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@article{Hermann:2010,
author = {Hermann, S and Rohrmann, S and Linseisen, J and Nieters, A and Khan, A and Gallo, V and Overvad, K and Tjonneland, A and Raaschou-Nielsen, O and Bergmann, MM and Boeing, H and Becker, N and Kaaks, R and Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB and May, AM and Vermeulen, RC and Bingham, S and Khaw, KT and Key, TJ and Travis, RC and Trichopoulou, A and Georgila, C and Triantafylou, D and Celentano, E and Krogh, V and Masala, G and Tumino, R and Agudo, A and Altzibar, JM and Ardanaz, E and Martinez-Garcia, C and Suarez, MV and Tormo, MJ and Braaten, T and Lund, E and Manjer, J and Zackrisson, S and Hallmans, G and Malmer, B and Boffetta, P and Brennan, P and Slimani, N and Vineis, P and Riboli, E},
pages = {71--77},
title = {Level of education and the risk of lymphoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19582474},
volume = {136},
year = {2010}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Lymphomas belong to the few cancer sites with increasing incidence over past decades, and only a few risk factors have been established. We explored the association between education and the incidence of lymphoma in the prospective EPIC study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within 3,567,410 person-years of follow-up, 1,319 lymphoma cases [1,253 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 66 Hodgkin lymphomas (HL)] were identified. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the association between highest educational level (primary school or less, technical/professional school, secondary school, university) and lymphoma risk. RESULTS: Overall, no consistent associations between educational level and lymphoma risk were observed; however, associations were found for sub-groups of the cohort. We observed a higher risk of B-NHL (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02-1.68; n = 583) in women with the highest education level (university) but not in men. Concerning sub-classes of B-NHL, a positive association between education and risk of B cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (BCLL) was observed only in women. In both genders, the risk of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was significantly lower for subjects with university degree (HR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27-0.79) versus lowest educational level. No association was found for HL. CONCLUSION: We could not confirm an overall consistent association of education and risk of HL or NHL in this large prospective study; although, education was positively related to the incidence of BCLL and B-NHL (in women) but inversely to incidence of DLBCL. Due to limited number of cases in sub-classes and the large number of comparisons, the possibility of chance findings can not be excluded.
AU  - Hermann,S
AU  - Rohrmann,S
AU  - Linseisen,J
AU  - Nieters,A
AU  - Khan,A
AU  - Gallo,V
AU  - Overvad,K
AU  - Tjonneland,A
AU  - Raaschou-Nielsen,O
AU  - Bergmann,MM
AU  - Boeing,H
AU  - Becker,N
AU  - Kaaks,R
AU  - Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB
AU  - May,AM
AU  - Vermeulen,RC
AU  - Bingham,S
AU  - Khaw,KT
AU  - Key,TJ
AU  - Travis,RC
AU  - Trichopoulou,A
AU  - Georgila,C
AU  - Triantafylou,D
AU  - Celentano,E
AU  - Krogh,V
AU  - Masala,G
AU  - Tumino,R
AU  - Agudo,A
AU  - Altzibar,JM
AU  - Ardanaz,E
AU  - Martinez-Garcia,C
AU  - Suarez,MV
AU  - Tormo,MJ
AU  - Braaten,T
AU  - Lund,E
AU  - Manjer,J
AU  - Zackrisson,S
AU  - Hallmans,G
AU  - Malmer,B
AU  - Boffetta,P
AU  - Brennan,P
AU  - Slimani,N
AU  - Vineis,P
AU  - Riboli,E
EP  - 77
PY  - 2010///
SN  - 1432-1335
SP  - 71
TI  - Level of education and the risk of lymphoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19582474
VL  - 136
ER  -

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