COLECTOMY AND THE IMPACT OF THIOPURINES ON THE RISK OF COLECTOMY IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS - A NATIONAL UK BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY, GUT, Vol: 63, Pages: A176-A177, ISSN: 0017-5749
Park MH, Falconer CL, Croker H, et al., 2014, Predictors of health-related behaviour change in parents children in England, PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, Vol: 62, Pages: 20-24, ISSN: 0091-7435
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- Citations: 23
Murray J, Saxena S, Sharland M, 2014, Preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus disease: passive, active immunisation and new antivirals, ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD, Vol: 99, Pages: 469-473, ISSN: 0003-9888
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- Citations: 30
Arrowsmith ME, Majeed A, Lee JT, et al., 2014, Impact of Pay for Performance on Prescribing of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception in Primary Care: An Interrupted Time Series Study, PLOS ONE, Vol: 9, ISSN: 1932-6203
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- Citations: 30
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