Publications
194 results found
Morris C, Hansell A, Gulliver J, et al., 2008, Constructing and Validating Modelled Concentration Surfaces for Black Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide Across GB, 1955-2001, 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S170-S170, ISSN: 1044-3983
Hansell A, 2008, Airborne environmental exposure to asbestos, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 178, Pages: 556-557, ISSN: 1073-449X
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- Citations: 2
Marsh SE, Travers J, Weatherall M, et al., 2008, Proportional classifications of COPD phenotypes, THORAX, Vol: 63, Pages: 761-767, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 183
Burton PR, Hansell AL, Fortier I, et al., 2008, Size matters: just how big is BIG? Quantifying realistic sample size requirements for human genome epidemiology, International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol: 38, Pages: 263-273, ISSN: 1464-3685
Background Despite earlier doubts, a string of recent successes indicates that if sample sizes are large enough, it is possible—both in theory and in practice—to identify and replicate genetic associations with common complex diseases. But human genome epidemiology is expensive and, from a strategic perspective, it is still unclear what ‘large enough’ really means. This question has critical implications for governments, funding agencies, bioscientists and the tax-paying public. Difficult strategic decisions with imposing price tags and important opportunity costs must be taken.Methods Conventional power calculations for case–control studies disregard many basic elements of analytic complexity—e.g. errors in clinical assessment, and the impact of unmeasured aetiological determinants—and can seriously underestimate true sample size requirements. This article describes, and applies, a rigorous simulation-based approach to power calculation that deals more comprehensively with analytic complexity and has been implemented on the web as ESPRESSO: (www.p3gobservatory.org/powercalculator.htm).Results Using this approach, the article explores the realistic power profile of stand-alone and nested case–control studies in a variety of settings and provides a robust quantitative foundation for determining the required sample size both of individual biobanks and of large disease-based consortia. Despite universal acknowledgment of the importance of large sample sizes, our results suggest that contemporary initiatives are still, at best, at the lower end of the range of desirable sample size. Insufficient power remains particularly problematic for studies exploring gene–gene or gene–environment interactions.Discussion Sample size calculation must be both accurate and realistic, and we must continue to strengthen national and international cooperation in the design, conduct, harmonization and integration of studies in hum
Hansell AL, 2008, Chapter and verse on why lung disease is under-recognised and underestimated, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE, Vol: 12, Pages: 358-358, ISSN: 1027-3719
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- Citations: 1
Aldington S, Harwood M, Cox B, et al., 2008, Cannabis use and cancer of the head and neck: Case-control study, OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY, Vol: 138, Pages: 374-380, ISSN: 0194-5998
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- Citations: 41
Aldington S, Harwood M, Cox B, et al., 2008, Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 31, Pages: 280-286, ISSN: 0903-1936
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- Citations: 171
Morris C, Gulliver J, Briggs D, et al., 2007, Modelling UK black smoke and sulphur dioxide concentrations, 1955-2001 to estimate lifecourse air pollution exposures, 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S138-S138, ISSN: 1044-3983
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- Citations: 3
Hansell A, Marsh S, Rushton L, et al., 2007, Occupational exposures in relation to obstructive lung disease in a New Zealand population cohort, 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S142-S142, ISSN: 1044-3983
Shirtcliffe P, Weatherall M, Marsh S, et al., 2007, COPD prevalence in a random population survey: a matter of definition, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 30, Pages: 232-239, ISSN: 0903-1936
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- Citations: 98
Osman M, Hansell AL, Simpson CR, et al., 2007, Gender-specific presentations for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in primary care., Prim Care Respir J, Vol: 16, Pages: 28-35, ISSN: 1471-4418
AIM: To identify age- and gender-specific prevalence rates for physician-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and eczema across a whole lifespan. METHOD: Presentations of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were identified in individuals aged 0 to 65 who consulted their general practitioner at least once in 1998-99 from a population sample of 266,733 in Scotland, and in 1991-95 for asthma and allergic rhinitis in 6,836,063 person years at risk in England and Wales. RESULTS: In both sexes asthma presentations peak at 4-6 years whilst eczema peaks in infancy. A second asthma peak occurs during adolescence, earlier in females, at a time when a female predominance for all three atopic diseases is established. Female predominance of eczema presentations are limited to the reproductive period of 15-49 years. CONCLUSION: The patterns of presentations for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema by age and gender suggest important gender-specific differences in disease predisposition and diagnosis.
