Publications
651 results found
Wozniak MA, Iparraguirre LML, Dirks M, et al., 2015, Apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 deficiency and cognitive function in hepatitis C virus-infected patients, Journal of Viral Hepatitis, Vol: 23, Pages: 39-46, ISSN: 1365-2893
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes not only liver damage in certain patients but can also lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Previous studies have shown that the type 4 allele of the gene for apolipoprotein E (APOE) is strongly protective against HCV-induced damage in liver. In this study, we have investigated the possibility that APOE genotype is involved in the action of HCV in brain. One hundred HCV-infected patients with mild liver disease underwent a neurological examination and a comprehensive psychometric testing of attention and memory function. In addition, patients completed questionnaires for the assessment of fatigue, health-related quality of life and mood disturbances. Apolipoprotein E gene genotyping was carried out on saliva using buccal swabs. The APOE-ε4 allele frequency was significantly lower in patients with an impairment of working memory, compared to those with a normal working memory test result (P = 0.003). A lower APOE-ε4 allele frequency was also observed in patients with definitely altered attention ability (P = 0.008), but here, the P-value missed the level of significance after application of the Bonferroni correction. Our data suggest that the APOE-ε4 allele is protective against attention deficit and especially against poor working memory in HCV-infected subjects with mild liver disease. Considering the role of apolipoprotein E in the life cycle of the virus, the findings shed interesting new light upon possible pathomechanisms behind the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms in hepatitis C infection.
Grover VP, Crossey MM, Fitzpatrick JA, et al., 2015, Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study., Metabolic Brain Disease, Vol: 31, Pages: 1315-1325, ISSN: 1573-7365
Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was undertaken, at 3 Tesla field strength, employing magnetization transfer (MT) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences, in 26 patients with well-compensated cirrhosis, free of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Results were compared to those from 18 aged-matched healthy volunteers. Cerebral magnetization transfer ratios (MTR) were reduced in the frontal white matter, caudate, putamen and globus pallidus in patients with cirrhosis, compared to healthy controls, while the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) on DWI were significantly increased in the genu and body of the corpus callosum. An association between previous excessive alcohol consumption and both MTR and ADCs was noted, but this association was lost when controls were exercised for the severity of liver disease and psychometric impairment on multivariate analysis. Eight (31 %) of the 26 patients had impaired psychometric performance consistent with a diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy. No statistically significant difference in regional cerebral MTRs or ADCs was found in relation to neuropsychiatric status, although there was a trend towards lower MTRs in patients with impaired psychometric performance. The alterations in MTR and ADC in the patients with functionally compensated cirrhosis are compatible with theories governing the genesis of hepatic encephalopathy, including changes in astrocyte membrane permeability, with subsequent redistribution of macromolecules.
Holmes E, Wijeyesekera A, Taylor-Robinson SD, et al., 2015, The promise of metabolic phenotyping in gastroenterology and hepatology, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Vol: 12, Pages: 458-471, ISSN: 1759-5053
Disease risk and treatment response are determined, at the individual level, by a complex historyof genetic and environmental interactions, including those with our endogenous microbiomes. Personalizedhealth care requires a deep understanding of patient biology that can now be measured using a range of‘‑omics’ technologies. Patient stratification involves the identification of genetic and/or phenotypic diseasesubclasses that require different therapeutic strategies. Stratified medicine approaches to disease diagnosis,prognosis and therapeutic response monitoring herald a new dimension in patient care. Here, we explore thepotential value of metabolic profiling as applied to unmet clinical needs in gastroenterology and hepatology.We describe potential applications in a number of diseases, with emphasis on large-scale population studiesas well as metabolic profiling on the individual level, using spectrometric and imaging technologies that willleverage the discovery of mechanistic information and deliver novel health care solutions to improve clinicalpathway management.
