TY - JOUR AB - The study of complex systems deals with emergent behavior that arises as a result of nonlinear spatiotemporal interactions between a large number of components both within the system, as well as between the system and its environment. There is a strong case to be made that neural systems as well as their emergent behavior and disorders can be studied within the framework of complexity science. In particular, the field of neuroimaging has begun to apply both theoretical and experimental procedures originating in complexity science—usually in parallel with traditional methodologies. Here, we illustrate the basic properties that characterize complex systems and evaluate how they relate to what we have learned about brain structure and function from neuroimaging experiments. We then argue in favor of adopting a complex systems-based methodology in the study of neuroimaging, alongside appropriate experimental paradigms, and with minimal influences from noncomplex system approaches. Our exposition includes a review of the fundamental mathematical concepts, combined with practical examples and a compilation of results from the literature. AU - Turkheimer,FE AU - Rosas,FE AU - Dipasquale,O AU - Martins,D AU - Fagerholm,ED AU - Expert,P AU - Vasa,F AU - Lord,L-D AU - Leech,R DO - 10.1177/1073858421994784 EP - 399 PY - 2021/// SN - 1073-8584 SP - 382 TI - A complex systems perspective on neuroimaging studies of behavior and its disorders T2 - The Neuroscientist: reviews at the interface of basic and clinical neurosciences UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858421994784 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000620305700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202 UR - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1073858421994784 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/87168 VL - 28 ER -