Publications
62 results found
Xiao X, Trusler JPM, Yang X, et al., 2022, Erratum: “Equation of state for solid benzene valid for temperatures up to 470 K and pressures up to 1800 MPa” [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 50, 043104 (2021)], Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol: 51, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 0047-2689
Li M, Lim VWS, Ghafri SZSA, et al., 2022, Minimum miscibility pressure of CO2 and oil evaluated using MRI and NMR measurements, JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol: 214, ISSN: 0920-4105
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- Citations: 2
Al Ghafri SZS, Munro S, Cardella U, et al., 2022, Hydrogen liquefaction: a review of the fundamental physics, engineering practice and future opportunities, Energy and Environmental Science, Vol: 15, ISSN: 1754-5692
Hydrogen is emerging as one of the most promising energy carriers for a decarbonised global energy system. Transportation and storage of hydrogen are critical to its large-scale adoption and to these ends liquid hydrogen is being widely considered. The liquefaction and storage processes must, however, be both safe and efficient for liquid hydrogen to be viable as an energy carrier. Identifying the most promising liquefaction processes and associated transport and storage technologies is therefore crucial; these need to be considered in terms of a range of interconnected parameters ranging from energy consumption and appropriate materials usage to considerations of unique liquid-hydrogen physics (in the form of ortho–para hydrogen conversion) and boil-off gas handling. This study presents the current state of liquid hydrogen technology across the entire value chain whilst detailing both the relevant underpinning science (e.g. the quantum behaviour of hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures) and current liquefaction process routes including relevant unit operation design and efficiency. Cognisant of the challenges associated with a projected hydrogen liquefaction plant capacity scale-up from the current 32 tonnes per day to greater than 100 tonnes per day to meet projected hydrogen demand, this study also reflects on the next-generation of liquid-hydrogen technologies and the scientific research and development priorities needed to enable them.
Jiao F, Al Ghafri SZ, Seneviratne KN, et al., 2022, Interfacial tension measurements of methane plus propane binary and methane plus propane plus n-heptane ternary mixtures at low temperatures, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS, Vol: 171, ISSN: 0021-9614
Sadaghiani MS, Siahvashi A, Norris BWE, et al., 2022, Prediction of solid formation conditions in mixed refrigerants with iso-pentane and methane at high pressures and cryogenic temperatures, ENERGY, Vol: 250, ISSN: 0360-5442
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- Citations: 1
Al Ghafri SZS, Swanger A, Jusko V, et al., 2022, Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off, ENERGIES, Vol: 15
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- Citations: 3
Al Ghafri SZS, Swanger A, Park KH, et al., 2022, Advanced boil-off gas studies of liquefied natural gas used for the space and energy industries, ACTA ASTRONAUTICA, Vol: 190, Pages: 444-454, ISSN: 0094-5765
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- Citations: 2
Dhakal S, Tay WJ, Al Ghafri SZS, et al., 2021, Thermodynamic properties of liquid toluene from speed-of-sound measurements at temperatures from 283.15 K to 473.15 K and at pressures up to 390 MPa, International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol: 42, Pages: 1-40, ISSN: 0195-928X
We report the speeds of sound in liquid toluene (methylbenzene) measured using double-path pulse-echo apparatus independently at The University of Western Australia (UWA) and Imperial College London (ICL). The UWA data were measured at temperatures between (306 and 423) K and at pressures up to 65 MPa with standard uncertainties of between (0.02 and 0.04)%. At ICL, measurements were made at temperatures between (283.15 and 473.15) K and at pressures up to 390 MPa with standard uncertainty of 0.06%. By means of thermodynamic integration, the measured sound-speed data were combined with initial density and isobaric heat capacity values obtained from extrapolated experimental data to derive a comprehensive set of thermodynamic properties of liquid toluene over the full measurement range. Extensive uncertainty analysis was performed by studying the response of derived properties to constant and dynamic perturbations of the sound-speed surface, as well as the initial density and heat capacity values. The relative expanded uncertainties at 95% confidence of derived density, isobaric heat capacity, isobaric expansivity, isochoric heat capacity, isothermal compressibility, isentropic compressibility, thermal pressure coefficient and internal pressure were estimated to be (0.2, 2.2, 1.0, 2.6, 0.6, 0.2, 1.0 and 2.7)%, respectively. Due to their low uncertainty, these data and derived properties should be well suited for developing a new and improved fundamental Helmholtz equation of state for toluene.
