Professor WE (Bill) Lee FREng

Ojovan MI, Lee WE, 2013, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Publisher: Newnes, ISBN: 9780080993935

The fully revised second edition focuses on core technologies and has an integrated approach to immobilization and hazards Each chapter focuses on a different matrix used in nuclear waste immobilization: cement, bitumen, glass and new ...

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Ye J, Zhang S, Lee WE, 2013, Molten salt synthesis and characterization of SiC coated carbon black particles for refractory castable applications, JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Vol: 33, Pages: 2023-2029, ISSN: 0955-2219

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• Citations: 43

Ye J, Thackray RP, Lee WE, Zhang Set al., 2013, Microstructure and rheological properties of titanium carbide-coated carbon black particles synthesised from molten salt, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, Vol: 48, Pages: 6269-6275, ISSN: 0022-2461

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• Citations: 18

Zapata-Solvas E, Jayaseelan DD, Lin HT, Brown P, Lee WEet al., 2013, Mechanical properties of ZrB₂- and HfB₂-based ultra-high temperature ceramics fabricated by spark plasma sintering, JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Vol: 33, Pages: 1373-1386, ISSN: 0955-2219

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• Citations: 135

Manara D, Jackson HF, Perinetti-Casoni C, Boboridis K, Welland MJ, Luzzi L, Ossi PM, Lee WEet al., 2013, The ZrC-C eutectic structure and melting behaviour: A high-temperature radiance spectroscopy study, JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Vol: 33, Pages: 1349-1361, ISSN: 0955-2219

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• Citations: 14

Lee WE, Gilbert M, Murphy ST, Grimes RWet al., 2013, Opportunities for Advanced Ceramics and Composites in the Nuclear Sector, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Vol: 96, Pages: 2005-2030, ISSN: 0002-7820

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• Citations: 137

Zapata-Solvasa E, Jayaseelan DD, Brown PM, Lee WEet al., 2013, Thermal properties of La2O3-doped ZrB2- and HfB2-based ultra-high temperature ceramics

Thermal properties of La2O3-doped ZrB2- and HfB2-based ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have been measured at temperatures from room temperature to 2000 °C and compared with SiC-doped ZrB2- and HfB2-based UHTCs and monolithic ZrB2 and HfB2. Thermal conductivities of La2O3-doped UHTCs remain constant around 55–60 W/mK from 1500 °C to 1900 °C while SiC-doped UHTCs showed a trend to decreasing values over this range.

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Ventura LM, Golubev I, Lee W, Nose I, Parel J-M, Feuer WJ, Porciatti Vet al., 2013, Head-down Posture Induces PERG Alterations in Early Glaucoma, JOURNAL OF GLAUCOMA, Vol: 22, Pages: 255-264, ISSN: 1057-0829

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• Citations: 30

Wedegaertner F, Arnhold-Kerri S, Sittaro N-A, Bleich S, Geyer S, Lee WEet al., 2013, Depression- and anxiety-related sick leave and the risk of permanent disability and mortality in the working population in Germany: a cohort study., BMC Public Health, Vol: 13

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric disorders and are the cause of a large and increasing amount of sick-leave in most developed countries. They are also implicated as an increasing mortality risk in community surveys. In this study we addressed, whether sick leave due to anxiety, depression or comorbid anxiety and depression was associated with increased risk of retirement due to permanent disability and increased mortality in a cohort of German workers. METHODS: 128,001 German workers with statutory health insurance were followed for a mean of 6.4 years. We examined the associations between 1) depression/anxiety-related sick leave managed on an outpatient basis and 2) anxiety/depression-related psychiatric inpatient treatment, and later permanent disability/mortality using Cox proportional hazard regression models (stratified by sex and disorder) adjusted for age, education and job code classification. RESULTS: Outpatient-managed depression/anxiety-related sick leave was significantly associated with higher permanent disability (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)) 1.48 (1.30, 1.69) for depression, 1.25 (1.07, 1.45) for anxiety, 1.91 (1.56, 2.35) for both). Among outpatients, comorbidly ill men (2.59 (1.97,3.41)) were more likely to retire early than women (1.42 (1.04,1.93)). Retirement rates were higher for depressive and comorbidly ill patients who needed inpatient treatment (depression 3.13 (2,51, 3,92), both 3.54 (2.80, 4.48)). Inpatient-treated depression was also associated with elevated mortality (2.50 (1.80, 3.48)). Anxiety (0.53 (0.38, 0.73)) and female outpatients with depression (0.61 (0.38, 0.97)) had reduced mortality compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Depression/anxiety diagnoses increase the risk of early retirement; comorbidity and severity further increase that risk, depression more strikingly than anxiety. Sickness-absence diagnoses of anxiety/depression identified a population at high risk of retiring early due

