Publications
100 results found
Stevens GA, Bennett JE, Hennocq Q, et al., 2015, Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys, Lancet Global Health, Vol: 3, Pages: e528-e536, ISSN: 2214-109X
Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a risk factor for blindness and for mortality from measles and diarrhoea in children aged 6–59 months. We aimed to estimate trends in the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency between 1991 and 2013 and its mortality burden in low-income and middle-income countries.Methods: We collated 134 population-representative data sources from 83 countries with measured serum retinol concentration data. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, defined as a serum retinol concentration lower than 0·70 μmol/L. We estimated the relative risks (RRs) for the effects of vitamin A deficiency on mortality from measles and diarrhoea by pooling effect sizes from randomised trials of vitamin A supplementation. We used information about prevalences of deficiency, RRs, and number of cause-specific child deaths to estimate deaths attributable to vitamin A deficiency. All analyses included a systematic quantification of uncertainty.Findings: In 1991, 39% (95% credible interval 27–52) of children aged 6–59 months in low-income and middle-income countries were vitamin A deficient. In 2013, the prevalence of deficiency was 29% (17–42; posterior probability [PP] of being a true decline=0·81). Vitamin A deficiency significantly declined in east and southeast Asia and Oceania from 42% (19–70) to 6% (1–16; PP>0·99); a decline in Latin America and the Caribbean from 21% (11–33) to 11% (4–23; PP=0·89) also occurred. In 2013, the prevalence of deficiency was highest in sub-Saharan Africa (48%; 25–75) and south Asia (44%; 13–79). 94 500 (54 200–146 800) deaths from diarrhoea and 11 200 (4300–20 500) deaths from measles were attributable to vitamin A deficiency in 2013, which accounted for 1·7% (1·0–2·6) of all deaths in children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries. M
Smith RB, Bennett JE, Rantakokko P, et al., 2015, The relationship between MX [3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone], routinely monitored trihalomethanes, and other characteristics in drinking water in a long-term survey, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol: 49, Pages: 6485-6493, ISSN: 1520-5851
MX (3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone) is a drinking water disinfection byproduct (DBP). It is a potent mutagen and is of concern to public health. Data on MX levels in drinking water, especially in the UK, are limited. Our aim was to investigate factors associated with variability of MX concentrations at the tap, and to evaluate if routinely measured trihalomethanes (THMs) are an appropriate proxy measure for MX. We conducted quarterly water sampling at consumers’ taps in eight water supply zones in and around Bradford, UK, between 2007 and 2010. We collected 79 samples which were analyzed for MX using GC-HRMS. Other parameters such as pH, temperature, UV-absorbance and free chlorine were measured concurrently, and total THMs were modeled from regulatory monitoring data. To our knowledge this is the longest MX measurement survey undertaken to date. Concentrations of MX varied between 8.9 and 45.5 ng/L with a median of 21.3 ng/L. MX demonstrated clear seasonality with concentrations peaking in late summer/early fall. Multivariate regression showed that MX levels were associated with total trihalomethanes, UV-absorbance and pH. However, the relationship between TTHM and MX may not be sufficiently consistent across time and location for TTHM to be used as a proxy measure for MX in exposure assessment.
Bennett JE, Li G, Foreman K, et al., 2015, The future of life expectancy and life expectancy inequalities in England and Wales: Bayesian spatiotemporal forecasting, Lancet, Vol: 386, Pages: 163-170, ISSN: 0140-6736
Background: To plan for pensions and health and social services, future mortality and life expectancy need to be forecast. Consistent forecasts for all subnational units within a country are very rare. Our aim was to forecast mortality and life expectancy for England and Wales' districts.Methods: We developed Bayesian spatiotemporal models for forecasting of age-specific mortality and life expectancy at a local, small-area level. The models included components that accounted for mortality in relation to age, birth cohort, time, and space. We used geocoded mortality and population data between 1981 and 2012 from the Office for National Statistics together with the model with the smallest error to forecast age-specific death rates and life expectancy to 2030 for 375 of England and Wales' 376 districts. We measured model performance by withholding recent data and comparing forecasts with this withheld data.Findings: Life expectancy at birth in England and Wales was 79·5 years (95% credible interval 79·5–79·6) for men and 83·3 years (83·3–83·4) for women in 2012. District life expectancies ranged between 75·2 years (74·9–75·6) and 83·4 years (82·1–84·8) for men and between 80·2 years (79·8–80·5) and 87·3 years (86·0–88·8) for women. Between 1981 and 2012, life expectancy increased by 8·2 years for men and 6·0 years for women, closing the female–male gap from 6·0 to 3·8 years. National life expectancy in 2030 is expected to reach 85·7 (84·2–87·4) years for men and 87·6 (86·7–88·9) years for women, further reducing the female advantage to 1·9 years. Life expectancy will reach or surpass 81·4 years for men and reach or surpass 84·5 years for women in every district by 2030. Longevity inequality across distr