Cox IJ, Podrini C, Markwick LJ, et al., 2015, Urinary 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy profiling in hepatoecellular carninoma in a Bangladeshi cohort corroborates a urinary metabolic fingerprint for liver cancer, 2nd Digestive-Disorders-Federation Conference, Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Pages: A257-A257, ISSN: 1468-3288
Howell J, Ladep NG, Nayagam S, et al., 2015, PROLIFICA: A story of West African clinical and research collaborations to target hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma in West Africa, QJM-an International Journal of Medicine, Vol: 109, Pages: 373-375, ISSN: 1460-2725
Chetwood JD, Ladep NG, Taylor-Robinson SD, 2015, Research partnerships between high and low-income countries: are international partnerships always a good thing?, BMC Medical Ethics, Vol: 16, ISSN: 1472-6939
BACKGROUND: International partnerships in research are receiving ever greater attention, given that technology has diminished the restriction of geographical barriers with the effects of globalisation becoming more evident, and populations increasingly more mobile. DISCUSSION: In this article, we examine the merits and risks of such collaboration even when strict universal ethical guidelines are maintained. There has been widespread examples of outcomes beneficial and detrimental for both high and low -income countries which are often initially unintended. The authors feel that extreme care and forethought should be exercised by all involved parties, despite the fact that many implications from such international work can be extremely hard to predict. However ultimately the benefits gained by enhancing medical research and philanthropy are too extensive to be ignored.
Sheridan DA, Romero MG, Bridge S, et al., 2015, LIPIDOMICS ANALYSIS OF FASTING SERUM IDENTIFIES NOVEL LIPID BIOMARKERS SPECIFIC FOR HCV GENOTYPE 3 AND GENOTYPE 1 CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION, 50th International Liver Congress of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: S596-S596, ISSN: 0168-8278
Knapp S, Howell J, Sherwani Y, et al., 2015, CIRCULATING FREE TUMOUR DNA CONCENTRATION IS A MORE USEFUL DIAGNOSTIC MARKER THAN TP53 MUTATION DETECTION IN HBV-RELATED HCC IN WEST AFRICAN PATIENTS, 50th International Liver Congress of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: S444-S444, ISSN: 0168-8278
Ashby J, Foster C, Garvey L, et al., 2015, Cerebral function in perinatally HIV-infected young adults and their HIV-uninfected sibling controls, HIV CLINICAL TRIALS, Vol: 16, Pages: 81-87, ISSN: 1528-4336
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- Citations: 4
Bridge SH, Sheridan DA, Felmlee DJ, et al., 2015, PCSK9, apolipoprotein E and lipoviral particles in chronic hepatitis C genotype 3: Evidence for genotype-specific regulation of lipoprotein metabolism, JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY, Vol: 62, Pages: 763-770, ISSN: 0168-8278
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- Citations: 31
Kimhofer T, Fye H, Taylor-Robinson S, et al., 2015, Proteomic and metabonomic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review, British Journal of Cancer, Vol: 112, Pages: 1141-1156, ISSN: 1532-1827
Oleribe OO, Nwanwanyu O, 2015, Foreign aid or foreign investments: call for a paradigm shift in mentality and nomenclature, Pan African Medical Journal, Vol: 20, ISSN: 1937-8688
Funding for health care programs has over the years been an important challenge for health and health care services. However with the advent offinancing, part of this problem was resolved. Through these investments, lives were saved, many destinies recovered and some obsolete systemsreengineered. Major proofs of these expenditures are number of people reached and sometimes number of sites opened/supported, which inseveral cases, are not entirely verifiable. Sustainable development from these funds is limited, and far and in between. This is despite the fact thatsupports for health care and health care services have been ongoing for more than 60 years. As long as these funds are seen as aids todeveloping countries, they will continue to fail to achieve their primary objectives. But looking at these as investments in supported countries willsignificantly improve the outcome, health system impacts, as well as engineer sustainable health system strengthening and improvement. Such are-branding will reduce the politics of support, improve effectiveness and efficiency in the use of the resources, and empower receiving nationstowards better health systems.
