Publications
33 results found
Gillon R, Boyd K, Brazier M, et al., 2019, Guest editorial: a tribute to the Very Reverend Edward Shotter (FCMME), JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS, Vol: 45, Pages: 629-630, ISSN: 0306-6800
Kerr M, Barron E, Chadwick P, et al., 2019, The cost of diabetic foot ulcers and amputations to the National Health Service in England, Diabetic Medicine, Vol: 36, Pages: 995-1002, ISSN: 0742-3071
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim</jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the healthcare costs of diabetic foot disease in England.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Patient‐level data sets at a national and local level, and evidence from clinical studies, were used to estimate the annual cost of health care for foot ulceration and amputation in people with diabetes in England in 2014–2015.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The cost of health care for ulceration and amputation in diabetes in 2014–2015 is estimated at between £837 million and £962 million; 0.8% to 0.9% of the National Health Service (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NHS</jats:styled-content>) budget for England. More than 90% of expenditure was related to ulceration, and 60% was for care in community, outpatient and primary settings. For inpatients, multiple regression analysis suggested that ulceration was associated with a length of stay 8.04 days longer (95% confidence interval 7.65 to 8.42) than that for diabetes admissions without ulceration.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic foot care accounts for a substantial proportion of healthcare expenditure in England, more than the combined cost of breast, prostate and lung cancers. Much of this expenditure arises through prolonged and severe ulceration. If the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NHS</jats:styled-content> were to reduce the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers in England by one‐third, the gross annual saving would be more than £250 million. Diabetic foot ulceration is a large and growing problem globally, and it is likely that there is potential to improve outcomes and reduce expen
Kong WM, Knight S, 2017, Bridging the education-action gap: a near-peer case-based undergraduate ethics teaching programme, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS, Vol: 43, Pages: 692-696, ISSN: 0306-6800
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- Citations: 9
Kong WM, 2015, What is good medical ethics? A clinician's perspective, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS, Vol: 41, Pages: 79-82, ISSN: 0306-6800
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- Citations: 5
Kong WM, Vernon B, 2013, Harnessing the LMG legacy: the IME's vision for the future, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS, Vol: 39, Pages: 669-671, ISSN: 0306-6800
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- Citations: 5
Parekh R, Beaconsfield T, Kong WM, 2012, A woman with neck pain and shortness of breath, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 345, ISSN: 1756-1833
Kong WM, Vernon B, Boyd K, et al., 2011, Include medical ethics in the Research Excellence Framework, BMJ: British Medical Journal, Vol: 343, Pages: d3968-d3968
Preston-Shoot M, McKimm J, Kong WM, et al., 2011, Readiness for legally literate medical practice? Student perceptions of their undergraduate medico-legal education., Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol: 37, Pages: 616-622
Kong WM, Richardson J, 2010, Patient Autonomy and Patient Ethics, Publisher: Department of Health Foundation eLearning project
Kong WM, Richardson J, 2010, Vulnerable Patients and Patient Abuse, Publisher: Department of health Foundation elearning project
Kong WM, Richardson J, 2010, Confidentiality and Privacy, Publisher: Department of health Foundatuion eLearning Project
Smith KL, Gardiner JV, Ward HL, et al., 2008, Overexpression of CART in the PVN increases food intake and weight gain in rats, OBESITY, Vol: 16, Pages: 2239-2244, ISSN: 1930-7381
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- Citations: 35
Raby A, Car J, Kong WM, 2008, Type 2 diabetes: follow up., London J Prim Care (Abingdon), Vol: 1, Pages: 10-11, ISSN: 1757-1472
A 41 year old accountant recently registered with your practice. His registration health check indicates: BMI 31, BP 150/95, urine 1 + of glucose, no protein, smoker of 15 cigarettes daily. He has had diabetes for seven years and is taking Metformin 500 mg four times daily. It has been over a year since he last saw a doctor and he has now come to see you to obtain a prescription for medication.
