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  • Journal article
    Woodward G, Gray C, Baird DJ, 2013,

    Biomonitoring for the 21st Century: new perspectives in an age of globalisation and emerging environmental threats

    , LIMNETICA, Vol: 32, Pages: 159-173, ISSN: 0213-8409
  • Journal article
    O'Loughlin S, Burt A, 2013,

    INFERRING DEMOGRAPHY AND SELECTION IN EAST AFRICAN ANOPHELES GAMBIAE SL FROM GENOME WIDE SNPS

    , PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH, Vol: 107, Pages: 416-416, ISSN: 2047-7724
  • Journal article
    Bryden J, Gill RJ, Mitton RAA, Raine NE, Jansen VAAet al., 2013,

    Chronic sublethal stress causes bee colony failure

    , ECOLOGY LETTERS, Vol: 16, Pages: 1463-1469, ISSN: 1461-023X
  • Journal article
    Wearn OR, Rowcliffe JM, Carbone C, Bernard H, Ewers RMet al., 2013,

    Assessing the status of wild felids in a highly-disturbed commercial forest reserve in Borneo and the implications for camera trap survey design

    , PLoS One, Vol: 8, Pages: 1-9, ISSN: 1932-6203

    The proliferation of camera-trapping studies has led to a spate of extensions in the known distributions of many wild cat species, not least in Borneo. However, we still do not have a clear picture of the spatial patterns of felid abundance in Southeast Asia, particularly with respect to the large areas of highly-disturbed habitat. An important obstacle to increasing the usefulness of camera trap data is the widespread practice of setting cameras at non-random locations. Non-random deployment interacts with non-random space-use by animals, causing biases in our inferences about relative abundance from detection frequencies alone. This may be a particular problem if surveys do not adequately sample the full range of habitat features present in a study region. Using camera-trapping records and incidental sightings from the Kalabakan Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, we aimed to assess the relative abundance of felid species in highly-disturbed forest, as well as investigate felid space-use and the potential for biases resulting from non-random sampling. Although the area has been intensively logged over three decades, it was found to still retain the full complement of Bornean felids, including the bay cat Pardofelis badia, a poorly known Bornean endemic. Camera-trapping using strictly random locations detected four of the five Bornean felid species and revealed inter- and intra-specific differences in space-use. We compare our results with an extensive dataset of >1,200 felid records from previous camera-trapping studies and show that the relative abundance of the bay cat, in particular, may have previously been underestimated due to the use of non-random survey locations. Further surveys for this species using random locations will be crucial in determining its conservation status. We advocate the more wide-spread use of random survey locations in future camera-trapping surveys in order to increase the robustness and generality of inferences that can be ma
  • Journal article
    Adams GL, Pichler DE, Cox EJ, O'Gorman EJ, Seeney A, Woodward G, Reuman DCet al., 2013,

    Diatoms can be an important exception to temperature-size rules at species and community levels of organization

    , Global Change Biology, Vol: 19, Pages: 3540-3552, ISSN: 1354-1013
  • Journal article
    Papworth S, Milner-Gulland EJ, Slocombe K, 2013,

    The Natural Place to Begin: The Ethnoprimatology of the Waorani

    , AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Vol: 75, Pages: 1117-1128, ISSN: 0275-2565
  • Journal article
    Andradi-Brown DA, Howe C, Mace GM, Knight ATet al., 2013,

    Do mangrove forest restoration or rehabilitation activities return biodiversity to pre-impact levels?