Iszatt N, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Bennett JE, et al., 2014, Trihalomethanes in public drinking water and stillbirth and low birth weight rates: an intervention study, ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL, Vol: 73, Pages: 434-439, ISSN: 0160-4120
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- Citations: 14
Bennett JE, Blangiardo M, Fecht D, et al., 2014, Vulnerability to the mortality effects of warm temperature in the districts of England and Wales, Nature Climate Change, Vol: 4, Pages: 269-273, ISSN: 1758-678X
Warm temperatures adversely affect disease occurrence and death, in extreme conditions as well as when the temperature changes are more modest1,2. Therefore climate change, which is expected to affect both average temperatures and temperature variability, is likely to impact health even in temperate climates. Climate change risk assessment is enriched if there is information on vulnerability and resilience to effects of temperature. Some studies have analysed socio-demographic characteristics that make individuals vulnerable to adverse effects of temperature1,2,3,4. Less is known about community-level vulnerability. We used geo-coded mortality and environmental data and Bayesian spatial methods to conduct a national small-area analysis of the mortality effects of warm temperature for all 376 districts in England and Wales. In the most vulnerable districts, those in London and south/southeast England, odds of dying from cardiorespiratory causes increased by more than 10% for 1 °C warmer temperature, compared with virtually no effect in the most resilient districts, which were in the far north. A 2 °C warmer summer may result in 1,552 (95% credible interval 1,307–1,762) additional deaths, about one-half of which would occur in 95 districts. The findings enable risk and adaptation analyses to incorporate local vulnerability to warm temperature and to quantify inequality in its effects.
Iszatt N, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Bennett J, et al., 2013, Chlorination by-products in tap water and semen quality in England and Wales, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 70, Pages: 754-760, ISSN: 1351-0711
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- Citations: 19
Di Cesare M, Bennett JE, Best N, et al., 2013, The contributions of risk factor trends to cardiometabolic mortality decline in 26 industrialized countries, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 42, Pages: 838-848, ISSN: 0300-5771
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- Citations: 54
Briggs D, Beale L, Bennett J, et al., 2012, A geographical model of radio-frequency power density around mobile phone masts, SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 426, Pages: 233-243, ISSN: 0048-9697
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- Citations: 13
Iszatt N, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Bennett JE, et al., 2011, Trihalomethane Levels in Relation to Rates of Stillbirth and Low Birth Weight: An Intervention Study, Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S68-S69, ISSN: 1044-3983
Toledano MB, Bennett JE, Hambly P, et al., 2011, Chlorination Disinfection By-products and Risk of Stillbirths in England and Wales, Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S126-S126, ISSN: 1044-3983
Smith RB, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Bennett JE, et al., 2011, Exposure to Disinfection By-products During Pregnancy, Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S122-S122, ISSN: 1044-3983
Elliott P, Toledano MB, Bennett JE, et al., 2011, Case-control Study of Mobile Phone Base Stations and Early Childhood Cancers, Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S52-S53, ISSN: 1044-3983
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- Citations: 1
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Martinez D, Grellier J, et al., 2010, Chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water and congenital anomalies: review and meta-analyses, CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA, Vol: 15, Pages: 3109-3123, ISSN: 1413-8123
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- Citations: 1
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Martinez D, Grellier J, et al., 2010, Chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water and congenital anomalies: review and meta-analyses., Cien Saude Colet, Vol: 15 Suppl 2, Pages: 3109-3123, ISSN: 1678-4561
This study aims to review epidemiologic evidence of the association between exposure to chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) and congenital anomalies. All epidemiologic studies that evaluated a relationship between an index of DBP exposure and risk of congenital anomalies were analyzed. For all congenital anomalies combined, the meta-analysis gave a statistically significant excess risk for high versus low exposure to water chlorination or TTHM (17%; 95% CI, 3-34) based on a small number of studies. The meta-analysis also suggested a statistically significant excess risk for ventricular septal defects (58%; 95% CI, 21-107), but based on only three studies, and there was little evidence of an exposure-response relationship. It was observed no statistically significant relationships in the other meta-analyses and little evidence for publication bias, except for urinary tract defects and cleft lip and palate. Although some individual studies have suggested an association between chlorination disinfection by-products and congenital anomalies, meta-analyses of all currently available studies demonstrate little evidence of such association.
