Publications
282 results found
Hoilijoki S, Pucci F, Ergun RE, et al., 2021, Origin of Electron-Scale Magnetic Fluctuations Close to an Electron Diffusion Region, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 126, ISSN: 2169-9380
Turner DL, Wilson LB, Goodrich KA, et al., 2021, Direct multipoint observations capturing the reformation of a supercritical fast magnetosonic shock, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol: 911, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 2041-8205
Using multipoint Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations in an unusual string-of-pearls configuration, we examine in detail observations of the reformation of a fast magnetosonic shock observed on the upstream edge of a foreshock transient structure upstream of Earth's bow shock. The four MMS spacecraft were separated by several hundred kilometers, comparable to suprathermal ion gyroradius scales or several ion inertial lengths. At least half of the shock reformation cycle was observed, with a new shock ramp rising up out of the "foot" region of the original shock ramp. Using the multipoint observations, we convert the observed time-series data into distance along the shock normal in the shock's rest frame. That conversion allows for a unique study of the relative spatial scales of the shock's various features, including the shock's growth rate, and how they evolve during the reformation cycle. Analysis indicates that the growth rate increases during reformation, electron-scale physics play an important role in the shock reformation, and energy conversion processes also undergo the same cyclical periodicity as reformation. Strong, thin electron-kinetic-scale current sheets and large-amplitude electrostatic and electromagnetic waves are reported. Results highlight the critical cross-scale coupling between electron-kinetic- and ion-kinetic-scale processes and details of the nature of nonstationarity, shock-front reformation at collisionless, fast magnetosonic shocks.
Horaites K, Andersson L, Schwartz SJ, et al., 2021, Observations of Energized Electrons in the Martian Magnetosheath, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 126, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 4
Schwartz SJ, Ergun RE, Harald K, et al., 2021, Evaluating the de Hoffmann-Teller cross-shock potential at real collisionless shocks
Xu S, Schwartz SJ, Mitchell DL, et al., 2021, Cross-Shock Electrostatic Potentials at Mars Inferred From MAVEN Measurements, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 126, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 5
Schwartz SJ, Kucharek H, Farrugia CJ, et al., 2021, Energy Conversion Within Current Sheets in the Earth's Quasi-Parallel Magnetosheath, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 48, ISSN: 0094-8276
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- Citations: 8
Madanian H, Desai M, Schwartz SJ, et al., 2021, The Dynamics of a High Mach Number Quasi-perpendicular Shock: MMS Observations, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 908, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 19
Chandler MO, Schwartz SJ, Avanov LA, et al., 2021, Observations of Mirror Mode Structures in the Dawn-Side Magnetosphere, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 126, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 2
Schwartz SJ, Kucharek H, Farrugia CJ, et al., 2020, Energy Conversion within Current Sheets in the Earth's Quasi-parallel Magnetosheath
Horbury TS, OBrien H, Carrasco Blazquez I, et al., 2020, The Solar Orbiter magnetometer, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol: 642, Pages: A9-A9, ISSN: 0004-6361
The magnetometer instrument on the Solar Orbiter mission is designed to measure the magnetic field local to the spacecraft continuously for the entire mission duration. The need to characterise not only the background magnetic field but also its variations on scales from far above to well below the proton gyroscale result in challenging requirements on stability, precision, and noise, as well as magnetic and operational limitations on both the spacecraft and other instruments. The challenging vibration and thermal environment has led to significant development of the mechanical sensor design. The overall instrument design, performance, data products, and operational strategy are described.
Ergun RE, Ahmadi N, Kromyda L, et al., 2020, Observations of Particle Acceleration in Magnetic Reconnection-driven Turbulence, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 898, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 27
Ergun RE, Ahmadi N, Kromyda L, et al., 2020, Particle Acceleration in Strong Turbulence in the Earth's Magnetotail, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 898, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 22
Wilder FD, Schwartz SJ, Ergun RE, et al., 2020, Parallel Electrostatic Waves Associated With Turbulent Plasma Mixing in the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 47, ISSN: 0094-8276
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- Citations: 5
Starkey M, Fuselier SA, Desai MI, et al., 2020, MMS Observations of Accelerated Interstellar Pickup He<SUP>+</SUP>Ions at an Interplanetary Shock, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 897, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 2
Madanian H, Schwartz SJ, Halekas JS, et al., 2020, Nonstationary Quasiperpendicular Shock and Ion Reflection at Mars, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 47, ISSN: 0094-8276
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- Citations: 6
Madanian H, Schwartz SJ, Halekas JS, et al., 2020, Nonstationary Quasi-perpendicular Shock and Ion Reflection at Mars
Wilson LB, Chen L-J, Wang S, et al., 2020, Electron Energy Partition across Interplanetary Shocks. III. Analysis, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 893, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 22
Gingell I, Schwartz SJ, Eastwood JP, et al., 2020, Statistics of reconnecting current sheets in the transition region of earth's bow shock, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol: 125, Pages: 1-14, ISSN: 2169-9380
We have conducted a comprehensive survey of burst mode observations of Earth's bow shock by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission to identify and characterize current sheets associated with collisionless shocks, with a focus on those containing fast electron outflows, a likely signature of magnetic reconnection. The survey demonstrates that these thin current sheets are observed within the transition region of approximately 40% of shocks within the burst mode data set of Magnetospheric Multiscale. With only small apparent bias toward quasi‐parallel shock orientations and high Alfvén Mach numbers, the results suggest that reconnection at shocks is a universal process, occurring across all shock orientations and Mach numbers. On examining the distributions of current sheet properties, we find no correlation between distance from the shock, sheet width, or electron jet speed, though the relationship between electron and ion jet speed supports expectations of electron‐only reconnection in the region. Furthermore, we find that robust heating statistics are not separable from background fluctuations, and thus, the primary consequence of reconnection at shocks is in relaxing the topology of the disordered magnetic field in the transition region.
