Publications
162 results found
Scholz J-R, Widmer-Schnidrig R, Davis P, et al., 2020, Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars, EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE, Vol: 7
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- Citations: 64
McClean JB, Merrison JP, Iversen JJ, et al., 2020, Filtration of simulated Martian atmosphere for in-situ oxygen production, PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE, Vol: 191, ISSN: 0032-0633
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- Citations: 3
Golombek M, Kass D, Williams N, et al., 2020, Assessment of InSight Landing Site Predictions, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS, Vol: 125, ISSN: 2169-9097
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- Citations: 29
Weitz CM, Grant JA, Golombek MP, et al., 2020, Comparison of InSight <i>Homestead</i> Hollow to Hollows at the Spirit Landing Site, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS, Vol: 125, ISSN: 2169-9097
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- Citations: 9
Grant JA, Warner NH, Weitz CM, et al., 2020, Degradation of <i>Homestead Hollow</i> at the <i>InSight</i> Landing Site Based on the Distribution and Properties of Local Deposits, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS, Vol: 125, ISSN: 2169-9097
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- Citations: 16
Panning MP, Pike WT, Lognonne P, et al., 2020, On-Deck Seismology: Lessons from InSight for Future Planetary Seismology, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS, Vol: 125, ISSN: 2169-9097
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- Citations: 26
Pike WT, Saini V, 2020, An international comparison of the second derivative of COVID-19 deaths after implementation of social distancing measures
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This work compares deaths for confirmed COVID-19 cases in China to eight other countries, Italy, Spain, France, USA, UK, Germany, Netherlands and South Korea. After implementing varying intensities and timing of social distancing measures, several appear to be converging onto the decline in the daily growth rate of deaths, or relative second derivative of total deaths, seen in China after the implementation an aggressive social distancing policy. By calculating future trajectories in these countries based on the observed Chinese fatality statistics, an estimate of the total deaths and maximum daily death rates over a defined period of time is made. Our lower bound estimate for the United Kingdom based on the real data approximates the lower bound estimate of the recent modelling study of Ferguson et al. [1]. These results suggest there may be a threshold of effective public health intervention. Our method of viewing the data may be helpful in monitoring the course of the epidemic, judging the effectiveness of implementation, and monitoring the relaxation of social distancing.</jats:p>
Pike WT, Banerdt W, Smrekar S, et al., 2020, Results From the Insight Mission After a Year and a Half on Mars
<jats:p> &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The InSight mission landed on Mars in November of 2018 and completed installation of a seismometer (SEIS) on the surface about two months later. In addition to SEIS, InSight carries a diverse geophysical observatory including a heat flow and sub-surface physical properties experiment (HP3), a geodesy (planetary rotation dynamics) experiment (RISE), and a suite of environmental sensors measuring the magnetic field and atmospheric temperature, pressure and wind (APSS). For more than a year, SEIS has been providing near-continuous seismic monitoring of Mars, with background noise levels orders of magnitude lower than that achievable on the Earth. Since installation was completed, the SEIS team has identified more than 400 events that we have not attributed to the local environment or spacecraft activity, and dozens that appear to be marsquakes of tectonic origin. We present an overview of observations by the SEIS instrument as well as a summary of other geophysical observations made by InSight during the past year and a half.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; </jats:p>
Stähler SC, Knapmeyer M, Giardini D, et al., 2020, Seismic activity rate of Mars, based on 420 Sols of InSight data
<jats:p> &lt;p&gt;We present an updated estimate of the seismic activity rate of Mars after seven months of high-quality recording of the InSight SEIS instrument. The instrument has been deployed fully on Sol 60 (February 2, 2019) and has been recording with excellent performance since then. The first distant marsquake was observed on Sol 105 (March 14), the first local event on Sol 128 (April 7). From then until early January 2020 (Sol 400), 23 likely events and another 13 candidate events have been observed. Due to a strong diurnal variation in background noise and the generally low magnitude of the activity (compared to Earth), events have been observed only in few low-noise periods of the day. The change of seasons varied the duration of these low-noise periods over the mission, with a magnitude and time-dependent effect on detectability of events and the quantitative estimation of event rates and moment release.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We present a statistical analysis of the global seismic activity level based on a preliminary seismic magnitude model, weighted by the temporal evolution of the ambient noise over half a Martian year. The resulting number of events smaller magnitude 3 is roughly consistent with the pre-mission estimate of Golombek (1992) and the medium model of Knapmeyer et al. (2006), however, as of now, there is a statistically significant lack of events above magnitude 3.5. This hints at a distribution that is skewed towards smaller events, compared to terrestrial global averages.&lt;/p&gt; </jats:p>
Charalambous C, Baker M, Golombek M, et al., 2020, Aeolian Changes at the Insight Landing Site on Mars: Multi-instrument Observations