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Cui B, Zapata-Solvas E, Reece MJ, Wang C-A, Lee WEet al., 2013, Microstructure and High-temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ti₃AlC₂/W Composites, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Vol: 96, Pages: 584-591, ISSN: 0002-7820

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• Citations: 9

Ojovan MI, Lee WE, 2013, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition, Pages: 1-362

Drawing on the authors’ extensive experience in the processing and disposal of waste, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition examines the gamut of nuclear waste issues from the natural level of radionuclides in the environment to geological disposal of waste-forms and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of other matrices such as bitumen. The final chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of immobilizing materials and safety of disposal, providing a full range of the resources needed to understand and correctly immobilize nuclear waste.

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• Citations: 67

Lee WE, Ojovan MI, Jantzen CM, 2013, Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up: Processes, technologies and international experience, Radioactive Waste Management and Contaminated Site Clean-Up: Processes, Technologies and International Experience, Pages: 1-879

Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up reviews radioactive waste management processes, technologies, and international experiences. Part one explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategies. International safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel management are also reviewed. Part two highlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. The experience in Japan, with a specific chapter on Fukushima, is also covered. Finally, part three explores the clean-up of sites contaminated by weapons programmes including the USA and former USSR. © 2013 Woodhead Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.

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• Citations: 51

Wojcik W, Lee W, Colman I, Hardy R, Hotopf Met al., 2013, Foetal origins of depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis of low birth weight and later depression., Psychol Med, Vol: 43, Pages: 1-12

BACKGROUND: The foetal origins hypothesis suggests an association between low birth weight and later depression, yet evidence supporting this association has been inconsistent. METHOD: We systematically reviewed evidence for an association between low birth weight and adult depression or psychological distress in the general population by meta-analysis. We searched EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and ISI Web of Science for studies reporting observational data with low birth weight as the exposure and self- or clinician-rated depression or psychological distress measures as an outcome. Selective studies of exposures such as famine or outcomes such as severe illness only were excluded. Altogether,1454 studies were screened for relevance, 26 were included in the qualitative synthesis, 18 were included in the meta-analysis. A random effects meta-analysis method was used to obtain a pooled estimate of effect size. RESULTS: The odds of depression or psychological distress was greater for those of low birth weight (<2500 g) compared to those of normal birth weight (>2500 g) or greater [odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.00-1.32]. However, this association became non-significant after trim-and-fill correction for publication bias (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.92-1.27). Using meta-regression, no differences in effect size were observed by gender, outcome measure of depression or psychological distress, or whether the effect size was adjusted for possible confounders. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence to support a weak association between low birth weight and later depression or psychological distress, which may be due to publication bias. It remains possible that the association may vary according to severity of symptoms or other factors.

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Farid O, Shih K, Lee WE, Yamana Het al., 2013, Fukushima: The current situation and future plans, RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CONTAMINATED SITE CLEAN-UP: PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE, Pages: 744-771, ISSN: 2044-9364

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• Citations: 11

Fan Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Ren G, Lee WEet al., 2013, China: experience of radioactive waste (RAW) management, RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CONTAMINATED SITE CLEAN-UP: PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE, Pages: 697-722, ISSN: 2044-9372

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• Citations: 4

Jantzen CM, Lee WE, Ojovan MI, 2013, Radioactive waste (RAW) conditioning, immobilization, and encapsulation processes and technologies: overview and advances, RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CONTAMINATED SITE CLEAN-UP: PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE, Pages: 171-272, ISSN: 2044-9372

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• Citations: 30

Lee WE, Jovan MIO, 2013, Fundamentals of radioactive waste (RAW): science, sources, classification and management strategies, RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CONTAMINATED SITE CLEAN-UP: PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE, Pages: 3-49, ISSN: 2044-9372

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• Citations: 5

Lee W, 2012, Where next for rigorous CAM research?, Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies, Vol: 17, Pages: 211-215, ISSN: 1465-3753

