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• Journal article
  Rao RR, Kolb MJ, Hwang J, Pedersen AF, Mehta A, You H, Stoerzinger KA, Feng Z, Zhou H, Bluhm H, Giordano L, Stephens IEL, Shao-Horn Yet al., 2018,

  Surface Orientation Dependent Water Dissociation on Rutile Ruthenium Dioxide

  , JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, Vol: 122, Pages: 17802-17811, ISSN: 1932-7447
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• Journal article
  Roy C, Rao RR, Stoerzinger KA, Hwang J, Rossmeisl J, Chorkendorff I, Shao-Horn Y, Stephens IELet al., 2018,

  Trends in activity and dissolution on RuO2 under oxygen evolution conditions: particles versus well-defined extended surfaces

  , ACS Energy Letters, Vol: 3, Pages: 2045-2051, ISSN: 2380-8195

  Rutile RuO2 catalysts are the most active pure metal oxides for oxygen evolution; however, they are also unstable toward dissolution. Herein, we study the catalytic activity and stability of oriented thin films of RuO2 with (111), (101), and (001) orientations, in comparison to a (110) single crystal and commercial nanoparticles. These surfaces were all tested in aqueous solutions of 0.05 M H2SO4. The initial catalyst activity ranked as follows: (001) > (101) > (111) ≈ (110). We complemented our activity data with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, to measure Ru dissolution products occurring in parallel to oxygen evolution. In contrast to earlier reports, we find that, under our experimental conditions, there is no correlation between the activity and stability.

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• Journal article
  Katayama Y, Giordano L, Rao RR, Hwang J, Muroyama H, Matsui T, Eguchi K, Shao-Horn Yet al., 2018,

  Surface (Electro)chemistry of CO₂ on Pt Surface: An <i>in Situ</i> Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy Study

  , JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, Vol: 122, Pages: 12341-12349, ISSN: 1932-7447
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  • Citations: 15
• Journal article
  Kuznetsov DA, Han B, Yu Y, Rao RR, Hwang J, Roman-Leshkov Y, Shao-Horn Yet al., 2018,

  Tuning Redox Transitions via Inductive Effect in Metal Oxides and Complexes, and Implications in Oxygen Electrocatalysis

  , JOULE, Vol: 2, Pages: 225-244, ISSN: 2542-4351
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  • Citations: 225
• Journal article
  Stoerzinger KA, Hong WT, Wang XR, Rao RR, Subramanyam SB, Li C, Ariando, Venkatesan T, Liu Q, Crumlin EJ, Varanasi KK, Shao-Horn Yet al., 2017,

  Decreasing the Hydroxylation Affinity of La_1-<i>x</i>Sr<i>_x</i>MnO₃ Perovskites To Promote Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis

  , CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, Vol: 29, Pages: 9990-9997, ISSN: 0897-4756
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  • Citations: 30
• Journal article
  Rao RM, Kolb MJ, Halck NB, Pedersen AF, Mehta A, You H, Stoerzinger KA, Feng Z, Hansen HA, Zhou H, Giordano L, Rossmeisl J, Vegge T, Chorkendorff I, Stephens IEL, Shao-Horn Yet al., 2017,

  Towards identifying the active sites on RuO2 (110) in catalyzing oxygen evolution

  , Energy and Environmental Science, Vol: 10, Pages: 2626-2637, ISSN: 1754-5692

  While the surface atomic structure of RuO2 has been well studied in ultra high vacuum, much less is known about theinteraction between water and RuO2 in aqueous solution. In this work, in situ surface X-ray scattering measurementscombined with density functional theory (DFT) was used to determine the surface structural changes on single-crystalRuO2 (110) as a function of potential in acidic electrolyte. The redox peaks at 0.7, 1.1 and 1.4 V vs. reversible hydrogenelectrode (RHE) could be attributed to surface transitions associated with the successive deprotonation of -H2O on thecoordinatively unsaturated Ru sites (CUS) and hydrogen adsorbed to the bridging oxygen sites. At potentials relevant tothe oxygen evolution reaction (OER), an –OO species on the Ru CUS sites was detected, which was stabilized by aneighboring -OH group on the Ru CUS or bridge site. Combining potential-dependent surface structures with theirenergetics from DFT led to a new OER pathway, where the deprotonation of the -OH group used to stabilize –OO wasfound to be rate-limiting.

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• Journal article
  Hwang J, Rao RR, Giordano L, Katayama Y, Yu Y, Shao-Horn Yet al., 2017,

  Perovskites in catalysis and electrocatalysis

  , SCIENCE, Vol: 358, Pages: 751-756, ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • Citations: 951
• Conference paper
  Kuznetsov D, Han B, Rao R, Shao-Horn Yet al., 2017,

  Linking the effect of the metal ion doping to metal oxides redox transitions and OER activity

  , 254th National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) on Chemistry's Impact on the Global Economy, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
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• Conference paper
  Rao R, Shao-Horn Y, 2017,

  Understanding the active sites and reaction mechanism for oxygen electrocatalysis on ruthenium dioxide surfaces

  , 254th National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) on Chemistry's Impact on the Global Economy, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
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• Journal article
  Stoerzinger KA, Rao RR, Wang XR, Hong WT, Rouleau CM, Shao-Horn Yet al., 2017,

  The Role of Ru Redox in pH-Dependent Oxygen Evolution on Rutile Ruthenium Dioxide Surfaces

  , CHEM, Vol: 2, Pages: 668-675, ISSN: 2451-9294
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  • Citations: 128

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