Winston A, Puls R, Kerr SJ, et al., 2015, Differences in the direction of change of cerebral function parameters are evident over three years in HIV-infected individuals electively commencing initial cART, PLOS One, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1932-6203
Shimakawa Y, Takao Y, Anderson ST, et al., 2015, The prevalence and burden of symptoms in patients with chronic liver diseases in The Gambia, West Africa, PALLIATIVE MEDICINE, Vol: 29, Pages: 184-185, ISSN: 0269-2163
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- Citations: 9
Howell J, Ladep NG, Lemoine M, et al., 2015, Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa: The PROLIFICA project - a collaborative study of hepatitis B-related liver disease in West Africa, SAMJ South African Medical Journal, Vol: 105, Pages: 185-186, ISSN: 0256-9574
Vera JH, Garvey LJ, Allsop JM, et al., 2015, Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid Chemokines Are Associated With Maraviroc Exposure and In Vivo Metabolites Measurable by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, HIV CLINICAL TRIALS, Vol: 13, Pages: 222-227, ISSN: 1528-4336
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- Citations: 10
Oleribe OO, Salako BL, Ka MM, et al., 2015, Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa: Lessons learned and issues arising from West African countries, Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, Vol: 15, Pages: 54-57, ISSN: 1470-2118
The current Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak ravaging three nations in West Africa has affected more than 14,000 persons and killed over 5,000. It is the longest and most widely spread Ebola epidemic ever seen. At the time of this overview (written November 2014), having affected eight different nations, Nigeria and Senegal were able to control and eliminate the virus within a record time. Ghana has successfully, to date, kept the virus away from the country, despite economic and social relationships with affected nations. What lessons can we learn from Nigeria, Senegal and Ghana in the current epidemic? How can the world improve the health systems in low- and middle-income countries to effectively manage future outbreaks? Recently, the Royal College of Physicians launched a new partnership with the West African College of Physicians to curtail the effects of HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis in the region. We believe that strengthened health systems, skilled human resources for health and national ownership of problems are key to effective management of outbreaks such as EVD.
Ladep NG, Lesi OA, Mark P, et al., 2014, Problem of hepatocellular carcinoma in West Africa., World J Hepatol, Vol: 6, Pages: 783-792, ISSN: 1948-5182
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be high in West Africa with an approximate yearly mortality rate of 200000. Several factors are responsible for this. Early acquisition of risk factors; with vertical or horizontal transmission of hepatitis B (HBV), environmental food contaminants (aflatoxins), poor management of predisposing risk factors and poorly-managed strategies for health delivery. There has been a low uptake of childhood immunisation for hepatitis B in many West African countries. Owing to late presentations, most sufferers of HCC die within weeks of their diagnosis. Highlighted reasons for the specific disease pattern of HCC in West Africa include: (1) high rate of risk factors; (2) failure to identify at risk populations; (3) lack of effective treatment; and (4) scarce resources for timely diagnosis. This is contrasted to the developed world, which generally has sufficient resources to detect cases early for curative treatment. Provision of palliative care for HCC patients is limited by availability and affordability of potent analgesics. Regional efforts, as well as collaborative networking activities hold promise that could change the epidemiology of HCC in West Africa.
Bajaj JS, Cox IJ, Betrapally NS, et al., 2014, Systems biology analysis of omeprazole therapy in cirrhosis demonstrates significant shifts in gut microbiota composition and function, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY, Vol: 307, Pages: G951-G957, ISSN: 0193-1857
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- Citations: 108
Ladep NG, Dona AC, Lewis MR, et al., 2014, Discovery and Validation of Urinary Metabotypes for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in West Africans, HEPATOLOGY, Vol: 60, Pages: 1291-1301, ISSN: 0270-9139
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- Citations: 59
Sheridan DA, Bridge SH, Crossey MME, et al., 2014, Depressive symptoms in chronic hepatitis C are associated with plasma apolipoprotein E deficiency, METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE, Vol: 29, Pages: 625-634, ISSN: 0885-7490
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- Citations: 6
Howell J, Ladep NG, Lemoine M, et al., 2014, Hepatitis B: A global health dilemma, EuroAsian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Vol: 1, Pages: v-vi, ISSN: 2231-5047
Howell J, Ladep NG, Lemoine M, et al., 2014, Hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa., South Sudan Medical Journal, Vol: 7, Pages: 59-61, ISSN: 2309-4613
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a spectrum ofacute and chronic liver disease, ranging from inactivechronic carrier status to progressive chronic hepatitis,leading to end-stage cirrhosis and primary liver cancer.In sub-Saharan Africa, over 8% of the population haschronic HBV carriage with a high risk for progressive liverdisease. HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma is the mostcommon cancer among men and third most commonamong women. HBV therefore represents a critical threatto health in the African continent.