Kim D, Al Ghafri SZS, Yang X, et al., 2021, High Pressure Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Ternary (Methane plus Propane plus Heptane) Mixtures with a Transient Hot-Wire Apparatus, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS, Vol: 42, ISSN: 0195-928X
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- Citations: 1
Xiao X, Trusler JPM, Yang X, et al., 2021, Equation of state for solid benzene valid for temperatures up to 470 K and pressures up to 1800 MPa, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol: 50, Pages: 1-25, ISSN: 0047-2689
The thermodynamic property data for solid phase I of benzene are reviewed and utilized to develop a new fundamental equation of state (EOS) based on Helmholtz energy, following the methodology used for solid phase I of CO2 by Trusler [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 40, 043105 (2011)]. With temperature and molar volume as independent variables, the EOS is able to calculate all thermodynamic properties of solid benzene at temperatures up to 470 K and at pressures up to 1800 MPa. The model is constructed using the quasi-harmonic approximation, incorporating a Debye oscillator distribution for the vibrons, four discrete modes for the librons, and a further 30 distinct modes for the internal vibrations of the benzene molecule. An anharmonic term is used to account for inevitable deviations from the quasi-harmonic model, which are particularly important near the triple point. The new EOS is able to describe the available experimental data to a level comparable with the likely experimental uncertainties. The estimated relative standard uncertainties of the EOS are 0.2% and 1.5% for molar volume on the sublimation curve and in the compressed solid region, respectively; 8%–1% for isobaric heat capacity on the sublimation curve between 4 K and 278 K; 4% for thermal expansivity; 1% for isentropic bulk modulus; 1% for enthalpy of sublimation and melting; and 3% and 4% for the computed sublimation and melting pressures, respectively. The EOS behaves in a physically reasonable manner at temperatures approaching absolute zero and also at very high pressures.
Xiao X, Al Ghafri SZS, Oakley J, et al., 2021, Isobaric heat capacity measurements on ternary mixtures of natural gas components methane, propane and n-heptane by differential scanning calorimetry at temperatures from 197 K to 422 K and pressures up to 32 MPa, FUEL, Vol: 308, ISSN: 0016-2361
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- Citations: 1
Al Ghafri SZS, Akhfash M, Hughes TJ, et al., 2021, High pressure viscosity measurements of ternary (methane plus propane plus heptane) mixtures, FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 223, ISSN: 0378-3820
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- Citations: 1
Sadaghiani MS, Arami-Niya A, Marsh B, et al., 2021, Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Carbon Dioxide+3,3,3-Trifluoropropene Binary Mixtures at Temperatures between (288 and 348) K, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 66, Pages: 4044-4055, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 1
Oakley J, Xiao X, Al Ghafri SZS, et al., 2021, High-Pressure Melting Temperature Measurements in Mixtures Relevant to Liquefied Natural Gas Production and Comparisons with Model Predictions, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 66, Pages: 4103-4111, ISSN: 0021-9568
Al Ghafri SZS, Jiao F, Hughes TJ, et al., 2021, Natural gas density measurements and the impact of accuracy on process design, FUEL, Vol: 304, ISSN: 0016-2361
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- Citations: 4
Xiao X, Al Ghafri SZS, Rowland D, et al., 2021, Isobaric heat capacity measurements of natural gas model mixtures (methane + n-heptane) and (propane + n-heptane) by differential scanning calorimetry at temperatures from 313 K to 422 K and pressures up to 31 MPa, Fuel, Vol: 296, ISSN: 0016-2361
Heat capacities of pure methane (1), propane (2) and n-heptane (3), and binary mixtures of (methane or propane + n-heptane) at n-heptane mole fractions of (0.070 to 0.750), were measured at temperatures (313 to 42) K and pressures (6.00 to 31.10) MPa using a Tian-Calvet-type differential scanning calorimeter with a combined standard uncertainty of (2.20 to 2.68) % (k = 1). The results for pure methane, propane and n-heptane agreed within 2% of the values calculated from reference equations of state (EOS). In contrast, for the two sets of mixtures measured above their cricondenbars, averaged absolute deviations of 4.6%, 3.7% and 1.2% were observed between the measured cp values and those predicted by the GERG-2008, Peng-Robinson (PR) and SAFT-γ Mie EOS, respectively. The divergences of cp from model calculations for the binary mixtures near the critical region were also investigated. The root mean square (r.m.s.) deviations of the measured heat capacities from those calculated using the GERG-2008, PR, and SAFT-γ Mie exhibited relatively large but similar values of 7.1%, 7.4% and 7.2% for [0.850 CH4 + 0.150 n-C7H16] and 9.1%, 6.9% and 8.0% for [0.930 C3H8 + 0.070 n-C7H16]. This work reveals that the SAFT-γ Mie EOS can adequately describe most heat capacity data above the cricondenbar, while none of the models provide reliable predictions near the critical region.
