Publications
359 results found
Yang L, Dhillo W, 2016, Kisspeptin as a therapeutic target in reproduction, EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS, Vol: 20, Pages: 567-575, ISSN: 1472-8222
Salem V, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Coello C, et al., 2016, Glucagon increases energy expenditure independently of brown adipose tissue activation in humans, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism: a journal of pharmacology and therapeutics, Vol: 18, Pages: 72-81, ISSN: 1462-8902
Aims: To investigate, for a given energy expenditure (EE) rise, the differential effects of glucagon infusion and cold exposure on brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in humans.Methods: Indirect calorimetry and supraclavicular thermography was performed in 11 healthy male volunteers before and after: cold exposure; glucagon infusion (at 23 °C); and vehicle infusion (at 23 °C). All volunteers underwent ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scanning with cold exposure. Subjects with cold-induced BAT activation on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (n = 8) underwent a randomly allocated second ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan (at 23 °C), either with glucagon infusion (n = 4) or vehicle infusion (n = 4).Results: We observed that EE increased by 14% after cold exposure and by 15% after glucagon infusion (50 ng/kg/min; p < 0.05 vs control for both). Cold exposure produced an increase in neck temperature (+0.44 °C; p < 0.001 vs control), but glucagon infusion did not alter neck temperature. In subjects with a cold-induced increase in the metabolic activity of supraclavicular BAT on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, a significant rise in the metabolic activity of BAT after glucagon infusion was not detected. Cold exposure increased sympathetic activation, as measured by circulating norepinephrine levels, but glucagon infusion did not.Conclusions: Glucagon increases EE by a similar magnitude compared with cold activation, but independently of BAT thermogenesis. This finding is of importance for the development of safe treatments for obesity through upregulation of EE.
Narayanaswamy S, Jayasena CN, Ng N, et al., 2015, Subcutaneous infusion of kisspeptin-54 stimulates gonadotrophin release in women and the response correlates with basal oestradiol levels, Clinical Endocrinology, Vol: 84, Pages: 939-945, ISSN: 1365-2265
Background and objective: Kisspeptin stimulates hypothalamic GnRH secretion resulting in gonadotrophin release and has potential as a future therapeutic. Chronic subcutaneous infusion of kisspeptin via a pump (similar to an insulin pump) may provide an alternative route of administration in the future. We investigated for the first time in humans, the gonadotrophin response to subcutaneous (SC) infusions of kisspeptin-54 in healthy women. Women are markedly more responsive to exogenous kisspeptin in the late follicular phase pre-ovulation when oestradiol levels are naturally high. Therefore we further investigated whether there was a correlation between baseline oestradiol levels and LH response to kisspeptin. Design and patients: A prospective, single-blinded placebo-controlled study. Healthy women (n=4) received an 8 hour SC infusion of kisspeptin-54 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0nmol/kg/h or saline in the early follicular phase of 4 separate menstrual cycles. Gonadotrophins and oestradiol were measured every 10 minutes during the infusions. Results: SC infusion of kisspeptin-54 increased LH and FSH. The LH response to SC infusion of kisspeptin-54 (0.3 and 1.0nmol/kg/h) positively correlated with baseline oestradiol levels (p<0.001). Further statistical analyses showed that in the 1.0nmol/kg/h group a 100pmol/L rise in baseline oestradiol was associated with a 1.0 IU/L increase in LH.Conclusions: Kisspeptin administered via a SC infusion could be a viable future therapeutic route of administration for patients with infertility. Baseline oestradiol levels may be an important determinant of the gonadotropin response to kisspeptin treatment in women and should be taken into consideration when evaluating gonadotrophin response.
Sam AH, Shah S, Saleh K, et al., 2015, Clinical outcomes in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas managed conservatively, CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Vol: 83, Pages: 861-865, ISSN: 0300-0664
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- Citations: 23
Chambers ES, Viardot A, Psichas A, et al., 2015, Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults, Gut, Vol: 64, Pages: 1744-1754, ISSN: 0017-5749
Objective The colonic microbiota ferment dietary fibres, producing short chain fatty acids. Recent evidence suggests that the short chain fatty acid propionate may play an important role in appetite regulation. We hypothesised that colonic delivery of propionate would increase peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in humans, and reduce energy intake and weight gain in overweight adults.Design To investigate whether propionate promotes PYY and GLP-1 secretion, a primary cultured human colonic cell model was developed. To deliver propionate specifically to the colon, we developed a novel inulin-propionate ester. An acute randomised, controlled cross-over study was used to assess the effects of this inulin-propionate ester on energy intake and plasma PYY and GLP-1 concentrations. The long-term effects of inulin-propionate ester on weight gain were subsequently assessed in a randomised, controlled 24-week study involving 60 overweight adults.Results Propionate significantly stimulated the release of PYY and GLP-1 from human colonic cells. Acute ingestion of 10 g inulin-propionate ester significantly increased postprandial plasma PYY and GLP-1 and reduced energy intake. Over 24 weeks, 10 g/day inulin-propionate ester supplementation significantly reduced weight gain, intra-abdominal adipose tissue distribution, intrahepatocellular lipid content and prevented the deterioration in insulin sensitivity observed in the inulin-control group.Conclusions These data demonstrate for the first time that increasing colonic propionate prevents weight gain in overweight adult humans.