The purpose of CAM research is to inform clinical CAM practice but often developments in knowledge do not translate into practice. I make three suggestions for how this situation may be improved: First, carrying out different types of study; second, enhancing dissemination; third, improving engagement. Because of the weight of prior evidence, the best interpretation of even a well-conducted positive trial of a gravely implausible CAM modality is to invoke chance. Thus no clinical trial could ever provide adequate evidence for such a modality. A way out of this problem is not to test treatment modalities for individual indications, but to test predictions of the theories of these modalities at the point at which they diverge from mainstream knowledge. Testing of this 'basic science of CAM' is likely to be easier, cheaper and have a larger explanatory footprint than clinical studies. Better dissemination of results can only improve the chances of research findings influencing practice, both directly by reaching practitioners, but also by reaching clients and commissioners. Suggested models include open access publishing and open data, as well as thorough use of the old and new media. Over the long term, better population health may be found through better science literacy, and the place to start is with outreach programmes in schools. In conclusion, I describe some threats and opportunities for the future and express my optimism that ineffective treatments will disappear to be replaced by effective variants which will be incorporated into evidence-based clinical practice. © 2012 The Author. FACT © 2012 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.

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• Citations: 1

Cui B, Jayaseelan DD, Lee WE, 2012, TEM study of the early stages of Ti₂AlC oxidation at 900 °C, SCRIPTA MATERIALIA, Vol: 67, Pages: 830-833, ISSN: 1359-6462

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• Citations: 25

Nelson S, Lee W, Albert JM, Singer LTet al., 2012, Early Maternal Psychosocial Factors Are Predictors for Adolescent Caries, JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH, Vol: 91, Pages: 859-864, ISSN: 0022-0345

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• Citations: 19

Zhang S, Jayaseelan DD, Li ZS, Lee WEet al., 2012, Molten salt synthesis of ceramic materials, EUCHEM conference on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids

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Li Z, Zhang S, Lee WE, 2012, Molten Salt Synthesis of LaA1O3 Powder at Low Temperatures, Pages: 219-228

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Acosta C, Ashraph M, Bainton J, Baird D, Banham L, Barnes A, Biddle C, Chakrabarti S, Davis K, Dixon T, Donocik J, Dorrington S, Firdosi M, Fok M, Garrett C, Gavaghan L, Goel V, Goldacre B, Goudaman S, Gregory J, Harding D, Harrison S, Hathway J, Hecker J, Hillier B, Hume D, Humphreys R, Hunt E, Huntley J, Karmelic NC, Kasparek A, Lavender T, Lee W, Levick K, Lines G, Loftus V, Murphy CL, MacManus D, Marriot R, McClelland I, McMullen I, McNeillis B, Mishra A, Mondelli V, Moghaby O, Morelli A, Mueller C, Murad O, Nelson D, Nicholson T, Nyame S, Paspali A, Pavlidou A, Pollak T, Polling C, Posporelis S, Price A, Quinn J, Rane L, Rawala M, Sainz-Fuertes R, Shields G, Singh P, Stringer S, Thomson A, Tulloch A, Walker-Tilley T, Wojcik W, Wood F, Zoumpouli Aet al., 2012, Royal College examination fees surplus, Psychiatrist, Vol: 36, Pages: 273-274, ISSN: 1758-3209

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• Citations: 2

Hayes RD, Lee W, Rayner L, Price A, Monroe B, Hansford P, Sykes N, Hotopf Met al., 2012, Gender differences in prevalence of depression among patients receiving palliative care: the role of dependency., Palliat Med, Vol: 26, Pages: 696-702

BACKGROUND: in community studies the prevalence of depression is higher in women than men; however, in palliative care settings this relationship is usually less strong, absent or reversed. AIM: to identify reasons for excess depression among men receiving palliative care. DESIGN: cross-sectional study. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: we interviewed 300 patients recruited from a large hospice in South East London. Depression was measured using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorder. RESULTS: the higher prevalence of depression among men was not explained by a higher prevalence of particular types of cancer nor confounding by other covariates. Possible effect modifiers were examined. Depending on others for help with basic tasks (eating, dressing, washing or using the toilet) was a risk factor for depression in men only, with 37.8% of dependent men being depressed compared to 2.4% of similarly affected women (OR = 24.3, 3.1-193.2, p = 0.003). We observed a dose-response effect between the level of dependency and depression in men (p for trend = 0.01). CONCLUSION: depending on others for help with basic tasks appears to contribute to the burden of depression among men with terminal illness. This gender-specific association may explain why the usual gender differences in depression prevalence are not observed in palliative care.