Xiao X, Oakley J, Al Ghafri SZS, et al., 2021, Isobaric heat capacities of a methane (1) + propane (2) mixture by differential scanning calorimetry at near-critical and supercritical conditions, FUEL, Vol: 289, ISSN: 0016-2361
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- Citations: 6
Siahvashi A, Al Ghafri SZS, Graham BF, et al., 2021, Experimental study of impurity freeze-out in ternary methane plus ethane plus benzene mixtures with applications to LNG production, JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol: 90, ISSN: 1875-5100
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- Citations: 6
Xiao X, Rowland D, Al Ghafri SZS, et al., 2021, Wide-Ranging Reference Correlations for Dilute Gas Transport Properties Based on Ab Initio Calculations and Viscosity Ratio Measurements (vol 49, 013101, 2020), JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA, Vol: 50, ISSN: 0047-2689
Al Ghafri SZS, Perez F, Park KH, et al., 2021, Advanced boil-off gas studies for liquefied natural gas, APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING, Vol: 189, ISSN: 1359-4311
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- Citations: 10
Siahvashi A, Al Ghafri SZS, Yang X, et al., 2021, Avoiding costly LNG plant freeze-out-induced shutdowns: Measurement and modelling for neopentane solubility at LNG conditions, ENERGY, Vol: 217, ISSN: 0360-5442
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- Citations: 3
Perez F, Al Ghafri SZS, Gallagher L, et al., 2021, Measurements of boil-off gas and strati fi cation in cryogenic liquid nitrogen with implications for the storage and transport of lique fi ed natural gas, ENERGY, Vol: 222, ISSN: 0360-5442
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- Citations: 8
Kim D, Yang X, Arami-Niya A, et al., 2020, Thermal conductivity measurements of refrigerant mixtures containing hydrofluorocarbons (HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a), hydrofluoroolefins (HFO-1234yf), and carbon dioxide (CO2), JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS, Vol: 151, ISSN: 0021-9614
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- Citations: 16
Souza LFS, Ghafri SZSA, Fandiño O, et al., 2020, Vapor-liquid equilibria, solid-vapor-liquid equilibria and H2S partition coefficient in (CO2 + CH4) at temperatures between (203.96 and 303.15) K at pressures up to 9 MPa, Fluid Phase Equilibria, Vol: 522, Pages: 1-13, ISSN: 0378-3812
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements of the (CO2 + CH4) system are reported along seven isotherms at temperatures varying from just above the triple point to just below the critical point of CO2 at pressures from the vapor pressure of pure CO2 to approximately 9 MPa, including near-critical states. From these data, the critical locus has been determined and correlated over its entire length. The VLE data are correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS), using a temperature-dependent binary interaction parameter, and also compared with the predictions of the GERG-2008 equation of state. The former represents the phase compositions across all isotherms with a root-mean-square mole-fraction deviation of S = 0.0075 while, for the latter, S = 0.0126. Measurements of the three-phase solid-vapor-liquid equilibrium (SVLE) line are reported at temperatures from approximately (204 to 216) K and a new correlation is developed which is valid from 145 K to the triple point of CO2. Additionally, we report the partitioning of trace levels of H2S between coexisting liquid and vapor phases of the (CO2 + CH4) system and compare the results with the predictions of the PR-EoS.
Arami-Niya A, Xiao X, Al Ghafri SZS, et al., 2020, Measurement and modelling of the thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide mixtures with HFO-1234yf, HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFC-32: vapour-liquid equilibrium, density, and heat capacity, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION, Vol: 118, Pages: 514-528, ISSN: 0140-7007
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- Citations: 22
Yang X, Arami-Niya A, Xiao X, et al., 2020, Viscosity Measurements of Binary and Multicomponent Refrigerant Mixtures Containing HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFO-1234yf, and CO2, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 65, Pages: 4252-4262, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 11
Al Habsi SSA, Al Ghafri SZS, Bamagain R, et al., 2020, Experimental and modelling study of the phase behavior of (methyl propanoate + carbon dioxide) at temperatures between (298.15 and 423.15) K and pressures up to 20 MPa, Fluid Phase Equilibria, Vol: 519, Pages: 1-8, ISSN: 0378-3812
In this work, we report phase equilibrium measurements on the system (methyl propanoate + carbon dioxide) carried out with a high-pressure quasi-static-analytical apparatus. The measurements were made along six isotherms at temperatures from (298.15 to 423.15) K and at pressures up to the critical pressure at each temperature. Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data obtained for the mixture have been compared with the predictions of the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory coupled with the Mie potential and a group-contribution approach for the functional group interaction parameters (SAFT-γ Mie). The group interaction parameters in SAFT-γ Mie for the COO–CO2 interaction have been revised in this work by fitting to our experimental VLE data. After tuning, the SAFT model was found to be in good agreement with the measured data for both the liquid and vapor phases. Additionally, the data were compared with the predictions of the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS) with one-fluid mixing rules and a temperature-independent binary parameter. This model fitted the VLE data well, except in the critical region. The present work is expected to contribute to optimization of biodiesel production processes.
Siahvashi A, Al Ghafri SZS, May EF, 2020, Solid-fluid equilibrium measurements of benzene in methane and implications for freeze-out at LNG conditions, FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA, Vol: 519, ISSN: 0378-3812
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- Citations: 12
Al Ghafri SZS, Hughes TJ, Perez F, et al., 2020, Phase equilibrium studies of high-pressure natural gas mixtures with toluene for LNG applications, FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA, Vol: 518, ISSN: 0378-3812
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- Citations: 5
Jiao F, Al Ghafri SZS, Hughes TJ, et al., 2020, Extended calibration of a vibrating tube densimeter and new reference density data for a methane-propane mixture at temperatures from (203 to 423) K and pressures to 35 MPa, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS, Vol: 310, ISSN: 0167-7322
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- Citations: 2
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