Abbara A, Jayasena CN, Christopoulos G, et al., 2015, Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of OHSS during IVF therapy, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol: 100, Pages: 3322-3331, ISSN: 0368-1610
Context:In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment is an effective therapy for infertility, but can result in the potentially life-threatening complication ‘ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome’ (OHSS).Objective:To investigate whether kisspeptin-54 can be used to effectively and safely trigger oocyte maturation in women undergoing IVF treatment at high risk of developing OHSS.Design:Phase 2 multi-dose open label randomized clinical trial carried out during 2013–2014.Setting:Hammersmith Hospital IVF unit, London, UK.Patients:Sixty women at high risk of developing OHSS Intervention:Following a standard recombinant FSH/GnRH antagonist protocol, patients were randomized to receive a single injection of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation using an adaptive design for dose allocation (3.2nmol/kg, n=5; 6.4nmol/kg, n=20; 9.6nmol/kg, n=15; 12.8nmol/kg, n=20). Oocytes were retrieved 36hrs after kisspeptin-54 administration, assessed for maturation, and fertilized by intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with subsequent transfer of one or two embryos. Women were routinely screened for the development of OHSS.Main Outcome Measure:Oocyte maturation was measured by oocyte yield (percentage of mature oocytes retrieved from follicles ≥14mm on ultrasound). Secondary outcomes include rates of OHSS and pregancy. Results:Oocyte maturation occurred in 95% of women. Highest oocyte yield (121%) was observed following 12.8nmol/kg kisspeptin-54, which was +69% (CI -16%,+153%) greater than following 3.2nmol/kg. At all doses of kisspeptin-54, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates per transfer (n=51) were 63%, 53% and 45%, respectively. Highest pregnancy rates were observed following 9.6nmol/kg kisspeptin-54 (85%, 77% and 62%, respectively). No woman developed moderate, severe or critical OHSS.Conclusion:Kisspeptin-54 is a promising approach to effectively and safely trigger oocyte
Clarke H, Dhillo WS, Jayasena CN, 2015, Comprehensive Review on Kisspeptin and Its Role in Reproductive Disorders, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol: 30, Pages: 124-141, ISSN: 2093-5978
Kisspeptin has recently emerged as a key regulator of the mammalian reproductive axis. It is known that kisspeptin, acting centrally via the kisspeptin receptor, stimulates secretion of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). Loss of kisspeptin signaling causes hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in humans and other mammals. Kisspeptin interacts with other neuropeptides such as neurokinin B and dynorphin, to regulate GnRH pulse generation. In addition, a growing body of evidence suggests that kisspeptin signaling be regulated by nutritional status and stress. Kisspeptin may also represent a novel potential therapeutic target in the treatment of fertility disorders. Early human studies suggest that peripheral exogenous kisspeptin administration stimulates gonadotrophin release in healthy adults and in patients with certain forms of infertility. This review aims to concisely summarize what is known about kisspeptin as a regulator of reproductive function, and provide an update on recent advances within this field.
Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Narayanaswamy S, et al., 2015, Direct comparison of the effects of intravenous kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-54 and GnRH on gonadotrophin secretion in healthy men, Human Reproduction, Vol: 30, Pages: 1934-1941, ISSN: 1460-2350
study question: How potently does the novel hypothalamic stimulator of reproduction, kisspeptin, increase gonadotrophin secretionwhen compared with GnRH in healthy men?summaryanswer: At the doses tested, intravenous administration of either of two major kisspeptin isoforms, kisspeptin-10 and -54, wasassociated with similar levels of gonadotrophin secretion in healthy men; however, GnRH was more potent when compared with either kisspeptinisoform.what is known already: Kisspeptin-10 and -54 are naturally occurring hormones in the kisspeptin peptide family which potently stimulatesendogenous GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus, so have the potential to treat patients with reproductive disorders. Rodent studiessuggest that kisspeptin-54 is more potent when compared with kisspepitn-10; however, their effects have not previously been directly comparedin humans, or compared with direct pituitary stimulation of gonadotrophin secretion using GnRH.study design, size and duration: A single-blinded placebo controlled physiological study was performed from January to December2013. Local ethical approval was granted, and five participants were recruited to each dosing group.participants/materials, setting, methods: Healthy men were administered vehicle, kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-54 andGnRH intravenously for 3 h on different study days. Each hormone was administered at 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 nmol/kg/h doses (n ¼ 5 subjects pergroup). Regular blood sampling was conducted throughout the study to measure LH and FSH. Study visits were conducted at least a week apart.main results and the role of chance: Serum LH and FSH levels were 3-fold higher during GnRH infusion when comparedwith kisspeptin-10 and 2-fold higher when compared with kisspeptin-54 [mean area under the curve serum LH during infusion (in hours timesinternational units per litre, h.IU/l): 10.81+1.73, 1.0 nmol/kg/h kisspeptin-10; 14.43+1.27, 1.0 nmol/kg/h kisspeptin-54; 34.06+5.18,1.0 nmol/kg/h GnRH, P , 0.001 versus kis
Jayasena CN, Comninos AN, Narayanaswamy S, et al., 2015, The identification of elevated urinary kisspeptin-immunoreactivity during pregnancy, ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, Vol: 52, Pages: 395-398, ISSN: 0004-5632
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- Citations: 9
Chambers ES, Viardot A, Psichas A, et al., 2015, Effects of elevating colonic propionate on liver fat content in overweight adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Vol: 74, Pages: E30-E30, ISSN: 1475-2719
Chambers E, Viardot A, Psichas A, et al., 2015, Effects of Elevating Colonic Propionate on Liver Fat Content in Adults with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, FASEB JOURNAL, Vol: 29, ISSN: 0892-6638
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- Citations: 1
Comninos AN, Anastasovska J, Sahuri-Arisoylu M, et al., 2015, Kisspeptin signaling in the amygdala modulates reproductive hormone secretion, Brain Structure & Function, Vol: 221, Pages: 2035-2047, ISSN: 1863-2661
Kisspeptin (encoded by KISS1) is a crucial activator of reproductive function. The role of kisspeptin has been studied extensively within the hypothalamus but little is known about its significance in other areas of the brain. KISS1 and its cognate receptor are expressed in the amygdala, a key limbic brain structure with inhibitory projections to hypothalamic centers involved in gonadotropin secretion. We therefore hypothesized that kisspeptin has effects on neuronal activation and reproductive pathways beyond the hypothalamus and particularly within the amygdala. To test this, we mapped brain neuronal activity (using manganese-enhanced MRI) associated with peripheral kisspeptin administration in rodents. We also investigated functional relevance by measuring the gonadotropin response to direct intra-medial amygdala (MeA) administration of kisspeptin and kisspeptin antagonist. Peripheral kisspeptin administration resulted in a marked decrease in signal intensity in the amygdala compared to vehicle alone. This was associated with an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. In addition, intra-MeA administration of kisspeptin resulted in increased LH secretion, while blocking endogenous kisspeptin signaling within the amygdala by administering intra-MeA kisspeptin antagonist decreased both LH secretion and LH pulse frequency. We provide evidence for the first time that neuronal activity within the amygdala is decreased by peripheral kisspeptin administration and that kisspeptin signaling within the amygdala contributes to the modulation of gonadotropin release and pulsatility. Our data suggest that kisspeptin is a ‘master regulator’ of reproductive physiology, integrating limbic circuits with the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and reproductive hormone secretion.