Pucci F, Velli M, Shi C, et al., 2020, Onset of fast magnetic reconnection and particle energization in laboratory and space plasmas, Journal of Plasma Physics, ISSN: 0022-3778
The onset of magnetic reconnection in space, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas is reviewed discussing results from theory, numerical simulations and observations. After a brief introduction on magnetic reconnection and approach to the question of onset, we first discuss recent theoretical models and numerical simulations, followed by observations of reconnection and its effects in space and astrophysical plasmas from satellites and ground-based detectors, as well as measurements of reconnection in laboratory plasma experiments. Mechanisms allowing reconnection spanning from collisional resistivity to kinetic effects as well as partial ionization are described, providing a description valid over a wide range of plasma parameters, and therefore applicable in principle to many different astrophysical and laboratory environments. Finally, we summarize the implications of reconnection onset physics for plasma dynamics throughout the Universe and illustrate how capturing the dynamics correctly is important to understanding particle acceleration. The goal of this review is to give a view on the present status of this topic and future interesting investigations, offering a unified approach.
Hoilijoki S, Ergun RE, Schwartz SJ, et al., 2019, Electron-Scale Magnetic Structure Observed Adjacent to an Electron Diffusion Region at the Dayside Magnetopause, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 124, Pages: 10153-10169, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 4
Ergun RE, Hoilijoki S, Ahmadi N, et al., 2019, Magnetic Reconnection in Three Dimensions: Observations of Electromagnetic Drift Waves in the Adjacent Current Sheet, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 124, Pages: 10104-10118, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 4
Ergun RE, Hoilijoki S, Ahmadi N, et al., 2019, Magnetic Reconnection in Three Dimensions: Modeling and Analysis of Electromagnetic Drift Waves in the Adjacent Current Sheet, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 124, Pages: 10085-10103, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 16
Wilson LB, Chen L-J, Wang S, et al., 2019, Electron Energy Partition across Interplanetary Shocks. II. Statistics, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 245, ISSN: 0067-0049
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- Citations: 35
Schwartz SJ, Andersson L, Xu S, et al., 2019, Collisionless Electron Dynamics in the Magnetosheath of Mars, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 46, Pages: 11679-11688, ISSN: 0094-8276
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- Citations: 10
Starkey MJ, Fuselier SA, Desai M, et al., 2019, Acceleration of Interstellar Pickup He<SUP>+</SUP> at Earth's Perpendicular Bow Shock, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 46, Pages: 10735-10743, ISSN: 0094-8276
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- Citations: 6
Fowler CM, Halekas J, Schwartz S, et al., 2019, The Modulation of Solar Wind Hydrogen Deposition in the Martian Atmosphere by Foreshock Phenomena, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 124, Pages: 7086-7097, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 9
Shuster JR, Gershman DJ, Chen L-J, et al., 2019, MMS Measurements of the Vlasov Equation: Probing the Electron Pressure Divergence Within Thin Current Sheets, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 46, Pages: 7862-7872, ISSN: 0094-8276
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- Citations: 16
Wilson LB, Chen L-J, Wang S, et al., 2019, Electron Energy Partition across Interplanetary Shocks. I. Methodology and Data Product, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 243, ISSN: 0067-0049
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- Citations: 43
Cohen IJ, Schwartz SJ, Goodrich KA, et al., 2019, High-Resolution Measurements of the Cross-Shock potential, Ion Reflection, and Electron Heating at an Interplanetary Shock by MMS, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 124, Pages: 3961-3978, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 37
Goodrich KA, Ergun R, Schwartz SJ, et al., 2019, Impulsively Reflected Ions: A Plausible Mechanism for Ion Acoustic Wave Growth in Collisionless Shocks, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 124, Pages: 1855-1865, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 15
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