Elliott P, Toledano MB, Bennett J, et al., 2010, Mobile phone base stations and early childhood cancers: case-control study, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 340, ISSN: 1756-1833
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- Citations: 30
Grellier J, Bennett J, Paterlarou E, et al., 2010, Exposure to disinfection by-products and adverse birth outcomes related to fetal growth and prematurity - a systematic review and meta-analysis., Epidemiology, Vol: 21, Pages: 300-313
Toledano MB, Bennett JE, Hambly P, et al., 2009, Chlorination Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Stillbirths in England and Wales, 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S129-S129, ISSN: 1044-3983
Toledano M, Bennett J, Molitor J, et al., 2009, Risk of Low Birth Weight in Relation to Trihalomethane Concentrations in Public Water Supply: A National Study Using Multiple Data Sources, 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S180-S181, ISSN: 1044-3983
Iszatt N, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Bennett J, et al., 2009, Trihalomethanes and Semen Quality in England and Wales, 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S196-S196, ISSN: 1044-3983
Grellier J, Bennett J, Patelarou E, et al., 2009, Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Adverse Birth Outcomes Related to Fetal Growth and Prematurity - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S67-S67, ISSN: 1044-3983
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- Citations: 1
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Grellier J, Smith R, et al., 2009, The epidemiology and possible mechanisms of disinfection by-products in drinking water., Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci, Vol: 367, Pages: 4043-4076
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Smith R, Golfinopoulos S, et al., 2009, Health impacts of long-term exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water in Europe: HIWATE., J Water Health, Vol: 7, Pages: 185-207
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Smith R, Golfinopoulos S, Best N, Bennett J, Aggazzotti G, Righi E, Fantuzzi G, Bucchini L, Cordier S, Villanueva CM, Moreno V, La Vecchia C, Bosetti C, Vartiainen T, Rautiu R, Toledano M, Iszatt N, Grazuleviciene R, Kogevinas M.
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Toledano MB, Bennett J, et al., 2007, Chlorination disinfection by-products and risk of congenital anomalies in England and Wales, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol: 116, Pages: 216-222, ISSN: 0091-6765
BACKGROUND:Increased risk of various congenital anomalies has been reported to be associatedwith trihalomethane (THM) exposure in the water supply.OBJECTIVES:We conducted a registry-based study to determine the relationship between THMconcentrations and the risk of congenital anomalies in England and Wales. METHODS:We obtained congenital anomaly data from the National Congenital Anomalies System,regional registries, and the national terminations registry; THM data were obtained from watercompanies. Total THM (< 30, 30 to < 60, ≥60 μg/L), total brominated exposure (< 10, 10 to < 20,≥20 μg/L), and bromoform exposure (< 2, 2 to < 4, ≥4 μg/L) were modeled at the place of resi-dence for the first trimester of pregnancy. We included 2,605,226 live births, stillbirths, and termi-nations with 22,828 cases of congenital anomalies. Analyses using fixed- and random-effects modelswere performed for broadly defined groups of anomalies (cleft palate/lip, abdominal wall, majorcardiac, neural tube, urinary and respiratory defects), a more restricted set of anomalies with betterascertainment, and for isolated and multiple anomalies. Data were adjusted for sex, maternal age,and socioeconomic status. RESULTS:We found no statistically significant trends across exposure categories for either thebroadly defined or more restricted sets of anomalies. For the restricted set of anomalies with iso-lated defects, there were significant (p< 0.05) excess risks in the high-exposure categories of totalTHMs for ventricular septal defects [odds ratio (OR) = 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI),1.00–2.04] and of bromoform for major cardiovascular defects and gastroschisis (OR = 1.18;95% CI, 1.00–1.39; and OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.00–1.92, respectively). CONCLUSION:In this large national study we found little evidence for a relationship between THMconcentrations in drinking water and risk of congenital anomalies.
Nieuwenhuijsen M, Group DW, Lenore A, et al., 2007, Water chlorination by-products and congenital anomalies in England and Wales, 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S86-S86, ISSN: 1044-3983
Toledano M, Elliott P, Briggs D, et al., 2007, Case control study of cancer incidence in childhood and proximity to mobile phone base stations, 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S129-S130, ISSN: 1044-3983
Joffe M, Bennett J, Best N, et al., 2007, Sex ratio and time to pregnancy: analysis of four large European population surveys, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 334, Pages: 524-526A, ISSN: 1756-1833
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- Citations: 17
Bennett J, Little MP, Richardson S, 2004, Flexible dose-response models for Japanese atomic bomb survivor data: Bayesian estimation and prediction of cancer risk, RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS, Vol: 43, Pages: 233-245, ISSN: 0301-634X
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- Citations: 25
New JP, Hollis S, Burns JA, et al., 2002, Quality Indicators for Diabetes Services (QUIDS).t Development of robust performance measures for population based diabetes services., 38th EASD Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes, Publisher: SPRINGER-VERLAG, Pages: A305-A306, ISSN: 0012-186X
Toledano MB, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Bennett J, et al., 2002, Chlorination disinfection by-products and adverse birth outocmes in Great Britain: Birthweight and still birth., EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 13, Pages: S111-S111, ISSN: 1044-3983
Bennett J, Wakefield J, 2001, Errors-in-variables in joint population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling, BIOMETRICS, Vol: 57, Pages: 803-812, ISSN: 0006-341X
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- Citations: 16
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