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  • Journal article
    Murphy RJ, Sumner RL, Godfrey K, Mabidikama A, Roberts RP, Sundram F, Muthukumaraswamy Set al., 2024,

    Multimodal creativity assessments following acute and sustained microdosing of lysergic acid diethylamide

    , PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, ISSN: 0033-3158
  • Journal article
    Kettner H, Roseman L, Gazzaley A, Carhart-Harris RL, Pasquini Let al., 2024,

    Effects of Psychedelics in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

    , Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, Vol: 32, Pages: 1047-1059

    OBJECTIVE: Affective symptoms such as anxiety, low mood, and loneliness are prevalent and highly debilitating symptoms among older adults (OA). Serotonergic psychedelics are currently investigated as novel interventions for affective disorders, yet little is known regarding their effects in OA. We investigated the mental health effects and psychological mechanisms of guided psychedelic group experiences in OA and a matched sample of younger adults (YA). METHODS: Using a prospective observational cohort design, we identified 62 OA (age ≥60 years) and 62 matched YA who completed surveys two weeks before, a day, two weeks, four weeks, and six months after a psychedelic group session. Mixed linear regression analyses were used to investigate longitudinal well-being changes, as well as baseline, acute, and post-acute predictors of change. RESULTS: OA showed post-psychedelic well-being improvements similar to matched YA. Among baseline predictors, presence of a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis was associated with greater well-being increases in OA (B = 6.72, p = .016 at the four-week key-endpoint). Compared to YA, acute subjective psychedelic effects were less intense in OA and did not significantly predict prospective well-being changes. However, relational experiences before and after psychedelic sessions emerged as predictors in OA (r(36) = .37,p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Guided psychedelic group sessions enhance well-being in OA in line with prior naturalistic and controlled studies in YA. Interestingly, acute psychedelic effects in OA are attenuated and less predictive of well-being improvements, with relational experiences related to the group setting playing a more prominent role. Our present findings call for further research on the effects of psychedelics in OA.

  • Journal article
    Martial C, Carhart-Harris R, Timmermann C, 2024,

    Within-subject comparison of near-death and psychedelic experiences: acute and enduring effects

    , NEUROSCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS, Vol: 2024
  • Journal article
    Deco G, Sanz Perl Y, Johnson S, Bourke N, Carhart-Harris RL, Kringelbach MLet al., 2024,

    Different hierarchical reconfigurations in the brain by psilocybin and escitalopram for depression

    , Nature Mental Health, Vol: 2, Pages: 1096-1110

    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Effective interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders may work by rebalancing the brain’s functional hierarchical organization. Here we directly investigated the effects of two different serotonergic pharmacological interventions on functional brain hierarchy in major depressive disorder in a two-arm double-blind phase II randomized controlled trial comparing psilocybin therapy (22 patients) with escitalopram (20 patients). Patients with major depressive disorder received either 2 × 25 mg of oral psilocybin, three weeks apart, plus six weeks of daily placebo (‘psilocybin arm’) or 2 × 1 mg of oral psilocybin, three weeks apart, plus six weeks of daily escitalopram (10–20 mg; ‘escitalopram arm’). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at baseline and three weeks after the second psilocybin dose (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03429075">NCT03429075</jats:ext-link>). The brain mechanisms were captured by generative effective connectivity, estimated from whole-brain modeling of resting state for each session and patient. Hierarchy was determined for each of these sessions using measures of directedness and trophic levels on the effective connectivity, which captures cycle structure, stability and percolation. The results showed that the two pharmacological interventions created significantly different hierarchical reconfigurations of whole-brain dynamics with differential, opposite statistical effect responses. Furthermore, the use of machine learning revealed significant differential reorganization of brain hierarchy before and after the two treatments. Machine learning was also able to predict treatment response with an accuracy of 0.85 &plu

  • Journal article
    Brouwer A, Carhart-Harris RL, Raison CL, 2024,

    Psychotomimetic compensation versus sensitization.

