Publications
146 results found
Amaral A, Potts J, Knox-Brown B, et al., 2023, Cohort profile: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol: 52, Pages: e364-e373, ISSN: 0300-5771
Carrillo-Larco RM, Guzman-Vilca WC, Alvizuri-Gómez C, et al., 2023, Sensitivity and specificity of three diabetes diagnostic criteria in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and otherwise healthy people: Analysis of NHANES III., Prim Care Diabetes, Vol: 17, Pages: 506-512
AIMS: Establishing whether fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG), and HbA1c have the same diagnostic accuracy in NAFLD versus otherwise healthy people could inform T2DM screening recommendations for those with NAFLD. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1989-1994. T2DM was defined as PPG ≥ 200 mg/dL, FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL, or HbA1c ≥ 6.5 %. We estimated sensitivity and specificity between the six pairwise combinations between the three T2DM definitions in people with and without NAFLD. With Poisson regressions, we investigated if people with NAFLD were more likely to have T2DM with two diagnostic criteria yet not with the third one. RESULTS: There were 3652 people with mean age 55.6 years and 49.4 % were men; 673 (18.4 %) people had NAFLD. Compared to NAFLD-free individuals, those with NAFLD had lower specificity in all pairwise comparisons except when PPG was the reference vs HbA1c [98.28 % (95 % CI: 97.73 %-98.72 %) in people without NAFLD vs 96.15 % (95 % CI: 94.28 %-97.54 %)]. The sensitivity of FPG was slightly superior to PPG and HbA1c in people without NAFLD; for example, 64.62 % (95 % CI: 55.75 %-72.80 %) for FPG vs 56.58 % (95 % CI: 44.71 %-67.92 %) for HbA1c. People with NAFLD were more likely to be diagnosed with FPG and PPG yet not with HbA1c (PR=2.15; p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: While these T2DM diagnostic criteria may capture different patients both in people with and without NAFLD, in the NAFLD population FPG appears to have the best sensitivity and there were no differences between PPG and HbA1c in terms of specificity.
Alemayohu MA, Zanolin ME, Cazzoletti L, et al., 2023, Burden and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Sub-Saharan African countries, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of disease study 2019., EClinicalMedicine, Vol: 64
BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has experienced a surge of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over the past two decades. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), in this study we have estimated the burden and attributable risk factors of COPD across SSA countries between 1990 and 2019. METHODS: COPD burden and its attributable risk factors were estimated using data from the 2019 GBD. Percentage change was estimated to show the trend of COPD estimates from 1990 to 2019. COPD estimates attributable by risk factors were also reported to ascertain the risk factor that brings the greatest burden by sex and locations (at country and regions level). FINDINGS: In 2019, all-age prevalent cases of COPD in SSA were estimated to be 10.3 million (95% Uncertainty Intervals (UI) 9.7 million to 10.9 million) showing an increase of 117% compared with the number of all-age COPD cases in 1990. From 1990 to 2019, SSA underwent an increased percentage change in all-age YLDs due to COPD ranging from 41% in Lesotho to 203% in Equatorial Guinea. The largest premature mortality due to COPD was reported from Central SSA accounting for 729 subjects (95% UI, 509-1078). The highest rate of DALYs attributable to COPD was observed in Lesotho. Household air pollution from solid fuel was the primary contributor of the age standardized YLDs, death rate, and DALYs rate per 100,000 population. INTERPRETATION: The prevalence of COPD in SSA has had a steady increase over the past three decades and has progressively become a major public health burden across the region. Household air pollution from solid fuel is the primary contributor to COPD related burden, and its percentage contribution showed a similar trend to the reduction of COPD attributed age-standardized DALY rate. The methodological limitations of surveys and datapoints included in the GBD need to be considered when interpreting t
Das A, Tang YLM, Althumiri NA, et al., 2023, Fatty acid composition but not quantity is an important indicator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, ISSN: 0954-3007
Garcia-Larsen V, Tamim H, Alghamdi S, et al., 2023, Lifestyle-related population-attributable risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents and youth, Publisher: ELSEVIER, Pages: S859-S859, ISSN: 0168-8278
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