Publications
297 results found
Gu B, Adjiman C, Xu Y, 2014, An integrated model of a spiral-wound membrane module for reverse osmosis considering the effects of winding and spacers, Pages: 566-568
Liu C, Krishnan J, Xu X-Y, 2013, Towards an integrated systems-based modelling framework for drug transport and its effect on tumour cells, Journal of Biological Engineering
Kousera CA, Nijjer SS, Torii R, et al., 2013, Optical Coherence Tomography can be combined with angiography to create highly accurate patient-specific models of human coronary anatomy in a rapid automated manner, 25th Annual Symposium on Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics (TCT), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: B195-B195, ISSN: 0735-1097
Kousera CA, Nijjer SS, Torii R, et al., 2013, Patient-specific Coronary Stenoses Can Be Modeled Using a Combination of Optical Coherence Tomography and Flow Velocities to Accurately Predict Hyperaemic Pressure Gradients, 25th Annual Symposium on Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics (TCT), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: B186-B186, ISSN: 0735-1097
Lattimer CR, Azzam M, Kalodiki E, et al., 2013, Hemodynamic changes in the femoral vein with increasing outflow resistance, Journal of Vascular Surgery, Vol: 2, Pages: 26-33, ISSN: 1097-6809
Zhang X, Luckham PF, Hughes AD, et al., 2013, Towards an understanding of the release behavior of temperature-sensitive liposomes: a possible explanation of the "pseudoequilibrium'' release behavior at the phase transition temperature, JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH, Vol: 23, Pages: 167-173, ISSN: 0898-2104
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- Citations: 8
Torii R, Kalantzi M, Theodoropoulos S, et al., 2013, Predicting Impending Rupture of the Ascending Aorta With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Spatiotemporal Flow and Wall Shear Stress, JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING, Vol: 6, Pages: 1017-1019, ISSN: 1936-878X
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- Citations: 9
Moraldo M, Bergamini C, Malaweera ASN, et al., 2013, A novel fully automated method for mitral regurgitant orifice area quantification, International Journal of Cardiology, Vol: 166, Pages: 688-695, ISSN: 1874-1754
Background: Effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) in mitral regurgitation (MR) is difficult to quantify.Clinically it is measured using the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method, which is intrinsicallynot automatable, because it requires the operator to manually identify the mitral valve orifice. We introducea new fully automated algorithm, (“AQURO”), which calculates EROA directly from echocardiographic colourM-mode data, without requiring operator input.Methods: Multiple PISA measurements were compared to multiple AQURO measurements in twenty patientswith MR. For PISA analysis, three mutually blinded observers measured EROA from the four stored videoloops. For AQURO analysis, the software automatically processed the colour M-mode datasets and analysedthe velocity field in the flow-convergence zone to extract EROA directly without any requirement for manualradius measurement.Results: Reproducibility, measured by intraclass correlation (ICC), for PISA was 0.80, 0.83 and 0.83 (for 3 observersrespectively). Reproducibility for AQURO was 0.97. Agreement between replicate measurements calculatedusing Bland-Altman standard deviation of difference (SDD) was 21,17 and 17mm2for the threerespective observers viewing independent video loops using PISA. Agreement between replicate measurementsfor AQURO was 6, 5 and 7mm2for automated analysis of the three pairs of datasets.Conclusions: By eliminating the need to identify the orifice location, AQURO avoids an important source ofmeasurement variability. Compared with PISA, it also reduces the analysis time allowing analysis and averagingof data from significantly more beats, improving the consistency of EROA quantification.AQURO, being fully automated, is a simple, effective enhancement for EROA quantification using standardechocardiographic equipment.