    , Environmental Evidence, Vol: 2, ISSN: 2047-2382

    BackgroundMangrove forest restoration and rehabilitation programs are increasingly undertaken to re-establish ecosystem services in the context of community-based biodiversity conservation. Restoration is returning a habitat to the most natural condition, whereas rehabilitation often focuses on optimising ecosystem services alongside biodiversity. With many different restoration and rehabilitation objectives and techniques existing, it is difficult to assess the general effectiveness of restoration and rehabilitation on biodiversity and ecosystem services. This systematic review protocol presents a methodology that will be used to assess the impacts of mangrove forest restoration and rehabilitation on biodiversity and provisioning ecosystem services in a global context.MethodsThis review will assess studies that have undertaken biodiversity surveys of restored and rehabilitated mangrove forests by comparing them against suitable mature reference mangrove forests within the same region, or surveys prior to degradation of the forest. This review will investigate how the age and initial tree diversity of a restoration or rehabilitation activities determine the effectiveness of these initiatives. Taxa of commercial value to local communities will be assessed to identify whether rehabilitation for optimal ecosystem service provision is likely to conflict with the full restoration of mangrove forests.
  • Journal article
    Rosa IMD, Purves D, Souza C, Ewers RMet al., 2013,

    Predictive modelling of contagious deforestation in the brazilian amazon

    , PLOS One, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1932-6203

    <p>Tropical forests are diminishing in extent due primarily to the rapid expansion of agriculture, but the future magnitude and geographical distribution of future tropical deforestation is uncertain. Here, we introduce a dynamic and spatially-explicit model of deforestation that predicts the potential magnitude and spatial pattern of Amazon deforestation. Our model differs from previous models in three ways: (1) it is probabilistic and quantifies uncertainty around predictions and parameters; (2) the overall deforestation rate emerges “bottom up”, as the sum of local-scale deforestation driven by local processes; and (3) deforestation is contagious, such that local deforestation rate increases through time if adjacent locations are deforested. For the scenarios evaluated–pre- and post-PPCDAM (“Plano de Ação para Proteção e Controle do Desmatamento na Amazônia”)–the parameter estimates confirmed that forests near roads and already deforested areas are significantly more likely to be deforested in the near future and less likely in protected areas. Validation tests showed that our model correctly predicted the magnitude and spatial pattern of deforestation that accumulates over time, but that there is very high uncertainty surrounding the exact sequence in which pixels are deforested. The model predicts that under pre-PPCDAM (assuming no change in parameter values due to, for example, changes in government policy), annual deforestation rates would halve between 2050 compared to 2002, although this partly reflects reliance on a static map of the road network. Consistent with other models, under the pre-PPCDAM scenario, states in the south and east of the Brazilian Amazon have a high predicted probability of losing nearly all forest outside of protected areas by 2050. This pattern is less strong in the post-PPCDAM scenario. Contagious spread along roads and through areas lacking formal protecti
  • Journal article
    Ahmed SE, Souza CM, Riberio J, Ewers RMet al., 2013,

    Temporal patterns of road network development in the Brazilian Amazon

    , REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, Vol: 13, Pages: 927-937, ISSN: 1436-3798
  • Journal article
    Robert M Ewers DCR, 2013,

    Using landscape history to predict biodiversity patterns in fragmented landscapes

    , Ecology Letters, Vol: 16, Pages: 1221-1233, ISSN: 1461-023X

    Landscape ecology plays a vital role in understanding the impacts of land-use change on biodiversity, but it is not a predictive discipline, lacking theoretical models that quantitatively predict biodiversity patterns from first principles. Here, we draw heavily on ideas from phylogenetics to fill this gap, basing our approach on the insight that habitat fragments have a shared history. We develop a landscape ‘terrageny’, which represents the historical spatial separation of habitat fragments in the same way that a phylogeny represents evolutionary divergence among species. Combining a random sampling model with a terrageny generates numerical predictions about the expected proportion of species shared between any two fragments, the locations of locally endemic species, and the number of species that have been driven locally extinct. The model predicts that community similarity declines with terragenetic distance, and that local endemics are more likely to be found in terragenetically distinctive fragments than in large fragments. We derive equations to quantify the variance around predictions, and show that ignoring the spatial structure of fragmented landscapes leads to over-estimates of local extinction rates at the landscape scale. We argue that ignoring the shared history of habitat fragments limits our ability to understand biodiversity changes in human-modified landscapes.

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