Jayasena CN, Comninos AN, Stefanopoulou E, et al., 2015, Neurokinin B Administration Induces Hot Flushes in Women, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2045-2322
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- Citations: 70
Ramachandran R, Bech P, Murphy KG, et al., 2015, Comparison of the Utility of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART), Chromogranin A, and Chromogranin B in Neuroendocrine Tumor Diagnosis and Assessment of Disease Progression, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol: 100, Pages: 1520-1528, ISSN: 1945-7197
Jayasena CN, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Narayanaswamy S, et al., 2015, Associations of coefficient of variation of serum GH with previous radiotherapy, hypopituitarism and cardiac disease in patients with treated acromegaly, Clinical Endocrinology, Vol: 82, Pages: 870-875, ISSN: 0300-0664
Izzi-Engbeaya C, Salem V, Atkar RS, et al., 2015, Insights into Brown Adipose Tissue Physiology as Revealed by Imaging Studies, ADIPOCYTE, Vol: 4, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 2162-3945
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- Citations: 11
Hussain S, Richardson E, Ma Y, et al., 2015, Glucokinase activity in the arcuate nucleus regulates glucose intake, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol: 125, Pages: 337-384, ISSN: 1558-8238
The brain relies on a constant supply of glucose, its primary fuel, for optimal function. A taste-independent mechanism within the CNS that promotes glucose delivery to the brain has been postulated to maintain glucose homeostasis; however, evidence for such a mechanism is lacking. Here, we determined that glucokinase activity within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus is involved in regulation of dietary glucose intake. In fasted rats, glucokinase activity was specifically increased in the arcuate nucleus but not other regions of the hypothalamus. Moreover, pharmacologic and genetic activation of glucokinase in the arcuate nucleus of rodent models increased glucose ingestion, while decreased arcuate nucleus glucokinase activity reduced glucose intake. Pharmacologic targeting of potential downstream glucokinase effectors revealed that ATP-sensitive potassium channel and P/Q calcium channel activity are required for glucokinase-mediated glucose intake. Additionally, altered glucokinase activity affected release of the orexigenic neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y in response to glucose. Together, our results suggest that glucokinase activity in the arcuate nucleus specifically regulates glucose intake and that appetite for glucose is an important driver of overall food intake. Arcuate nucleus glucokinase activation may represent a CNS mechanism that underlies the oft-described phenomena of the “sweet tooth” and carbohydrate craving.
Prague JK, Dhillo WS, 2015, Potential Clinical Use of Kisspeptin, NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Vol: 102, Pages: 238-245, ISSN: 0028-3835
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- Citations: 17
Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Izzi-Engbeaya C, et al., 2014, Reduced Levels of Plasma Kisspeptin During the Antenatal Booking Visit Are Associated With Increased Risk of Miscarriage, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, Vol: 99, Pages: E2652-E2660, ISSN: 0021-972X
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- Citations: 48
Jayasena CN, Comninos AN, Narayanaswamy S, et al., 2014, Acute and chronic effects of kisspeptin-54 administration on GH, prolactin and TSH secretion in healthy women, Clinical Endocrinology, Vol: 81, Pages: 891-898, ISSN: 1365-2265
Dhillo WS, 2014, Prospects of clinical application of kisspeptins, 3rd International Conference on Gonadotropins & Receptors
Skrapits K, Borsay BA, Herczeg L, et al., 2014, Colocalization of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript with Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B in the Human Infundibular Region, PLoS ONE, Vol: 9, ISSN: 1932-6203
Kisspeptin (KP)- and neurokinin B (NKB)- synthesizing neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus play a pivotal role in the regulation of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Unlike in rodents and sheep, the homologous KP and NKB neurons in the human infundibular region rarely express dynorphin- but often exhibit Substance P (SP) immunoreactivity, indicating remarkable species differences in the neurochemical phenotype of these neurons. In search for additional neuropeptides in human KP and NKB neurons, we carried out immunofluorescent studies on hypothalamic sections obtained from five postmenopausal women. Colocalization experiments provided evidence for the presence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in 47.9 ± 6.6% of KP-immunoreactive (IR) and 30.0 ± 4.9% of NKB-IR perikarya and in 17.0 ± 2.3% of KP-IR and 6.2 ± 2.0% of NKB-IR axon varicosities. All three neuropeptides were present in 33.3 ± 4.9% of KP-IR and 28.2 ± 4.6% of NKB-IR somata, respectively, whereas triple-labeling showed lower incidences in KP-IR (14.3 ± 1.8%) and NKB-IR (5.9 ± 2.0%) axon varicosities. CART-IR KP and NKB neurons established contacts with other peptidergic cells, including GnRH-IR neurons and also sent projections to the infundibular stalk. KP and NKB fibers with CART often contained SP as well, while being distinct from CART fibers co-containing the orexigenic peptide agouti-related protein. Presence of CART in human, but not rodent, KP and NKB neurons represents a new example of species differences in the neuropeptide repertoire of mediobasal hypothalamic KP and NKB neurons. Target cells, receptor sites and physiological significance of CART in the efferent communication of KP and NKB neurons in primates require clarification.
Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Comninos AN, et al., 2014, Kisspeptin-54 triggers egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol: 124, Pages: 3667-3677, ISSN: 0021-9738
BACKGROUND. Patients with mutations that inactivate kisspeptin signaling are infertile. Kisspeptin-54, the major circulating isoform of kisspeptin in humans, potently stimulates reproductive hormone secretion in humans. Animal studies suggest that kisspeptin is involved in generation of the luteinizing hormone surge, which is required for ovulation; therefore, we hypothesized that kisspeptin-54 could be used to trigger egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization therapy.METHODS. Following superovulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist to prevent premature ovulation, 53 women were administered a single subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 (1.6 nmol/kg, n = 2; 3.2 nmol/kg, n = 3; 6.4 nmol/kg, n = 24; 12.8 nmol/kg, n = 24) to induce a luteinizing hormone surge and egg maturation. Eggs were retrieved transvaginally 36 hours after kisspeptin injection, assessed for maturation (primary outcome), and fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection with subsequent transfer of one or two embryos.RESULTS. Egg maturation was observed in response to each tested dose of kisspeptin-54, and the mean number of mature eggs per patient generally increased in a dose-dependent manner. Fertilization of eggs and transfer of embryos to the uterus occurred in 92% (49/53) of kisspeptin-54–treated patients. Biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were 40% (21/53) and 23% (12/53), respectively.CONCLUSION. This study demonstrates that a single injection of kisspeptin-54 can induce egg maturation in women with subfertility undergoing in vitro fertilization therapy. Subsequent fertilization of eggs matured following kisspeptin-54 administration and transfer of resulting embryos can lead to successful human pregnancy.TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01667406.FUNDING. Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, and National Institute for Health Research.
Dhillo WS, 2014, Clinical use of Kisspeptin, International Congress of Neuroendocrinology
Dhillo WS, Izzi-Engbeaya C, 2014, Kisspeptin, a novel regulator of pituitary gonadotrophins, Recent Advances in Obstetrics & Gynaecology: 25, Editors: Ledger, Clark, Publisher: JP Medical Ltd, Pages: 139-150, ISBN: 9781907816802
Abbara A, Jayasena CN, Comninos AN, et al., 2014, Kisspeptin - a novel physiological trigger for oocyte maturation in IVF treatment, 30th Annual Meeting of the European-Society-of-Human-Reproduction-and-Embryology (ESHRE), Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Pages: 50-50, ISSN: 0268-1161
Comninos AN, Jayasena CN, Stefanopoulou E, et al., 2014, The hypothalamic hormone neurokinin B: a novel therapeutic target for menopausal hot flushes, 30th Annual Meeting of the European-Society-of-Human-Reproduction-and-Embryology (ESHRE), Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Pages: 105-105, ISSN: 0268-1161
Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Veldhuis JD, et al., 2014, Increasing LH Pulsatility in Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea Using Intravenous Infusion of Kisspeptin-54, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol: 99, Pages: E953-E961, ISSN: 0021-972X
Background:Hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is the one of the most common causes of period loss in women of reproductive age and is associated with deficient LH pulsatility. High-dose kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates LH secretion in women with HA, but chronic administration causes desensitization. GnRH has paradoxical effects on reproductive activity; we therefore hypothesized that a dose-dependent therapeutic window exists within which kisspeptin treatment restores the GnRH/LH pulsatility in women with HA.Aim:The aim of the study was to determine whether constant iv infusion of kisspeptin-54 temporarily increases pulsatile LH secretion in women with HA.Methods:Five patients with HA each underwent six assessments of LH pulsatility. Single-blinded continuous iv infusion of vehicle or kisspeptin-54 (0.01, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, or 1.00 nmol/kg/h) was administered. The LH pulses were detected using blinded deconvolution.Results:Kisspeptin increased LH pulsatility in all patients with HA, with peak responses observed at different doses in each patient. The mean peak number of pulses during infusion of kisspeptin-54 was 3-fold higher when compared with vehicle (number of LH pulses per 8 h: 1.6 ± 0.4, vehicle; 5.0 ± 0.5, kisspeptin-54, P < .01 vs vehicle). The mean peak LH pulse secretory mass during kisspeptin-54 was 6-fold higher when compared with vehicle (LH pulse secretory mass in international units per liter: 3.92 ± 2.31, vehicle; 23.44 ± 12.59, kisspeptin-54; P < .05 vs vehicle).Conclusions:Kisspeptin-54 infusion temporarily increases LH pulsatility in women with HA. Furthermore, we have determined the dose range within which kisspeptin-54 treatment increases basal and pulsatile LH secretion in women with HA. This work provides a basis for studying the potential of kisspeptin-based therapies to treat women with HA.
Dhillo WS, 2014, New Light on Therapeutic Potential of Kisspeptin, American Endocrine Society meeting
Dhillo WS, 2014, Gut and adipose hormones and reproduction in the human, 30th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE)
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