<jats:p> &lt;p&gt;The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission landed in western Elysium Planitia on November 26, 2018. Because of its stationary position and a multi-instrument package, InSight offers the unique opportunity of detecting changes induced by aeolian activity and constraining the atmospheric conditions responsible for particle motion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, we present the most significant changes from aeolian activity as detected by the InSight lander during its first 400 Martian days of operations. We will show that particle entrainment by wind activity around InSight is a subtle process and report simultaneous measurements observed across multiple instruments. The changes observed are episodic and are seen correlated with excursions in both seismic and magnetic signals, which will be discussed further. Our observations show that all aeolian movements are consistent with the passage of deep convective vortices between noon to 3 pm local time. These vortices may be the primary initiators for aeolian transportation at InSight, inducing episodic particulate motion of grains up to 3 mm in diameter.&lt;/p&gt; </jats:p>
Giardini D, Lognonne P, Banerdt WB, et al., 2020, The seismicity of Mars, NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 13, Pages: 205-+, ISSN: 1752-0894
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- Citations: 170
Banfield D, Spiga A, Newman C, et al., 2020, The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight, NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 13, Pages: 190-+, ISSN: 1752-0894
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- Citations: 147
Lognonne P, Banerdt WB, Pike WT, et al., 2020, Constraints on the shallow elastic and anelastic structure of Mars from InSight seismic data, NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 13, Pages: 213-+, ISSN: 1752-0894
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- Citations: 181
Golombek M, Warner NH, Grant JA, et al., 2020, Geology of the InSight landing site on Mars, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2041-1723
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- Citations: 102
Banerdt WB, Smrekar SE, Banfield D, et al., 2020, Initial results from the InSight mission on Mars, Nature Geoscience, Vol: 13, Pages: 183-189, ISSN: 1752-0894
NASA’s InSight (Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission landed in Elysium Planitia on Mars on 26 November 2018. It aims to determine the interior structure, composition and thermal state of Mars, as well as constrain present-day seismicity and impact cratering rates. Such information is key to understanding the differentiation and subsequent thermal evolution of Mars, and thus the forces that shape the planet’s surface geology and volatile processes. Here we report an overview of the first ten months of geophysical observations by InSight. As of 30 September 2019, 174 seismic events have been recorded by the lander’s seismometer, including over 20 events of moment magnitude Mw = 3–4. The detections thus far are consistent with tectonic origins, with no impact-induced seismicity yet observed, and indicate a seismically active planet. An assessment of these detections suggests that the frequency of global seismic events below approximately Mw = 3 is similar to that of terrestrial intraplate seismic activity, but there are fewer larger quakes; no quakes exceeding Mw = 4 have been observed. The lander’s other instruments—two cameras, atmospheric pressure, temperature and wind sensors, a magnetometer and a radiometer—have yielded much more than the intended supporting data for seismometer noise characterization: magnetic field measurements indicate a local magnetic field that is ten-times stronger than orbital estimates and meteorological measurements reveal a more dynamic atmosphere than expected, hosting baroclinic and gravity waves and convective vortices. With the mission due to last for an entire Martian year or longer, these results will be built on by further measurements by the InSight lander.
Liu H, Pike WT, Charalambous C, et al., 2019, Passive Method for Reducing Temperature Sensitivity of a Microelectromechanical Seismic Accelerometer for Marsquake Monitoring Below 1 Nano-<i>g</i>, PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2331-7019
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- Citations: 12
Sollberger D, Garcia R, Giardini D, et al., 2019, Sparse Reconstruction of Aliased Seismic Signals Recorded during the Insight Mars Mission, Pages: 376-380
The NASA InSight lander successfully placed a seismometer on the surface of Mars. Alongside, a hammering device was deployed that penetrated into the ground to attempt the first measurements of the planetary heat flow of Mars. The hammering generated repeated seismic signals that were registered by the seismometer. These signals can potentially be used to image the shallow subsurface just below the lander. However, the frequencies excited by the hammering probe widely exceed the Nyquist frequency dictated by the seis-mometer's sampling rate. Here, we propose an algorithm to reconstruct the seismic signals beyond the classical sampling theorem. We exploit the structure in the data due to thousands of repeated, only gradually varying hammering signals as the heat probe slowly penetrates into the ground. This allows us to reconstruct signals by enforcing a sparsity constraint in a modified Radon transform domain.
Brinkman N, Schmelzbach C, Sollberger D, et al., 2019, The first active seismic experiment on Mars to characterize the shallow subsurface structure at the InSight landing site, Pages: 4756-4760, ISSN: 1052-3812
In November 2018, the InSight lander successfully touched down in the Elysium Planitia plain on Mars. Since then, two scientific instruments were deployed directly onto the surface of Mars: (1) SEIS, a package consisting of two three-component seismic sensors and (2) HP3, the heat flow and physical properties package. HP3 includes a self-hammering penetrator (mole) that hammers itself into the subsurface of Mars to a maximum depth of five meters. The mole hammering generates seismic signals that are recorded by SEIS and can be used to image the shallow subsurface just below the landing site. Even though not included in the level-one mission’s objectives, this opportunistic seismic experiment is, to the best of our knowledge, the first active seismic experiment ever conducted on a different planet. Here, we discuss the most important aspects of the implementations of this opportunistic experiment.