    , Pharmacol Res Perspect, Vol: 12

    It is a paradox that psychotomimetic drugs can relieve symptoms that increase risk of and cooccur with psychosis, such as attention and motivational deficits (e.g., amphetamines), pain (e.g., cannabis) and symptoms of depression (e.g., psychedelics, dissociatives). We introduce the ideas of psychotomimetic compensation and psychotomimetic sensitization to explain this paradox. Psychotomimetic compensation refers to a short-term stressor or drug-induced compensation against stress that is facilitated by engagement of neurotransmitter/modulator systems (endocannabinoid, serotonergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic) that mediate the effects of common psychotomimetic drugs. Psychotomimetic sensitization occurs after repeated exposure to stress and/or drugs and is evidenced by the gradual intensification and increase of psychotic-like experiences over time. Theoretical and practical implications of this model are discussed.

  • Journal article
    Lynskey MT, Thurgur H, Athanasiou-Fragkouli A, Schlag AK, Nutt DJet al., 2024,

    Suicidal Ideation in Medicinal Cannabis Patients: A 12-Month Prospective Study

    , ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH, ISSN: 1381-1118
  • Journal article
    Luppi AI, Mediano PAM, Rosas FE, Allanson J, Pickard J, Carhart-Harris RL, Williams GB, Craig MM, Finoia P, Owen AM, Naci L, Menon DK, Bor D, Stamatakis EAet al., 2024,

    A synergistic workspace for human consciousness revealed by Integrated Information Decomposition

    , eLife, Vol: 12

    <jats:p>How is the information-processing architecture of the human brain organised, and how does its organisation support consciousness? Here, we combine network science and a rigorous information-theoretic notion of synergy to delineate a ‘synergistic global workspace’, comprising gateway regions that gather synergistic information from specialised modules across the human brain. This information is then integrated within the workspace and widely distributed via broadcaster regions. Through functional MRI analysis, we show that gateway regions of the synergistic workspace correspond to the human brain’s default mode network, whereas broadcasters coincide with the executive control network. We find that loss of consciousness due to general anaesthesia or disorders of consciousness corresponds to diminished ability of the synergistic workspace to integrate information, which is restored upon recovery. Thus, loss of consciousness coincides with a breakdown of information integration within the synergistic workspace of the human brain. This work contributes to conceptual and empirical reconciliation between two prominent scientific theories of consciousness, the Global Neuronal Workspace and Integrated Information Theory, while also advancing our understanding of how the human brain supports consciousness through the synergistic integration of information.</jats:p>

  • Journal article
    Siegel JS, Subramanian S, Perry D, Kay BP, Gordon EM, Laumann TO, Reneau TR, Metcalf NV, Chacko RV, Gratton C, Horan C, Krimmel SR, Shimony JS, Schweiger JA, Wong DF, Bender DA, Scheidter KM, Whiting FI, Padawer-Curry JA, Shinohara RT, Chen Y, Moser J, Yacoub E, Nelson SM, Vizioli L, Fair DA, Lenze EJ, Carhart-Harris R, Raison CL, Raichle ME, Snyder AZ, Nicol GE, Dosenbach NUFet al., 2024,

    Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain

    , NATURE, ISSN: 0028-0836
  • Journal article
    de la Salle S, Kettner H, Levesque JT, Garel N, Dames S, Patchett-Marble R, Rej S, Gloeckler S, Erritzoe D, Carhart-Harris R, Greenway KTet al., 2024,

    Longitudinal experiences of Canadians receiving compassionate access to psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy

    , SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, Vol: 14, ISSN: 2045-2322
  • Journal article
    Roseman L, Erritzoe D, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R, Timmermann Cet al., 2024,

    Interrupting the Psychedelic Experience Through Contextual Manipulation to Study Experience Efficacy

    , JAMA NETWORK OPEN, Vol: 7, ISSN: 2574-3805

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