Zhan W, Gedroyc W, Xu X, 2013, Computational Study of Drug Transport in Realistic Models of Solid Tumour, Mathways into Cancer II
Wang Y, Downie S, Wood N, et al., 2013, Finite element analysis of the deformation of deep veins in the lower limb under external compression, MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS, Vol: 35, Pages: 515-523, ISSN: 1350-4533
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- Citations: 12
Cheng Z, Riga C, Chan J, et al., 2013, Initial findings and potential applicability of computational simulation of the aorta in acute type B dissection, JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY, Vol: 57, Pages: 35S-43S, ISSN: 0741-5214
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- Citations: 65
Kousera CA, Wood NB, Seed WA, et al., 2013, A Numerical Study of Aortic Flow Stability and Comparison With <i>In</i> <i>Vivo</i> Flow Measurements, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol: 135, ISSN: 0148-0731
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- Citations: 35
Zhan W, Xu XY, 2013, A mathematical model for thermosensitive liposomal delivery of Doxorubicin to solid tumour., J Drug Deliv, Vol: 2013, ISSN: 2090-3014
The effectiveness of anticancer treatments is often hampered by the serious side effects owing to toxicity of anticancer drugs and their undesirable uptake by healthy cells in vivo. Thermosensitive liposome-mediated drug delivery has been developed as part of research efforts aimed at improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing the associated side effect. Since multiple steps are involved in the transport of drug-loaded liposomes, drug release, and its uptake, mathematical models become an indispensible tool to analyse the transport processes and predict the outcome of anticancer treatment. In this study, a computational model is developed which incorporates the key physical and biochemical processes involved in drug delivery and cellular uptake. The model has been applied to idealized tumour geometry, and comparisons are made between continuous infusion of doxorubicin and thermosensitive liposome-mediated delivery. Results show that thermosensitive liposome-mediated delivery performs better in reducing drug concentration in normal tissues, which may help lower the risk of associated side effects. Compared with direct infusion over a 2-hour period, thermosensitive liposome delivery leads to a much higher peak intracellular concentration of doxorubicin, which may increase cell killing in tumour thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect of the drug.
Liu C, Krishnan J, Xu X-Y, 2013, Investigating the effects of ABC-transporter mediated acquired drug resistance mechanisms at the cell and tissue scale, Integrative Biology
Moraldo M, Cecaro F, Shun-Shin M, et al., 2012, Evidence-based recommendations for PISA measurements in mitral regurgitation: systematic review, clinical and in-vitro study, Iinternational Journal of Cardiology
BackgroundGuidelines for quantifying mitral regurgitation (MR) using “proximal isovelocity surface area” (PISA) instruct operators to measure the PISA radius from valve orifice to Doppler flow convergence “hemisphere”. Using clinical data and a physically-constructed MR model we (A) analyse the actually-observed colour Doppler PISA shape and (B) test whether instructions to measure a “hemisphere” are helpful.Methods and resultsIn part A, the true shape of PISA shells was investigated using three separate approaches. First, a systematic review of published examples consistently showed non-hemispherical, “urchinoid” shapes. Second, our clinical data confirmed that the Doppler-visualized surface is non-hemispherical. Third, in-vitro experiments showed that round orifices never produce a colour Doppler hemisphere.In part B, six observers were instructed to measure hemisphere radius rh and (on a second viewing) urchinoid distance (du) in 11 clinical PISA datasets; 6 established experts also measured PISA distance as the gold standard. rh measurements, generated using the hemisphere instruction significantly underestimated expert values (−28%, p<0.0005), meaning rh2 was underestimated by approximately 2-fold. du measurements, generated using the non-hemisphere instruction were less biased (+7%, p=0.03).Finally, frame-to-frame variability in PISA distance was found to have a coefficient of variation (CV) of 25% in patients and 9% in in-vitro data. Beat-to-beat variability had a CV of 15% in patients.ConclusionsDoppler-visualized PISA shells are not hemispherical: we should avoid advising observers to measure a hemispherical radius because it encourages underestimation of orifice area by approximately two-fold. If precision is needed (e.g. to detect changes reliably) multi-frame averaging is essential.