Martin NM, Small CJ, Lee JL, et al., 2007, Low-dose oral tri-iodothyronine does not directly increase food intake in man, DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Vol: 9, Pages: 435-437, ISSN: 1462-8902
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- Citations: 3
Bishop CL, Ramalho M, Nadkarni N, et al., 2006, Role for centromeric heterochrornatin and PML nuclear bodies in the cellular response to foreign DNA, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, Vol: 26, Pages: 2583-2594, ISSN: 0270-7306
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- Citations: 31
Bewick GA, Dhillo WS, Darch SJ, et al., 2005, Hypothalamic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons coexpress the NOP1 receptor and nociceptin alters CART and AgRP release, ENDOCRINOLOGY, Vol: 146, Pages: 3526-3534, ISSN: 0013-7227
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- Citations: 36
Kong WM, 2005, Legitimate requests and indecent proposals: matters of justice in the ethical assessment of phase I trials involving competent patients., Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol: 31, Pages: 205-208
Gardiner JV, Kong WM, Ward H, et al., 2005, AAV mediated expression of anti-sense neuropeptide Y cRNA in the arcuate nucleus of rats results in decreased weight gain and food intake, Biochemical and Biophysical research Communications, Vol: 327, Pages: 1088-1093
Kong WM, 2004, The Regulation of Gene Therapy Research In Competent Adult Patients, Today And Tomorrow: Implications Of EU Directive 2001/20/EC, Medical Law Review, Vol: 12, Pages: 164-180, ISSN: 0967-0742
Stanley SA, Murphy KG, Bewick GA, et al., 2004, Regulation of rat pituitary cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) by CRH and glucocorticoids, American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol: 287, Pages: E583-E590
Kong WM, 2004, The regulation of gene therapy research in competent adult patients, today and tomorrow: implications of EU Directive 2001/20/EC., Med Law Rev, Vol: 12, Pages: 164-180, ISSN: 0967-0742
Kong WM, Martin N, Smith K, et al., 2004, Triiodothyronine stimulates food intake via the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus independent of changes in energy expenditure, Endocrinology, Vol: 145, Pages: 5252-5258
le Roux CW, Chapman GA, Kong WM, et al., 2003, Free cortisol index is better than serum total cortisol in determining hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal status in patients undergoing surgery, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, Vol: 88, Pages: 2045-2048, ISSN: 0021-972X
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- Citations: 101
Kong WM, Stanley S, Gardiner J, et al., 2003, A role for arcuate cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript in hyperphagia, thermogenesis, and cold adaptation., The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Vol: 17, Pages: 1688-1690
We have recently shown that injection of the hypothalamic peptide cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) into discrete hypothalamic nuclei stimulates food intake. This stimulation was particularly marked in the arcuate nucleus. Here we show that twice daily intra-arcuate injection of 0.2 nmole CART peptide for 7 days was associated with a 60% higher daytime food intake, an 85% higher thermogenic response to the beta3 agonist BRL 35135, and a 60% increase in brown adipose tissue UCP-1 mRNA. In a separate study, using stereotactically targeted gene transfer, a CART transgene was delivered by using polyethylenimine to the arcuate nucleus of adult rats. Food intake was increased significantly during ad libitum feeding and following periods of food withdrawal and food restriction in CART over-expressing animals. CART over-expressing animals lost 12% more weight than controls following a 24-h fast. Brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) mRNA levels (collected Day 25) were 80% higher in CART over-expressing animals. Finally, by using quantitative in situ hybridization, we found that chronic cold exposure (20 days at 4oC) increased arcuate nucleus CART mRNA by 124%. Together with the orexigenic and thermogenic effects of CART, this finding suggests a role for arcuate nucleus CART in cold adaptation.
Kong WM, Stanley S, Gardiner J, et al., 2003, A role for arcuate cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript in hyperphagia, thermogenesis, and cold adaptation., FASEB J, Vol: 15, Pages: 1688-1690
Ward H, Gardiner J, Kong WM, et al., 2003, Distribution of fluorescence following injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding green fluorescent protein into the paraventricular nucleus, Neuroendocrinology, Vol: 77, Pages: 100-104
le Roux CW, Sivakumaran S, Alaghband-Zadeh J, et al., 2002, Free cortisol index as a surrogate marker for serum free cortisol, ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, Vol: 39, Pages: 406-408, ISSN: 0004-5632
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- Citations: 72
Kong WM, Sheikh MH, Lumb PJ, et al., 2002, A 6-month Randomized trial of thyroxine treatment in women with mild subclinical hypothyroidism, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, Vol: 112, Pages: 348-354, ISSN: 0002-9343
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- Citations: 163
Dhillo WS, Kong WM, Le Roux CW, et al., 2002, Cortisol-binding globulin is important in the interpretation of dynamic tests of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, Vol: 146, Pages: 231-235, ISSN: 0804-4643
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- Citations: 64
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