Leech R, Scott G, Carhart-Harris R, et al., 2014, Spatial Dependencies between Large-Scale Brain Networks, PLoS ONE, Vol: 9
<p>Functional neuroimaging reveals both increases (task-positive) and decreases (task-negative) in neural activation with many tasks. Many studies show a <italic>temporal</italic> relationship between task positive and task negative networks that is important for efficient cognitive functioning. Here we provide evidence for a <italic>spatial</italic> relationship between task positive and negative networks. There are strong spatial similarities between many reported task negative brain networks, termed the default mode network, which is typically assumed to be a spatially fixed network. However, this is not the case. The spatial structure of the DMN varies depending on what specific task is being performed. We test whether there is a fundamental <italic>spatial</italic> relationship between task positive and negative networks. Specifically, we hypothesize that the distance between task positive and negative voxels is consistent despite different spatial patterns of activation and deactivation evoked by different cognitive tasks. We show significantly reduced variability in the distance between within-condition task positive and task negative voxels than across-condition distances for four different sensory, motor and cognitive tasks - implying that deactivation patterns are spatially dependent on activation patterns (and <italic>vice versa</italic>), and that both are modulated by specific task demands. We also show a similar relationship between positively and negatively correlated networks from a third ‘rest’ dataset, in the absence of a specific task. We propose that this spatial relationship may be the macroscopic analogue of microscopic neuronal organization reported in sensory cortical systems, and that this organization may reflect homeostatic plasticity necessary for efficient brain function.</p>
Ralphs SJL, North O, Ristic M, et al., 2014, THE USE OF KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF BILE DUCT CANNULATION AS A MEANS OF OBJECTIVELY ASSESSING ENDOSCOPIC SKILL AT ERCP, GUT, Vol: 63, Pages: A43-A43, ISSN: 0017-5749
Sheridan DA, Bridge SH, Crossey MME, et al., 2014, Omega-3 fatty acids and/or fluvastatin in hepatitis C prior non-responders to combination antiviral therapy - a pilot randomised clinical trial, LIVER INTERNATIONAL, Vol: 34, Pages: 737-747, ISSN: 1478-3223
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- Citations: 10
Okeke E, Ladep N, Davwar PM, et al., 2014, FACTORS IN THE MORTALITY OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED HCC PATIENTS IN NIGERIA, 49th Annual International Liver Congress of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: S209-S209, ISSN: 0168-8278
Leahy MP, Ladep NG, Taylor-Robinson SD, et al., 2014, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY INTO THE IMPACT OF SCREENING ON HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA DETECTION AND MORTALITY IN A LONDON HOSPITAL SETTING, 49th Annual International Liver Congress of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: S251-S251, ISSN: 0168-8278
McPhail MJ, Shawcross DL, Abeles RD, et al., 2014, CHARACTERISATION OF THE PLASMA METABOLIC PHENOTYPE OF ACUTE LIVER FAILURE BY <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR SPECTROSCOPY, 49th Annual International Liver Congress of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: S171-S171, ISSN: 0168-8278
Ladep NG, Lewis M, Gomez-Romero M, et al., 2014, BIOMARKER DISCOVERY USING ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUADRUPOLE TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY IDENTIFIES DIAGNOSTIC URINARY METABOLIC PANELS FOR HCC IN AFRICANS, 49th Annual International Liver Congress of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: S256-S256, ISSN: 0168-8278
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