Zhan W, Gedroyc W, Xu X, 2012, Computational Study of Drug Transport in Realistic Models of Solid Tumour, AIChE Annual Conference
Foin N, Sen S, Petraco R, et al., 2012, Investigation of Fractional Flow Reserve Correlation with Direct Anatomical Parameters Using a Percutaneous Model of Coronary Artery Stenosis, Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics (TCT) Symposium, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: B67-B67, ISSN: 0735-1097
Liu X, Fan Y, Xu XY, et al., 2012, Nitric oxide transport in an axisymmetric stenosis, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, Vol: 9, Pages: 2468-2478, ISSN: 1742-5689
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- Citations: 21
Massai D, Soloperto G, Gallo D, et al., 2012, Shear-induced platelet activation and its relationship with blood flow topology in a numerical model of stenosed carotid bifurcation, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS B-FLUIDS, Vol: 35, Pages: 92-101, ISSN: 0997-7546
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- Citations: 25
Paopo I, Xu XY, Mantalaris A, 2012, Differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into type II pneumocytes in a 3D sparged bioreactor, JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, Vol: 6, Pages: 343-343, ISSN: 1932-6254
Torii R, El-Hamamsy I, Donya M, et al., 2012, Integrated morphologic and functional assessment of the aortic root after different tissue valve root replacement procedures, JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, Vol: 143, Pages: 1422-+, ISSN: 0022-5223
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- Citations: 30
Foin N, Torii R, Mortier P, et al., 2012, OPTIMISATION OF RESULTS IN BIFURCATION STENTING: INSIGHTS FROM BENCH MODELS, COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS AND 3D OCT, 61st Annual Scientific Session and Expo of the American-College-of-Cardiology (ACC), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: E87-E87, ISSN: 0735-1097
Prapa S, Mccarthy KP, Kilner PJ, et al., 2012, Biomechanical perspectives of thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve: an integrated analysis, 2nd Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology Council on Basic Cardiovascular Science - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Biology, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Pages: S86-S86, ISSN: 0008-6363
Ma CYJ, Panoskaltsis N, Kumar R, et al., 2012, Simulation of <i>ex vivo</i> bone marrow culture: Application to chronic myeloid leukaemia growth model, BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, Vol: 61, Pages: 66-77, ISSN: 1369-703X
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- Citations: 9
Xu XY, Sun N, Liu D, et al., 2012, Patient-Specific Analysis of Blood Flow and Mass Transport in Small and Large Arteries, Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, Pages: 189-215
Recent advances in medical image-based computational modelling have made it possible for patient-specific analysis of blood flow and mass transport in the circulation. In this chapter, we describe mathematical models for (1) flow and transport of macromolecules in large arteries, and (2) flow and oxygen delivery in an arteriolar network. Detailed examples are given of mass transport in specific cases, including applications to atherosclerotic arteries and microvascular network. The first example shows transport of a large molecule, low-density lipoprotein, in a human right coronary artery with a mild stenosis, whilst the second is about a small dissolved molecule, oxygen, in an abdominal aortic aneurysm illustrating the effect of intraluminal thrombus. Finally, the additional effects of non-Newtonian properties of blood and haemoglobin-bound oxygen on oxygen transport in the retinal arteriolar network of normal and hypertensive subjects are described. Patient-specific geometries obtained by means of a variety of imaging techniques are used in these examples.
Borghi A, Wood NB, Mohiaddin RH, et al., 2012, Computational analysis of flow and stress patterns in patient specific thoracic aortic aneurysm models, Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, Pages: 133-159
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms (TAAs) are associated with low frequency in a given population but high mortality rate. No reliable surgical criterion is available at present but internal wall stress has proved to be more reliable as a predictor of rupture than the maximum diameter in case of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs). However, few studies have been reported on the role of biomechanical factors in the development and rupture of TAAs. This chapter describes a computational mechanics model of TAA based on patient-specific anatomical and flow conditions, acquired from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The model has been applied to five patients with TAAs at different locations of the aorta. The results showed no correlation between peak stress and aneurysm size such as the maximum diameter. The effects of intra-luminal thrombus (ILT) and its mechanical properties on wall stress patterns were investigated. It has been found that the shape, size and location of ILT have a significant effect on wall stress patterns. Peak stress calculated using a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction simulation was similar to that predicted by a static solid simulation, in agreement with previous studies of AAA. The work presented here serves as a first step towards developing a reliable predictive tool to allow improved prognosis and surgical decision making for TAA patients.
Liu D, Wood NB, Witt N, et al., 2012, Assessment of Energy Requirement for the Retinal Arterial Network in Normal and Hypertensive Subjects, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol: 134, ISSN: 0148-0731
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- Citations: 4
Foin N, Toni R, Mortier P, et al., 2012, Kissing Balloon or Sequential Dilation of the Side Branch and Main Vessel for Provisional Stenting of Bifurcations Lessons From Micro-Computed Tomography and Computational Simulations, JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Vol: 5, Pages: 47-56, ISSN: 1936-8798
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- Citations: 88
Wang Y, Pierce I, Gatehouse P, et al., 2012, Analysis of flow and wall shear stress in the peroneal veins under external compression based on real-time MR images, MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS, Vol: 34, Pages: 17-27, ISSN: 1350-4533
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- Citations: 12
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