Banfield D, Spiga A, Newman C, et al., 2019, Mars Atmospheric Science from NASA’s InSight Lander, Ninth International Conference on Mars
Warren T, Pike WT, Stott AE, et al., 2019, InSight Short Period Seismometers Detection of Dust Devils on Mars
McClean JB, Pike WT, Charalambous C, et al., 2019, Operation of the InSight Short Period (SP) Seismometers During Cruise
Panning MP, Pike WT, Lognonné P, et al., 2019, InSight Lessons on Science Potential from On-Deck Operation of a Broadband Seismometer
Teanby NA, Myhill R, Horleston A, et al., 2019, Seismic Noise Polarization as a Measure of Wind Direction and Speed by Correlating InSight SEIS/APSS Observations on Mars
de Raucourt S, Lognonné P, Robert O, et al., 2019, The Very Broad Band Sensor of SEIS/InSight: Validation from Cruise to Mars Ground
Murdoch N, Lorenz R, Spiga A, et al., 2019, Predicting the Meteorological and Seismic Signals of Martian Dust-Devil Vortices as Observed on the InSight Lander
Lognonne P, Banerdt WB, Giardini D, et al., 2019, SEIS: insight's seismic experiment for internal structure of Mars, Space Science Reviews, Vol: 215, ISSN: 0038-6308
By the end of 2018, 42 years after the landing of the two Viking seismometers on Mars, InSight will deploy onto Mars’ surface the SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) instrument; a six-axes seismometer equipped with both a long-period three-axes Very Broad Band (VBB) instrument and a three-axes short-period (SP) instrument. These six sensors will cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 Hz to 50 Hz, with possible extension to longer periods. Data will be transmitted in the form of three continuous VBB components at 2 sample per second (sps), an estimation of the short period energy content from the SP at 1 sps and a continuous compound VBB/SP vertical axis at 10 sps. The continuous streams will be augmented by requested event data with sample rates from 20 to 100 sps. SEIS will improve upon the existing resolution of Viking’s Mars seismic monitoring by a factor of ∼2500 at 1 Hz and ∼200000 at 0.1 Hz. An additional major improvement is that, contrary to Viking, the seismometers will be deployed via a robotic arm directly onto Mars’ surface and will be protected against temperature and wind by highly efficient thermal and wind shielding. Based on existing knowledge of Mars, it is reasonable to infer a moment magnitude detection threshold of Mw∼3 at 40∘ epicentral distance and a potential to detect several tens of quakes and about five impacts per year. In this paper, we first describe the science goals of the experiment and the rationale used to define its requirements. We then provide a detailed description of the hardware, from the sensors to the deployment system and associated performance, including transfer functions of the seismic sensors and temperature sensors. We conclude by describing the experiment ground segment, including data processing services, outreach and education networks and provide a description of the format to be used for future data distribution.
Lognonné P, Banerdt WB, Pike WT, et al., 2019, SEIS: Overview, Deployment and First Science on the Ground, 50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
Pike WT, Lognonné P, Banerdt WB, et al., 2019, Results from the Short-Period (SP) Seismometers on the Mars InSight Mission: from Launch to Sol 40, 50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
Fayon L, Knapmeyer-Endrun B, Lognonne P, et al., 2018, A Numerical Model of the SEIS Leveling System Transfer Matrix and Resonances: Application to SEIS Rotational Seismology and Dynamic Ground Interaction, SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 214, ISSN: 0038-6308
Stott AE, Charalambous C, Warren TJ, et al., 2018, Full-band signal extraction from sensors in extreme environments: the NASA InSight microseismometer, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol: 18, Pages: 9382-9392, ISSN: 1530-437X
Physically meaningful signal extraction from sensors deployed in extreme environments requires a combination of attenuation of confounding inputs and the removal of their residual using decorrelation techniques. In space applications where the resources for physical attenuation are limited, there is a necessity to apply the most effective post-processing analysis available. This paper describes the extraction of the seismic signal from an MEMS microseismometer to be deployed on the surface of Mars. The signal processing, which covers the full bandwidth 1 × 10 -5 Hz to 40 Hz, uses a novel application of sensor fusion through an indirect Kalman Filter in combination with a thermal model of the microseismometer to remove the aseismic contribution of temperature over the frequency range. Owing to the full-band decorrelation, the analysis (based on pre-landing testing in analogous scenarios) produces both a characterization of the microseismomter and a signal processing approach for information retrieval on Mars, along with other planetary and terrestrial planetary deployments.
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