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Goodwin L, Lee W, Price A, Rayner L, Monroe B, Sykes N, Hansford P, Higginson IJ, Hotopf Met al., 2012, Predictors of non-remission of depression in a palliative care population., Palliat Med, Vol: 26, Pages: 683-695

BACKGROUND: Prospective studies of depression in palliative care are rare. Two studies that examine depression prospectively in patients with advanced disease have not looked at predictors of remission. AIMS: to explore prospective predictors of non-remission of depression in palliative care. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The study design comprised two data collections: initial assessment on referral to a palliative care service in South London, UK, and a four-week follow-up. Seventy six participants met the criteria for 'any depressive syndrome' at the time 1 assessment, using the PRIME-MD, who also participated at time 2. The outcome measure was remission (N = 39) or non-remission (N = 37) of depression by time 2. RESULTS: The findings showed that reporting low social support from family and friends at time of referral was the most powerful risk factor for non-remission. There was also a strong association between improved physical symptoms, from time 1 to 2, and remission of depression. CONCLUSIONS: This study in palliative care is the first of which we are aware to explore factors associated with non-remission of depression. Depressed patients identified with low social support on referral to palliative care services might particularly benefit from additional psychosocial care in the treatment of their depression. This study provides evidence that effective physical symptom management in palliative care may be a valuable intervention for depressive symptoms.

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Gregory J, Lee WE, Tulloch AD, Dutta R, Wessely Set al., 2012, Implementation of the "safety first" recommendations and suicide rates, LANCET, Vol: 379, Pages: 2337-2337, ISSN: 0140-6736

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Price A, Goodwin L, Rayner L, Shaw E, Hansford P, Sykes N, Monroe B, Higginson I, Hotopf M, Lee Wet al., 2012, Illness perceptions, adjustment to illness, and depression in a palliative care population., J Pain Symptom Manage, Vol: 43, Pages: 819-832

CONTEXT: Representations of illness have been studied in several populations, but research is limited in palliative care. OBJECTIVES: To describe illness representations in a population with advanced disease receiving palliative care and to examine the relationship between illness perceptions, adaptive coping, and depression. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 301 consecutive eligible patients recruited from a palliative care service in south London, U.K. Measures used included the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ), the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) Scale, and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire-9. RESULTS: Scores were not normally distributed for most questions on the Brief IPQ. The correlations found between items on the Brief IPQ were understandable in the context of advanced disease. MAC helplessness-hopelessness and fighting spirit were highly correlated with items on the Brief IPQ in opposite directions. The Brief IPQ domains of consequences, identity, concern, personal control, and emotion were associated with depression, a relationship that was not explained by adaptive coping. Seven causal attribution themes were identified: don't know, personal responsibility, exposure, pathological process, intrinsic personal factors, chance, fate or luck, and other. Both lung cancer diagnosis and gender were found to be independently associated with personal responsibility attribution. None of the attribution themes were associated with the presence of depression. CONCLUSION: Assessment of illness perceptions in palliative care is likely to yield important information about risk of depression and will help clinicians to personalize management of advanced disease.

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Hernandez V, Albini T, Lee W, Rowaan C, Nankivil D, Arrieta E, Parel J-Met al., 2012, A portable, contact animal fundus imaging system based on Rol's GRIN lenses, VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY, Vol: 15, Pages: 141-144, ISSN: 1463-5216

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• Citations: 1

Ye J, Zhang S, Lee WE, 2012, Novel low temperature synthesis and characterisation of hollow silicon carbide spheres, MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS, Vol: 152, Pages: 25-30, ISSN: 1387-1811

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• Citations: 41

Jayaseelan DD, Zapata-Solvas E, Brown P, Lee WEet al., 2012, <i>In situ</i> Formation of Oxidation Resistant Refractory Coatings on SiC-Reinforced ZrB₂ Ultra High Temperature Ceramics, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Vol: 95, Pages: 1247-1254, ISSN: 0002-7820

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• Citations: 63