Imperial College London
Professor Timothy Sumner

ProfessorTimothySumner

Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics

Professor of Experimental Astrophysics
 
 
 
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Contact

 

+44 (0)20 7594 7552t.sumner

 
 
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Location

 

1108Blackett LaboratorySouth Kensington Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Citation

BibTex format

@article{Paredes:2018:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.04.006,
author = {Paredes, BL and Araujo, HM and Froborg, E and Marangou, N and Olcina, I and Sumner, TJ and Taylor, R and Tomas, A and Vacheret, A},
doi = {10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.04.006},
journal = {Astroparticle Physics},
pages = {56--66},
title = {Response of photomultiplier tubes to xenon scintillation light},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.04.006},
volume = {102},
year = {2018}
}
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RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)

TY  - JOUR
AB  - We present the precision calibration of 35 Hamamatsu R11410-22 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with xenon scintillation light centred near 175 nm. This particular PMT variant was developed specifically for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment. A room-temperature xenon scintillation cell coupled to a vacuum cryostat was used to study the full-face PMT response at both room and low temperature (∼−100 °C), in particular to determine the quantum efficiency (QE) and double photoelectron emission (DPE) probability in LZ operating conditions. For our sample with an average QE of (32.4 ± 2.9)% at room temperature, we find a relative improvement of (17.9 ± 5.2)% upon cooling (where uncertainty values refer to the sample standard deviation). The mean DPE probability in response to single vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons is (22.6 ± 2.0)% at low temperature; the DPE increase relative to room temperature, measured here for the first time, was (12.2 ± 3.9)%. Evidence of a small triple photoelectron emission probability (∼0.6%) has also been observed. Useful correlations are established between these parameters and the QE as measured by the manufacturer. The single VUV photon response is also measured for one ETEL D730/9829QB, a PMT with a more standard bialkali photocathode used in the ZEPLIN-III experiment, for which we obtained a cold DPE fraction of (9.1 ± 0.1)%. Hence, we confirm that this effect is not restricted to the low-temperature bialkali photocathode technology employed by Hamamatsu. This highlights the importance of considering this phenomenon in the interpretation of data from liquid xenon scintillation and electroluminescence detectors, and from many other optical measurements in this wavelength region.
AU  - Paredes,BL
AU  - Araujo,HM
AU  - Froborg,E
AU  - Marangou,N
AU  - Olcina,I
AU  - Sumner,TJ
AU  - Taylor,R
AU  - Tomas,A
AU  - Vacheret,A
DO  - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.04.006
EP  - 66
PY  - 2018///
SN  - 0927-6505
SP  - 56
TI  - Response of photomultiplier tubes to xenon scintillation light
T2  - Astroparticle Physics
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.04.006
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000439677800007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/61995
VL  - 102
ER  -
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