Aldington S, Harwood M, Cox B, et al., 2006, Cannabis and respiratory tract cancer: A case-control study, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society/British-Lung-Foundation (BTS/BLF), Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: II31-II32, ISSN: 0040-6376
Beasley R, Marsh S, Travers J, et al., 2006, Conceptual and proportional classifications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society/British-Lung-Foundation (BTS/BLF), Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: II110-II110, ISSN: 0040-6376
Hansell AL, 2006, Lies, damned lies and mortality statistics?, THORAX, Vol: 61, Pages: 923-924, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 8
Hansell AL, Horwell CJ, Oppenheimer C, 2006, The health hazards of volcanoes and geothermal areas, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 63, Pages: 149-156, ISSN: 1351-0711
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- Citations: 100
Lopez AD, Shibuya K, Rao C, et al., 2006, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 27, Pages: 397-412, ISSN: 0903-1936
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- Citations: 889
Smith GD, Ebrahim S, Lewis S, et al., 2005, Genetic Epidemiology 7 - Genetic epidemiology and public health: hope, hype, and future prospects, LANCET, Vol: 366, Pages: 1484-1498, ISSN: 0140-6736
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- Citations: 202
Soriano JB, Visick GT, Muellerova H, et al., 2005, Patterns of comorbidities in newly diagnosed COPD and asthma in primary care, CHEST, Vol: 128, Pages: 2099-2107, ISSN: 0012-3692
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- Citations: 415
Hansell A, Oppenheimer C, 2004, Health hazards from volcanic gases: A systematic literature review, ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, Vol: 59, Pages: 628-639, ISSN: 0003-9896
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- Citations: 137
Hodgson S, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Hansell A, et al., 2004, Excess risk of kidney disease in a population living near industrial plants, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol: 61, Pages: 717-719, ISSN: 1470-7926
Runcorn has been a site of chemical industry activity for over a century, where tons of toxic chemicals are released annually to air and water. Excess kidney disease mortality (nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis) was found in the population living within 2 km of the industrial plants (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) in males 131 (95% CI 90 to 185) and females 161 (95% CI 118 to 214)) compared to a reference population (northwest England)). Risk of hospital admissions for kidney disease in Halton (comprising the towns of Runcorn and Widnes) was higher than in the less industrial, nearby town of Warrington. The standardised admission ratio (SAR) in Halton was 115 (95% CI 107 to 124) for males and 126 (95% CI 117 to 137) for females; and in Warrington 91 (95% CI 85 to 97) for males and 84 (95% CI 78 to 91) for females compared to the Warrington and Halton area as a whole. The excess risk of kidney disease in the Runcorn area requires further investigation.
Hansell AL, Lam KA, Richardson S, et al., 2004, Medical event profiling of COPD patients, PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Vol: 13, Pages: 547-555, ISSN: 1053-8569
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- Citations: 10
Hansell A, Best N, Aylin P, 2004, Spatial variations in chronic obstructive respiratory disease mortality in the UK, 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S41-S42, ISSN: 1044-3983
Hansell AL, Held L, Best N, et al., 2003, Did the 1956 Clean Air Act make a difference to COPD mortality trends 1950-1999?, Winter Meeting of the British Thoracic-Society, Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: 74-75, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 1
Hansell AL, Walk JA, Soriano JB, 2003, What do chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients die from? A multiple cause coding analysis, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 22, Pages: 809-814, ISSN: 0903-1936
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- Citations: 186
Hansell A, Knorr-Held L, Best N, et al., 2003, COPD mortality trends 1950-1999 in England & Wales - Did the 1956 Clean Air Act make a detectable difference?, 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S55-S55, ISSN: 1044-3983
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- Citations: 6
Sarin P, 2003, Use of personal exposure modelling in risk assessment of air pollutants., Occup Environ Med, Vol: 60, ISSN: 1351-0711
Hansell AL, 2003, Respiratory effects of volcanic emissions, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 60, Pages: 529-530, ISSN: 1351-0711
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- Citations: 6
Hansell A, 2003, Efficacy of acupuncture in asthma., The European respiratory journal, Vol: 21, ISSN: 0903-1936
Hansell A, Hollowell J, McNiece R, et al., 2003, Validity and interpretation of mortality, health service and survey data on COPD and asthma in England, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 21, Pages: 279-286, ISSN: 0903-1936
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- Citations: 23
Toledano MB, Hansell AL, Jarup L, et al., 2003, Temporal trends in orchidopexy, Great Britain, 1992-1998, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol: 111, Pages: 129-132, ISSN: 0091-6765
Concern has been expressed in recent years about worsening male reproductive health, possiblymediated by increasing exposures to environmental endocrine-disrupting agents. Trends suggestedlarge increases in cryptorchidism in Britain and the United States between the 1950s and 1980s,although published data on recent trends have been scarce. We examined numbers of orchidopexyprocedures, as a marker for cryptorchidism, using routine hospital admission data for England,Wales, and Scotland for fiscal years 1992–1993 through 1998–1999. Annual trends in orchidopexyrates were analyzed by age, in-patient admission versus day case, and geographical region.Orchidopexy rates were also obtained from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) forEngland to cross-validate the hospital admissions data. Orchidopexy rates for boys 0–14 years oldfell by 33% (from 23.5 to 15.8 per 10,000 population) between 1992 and 1998, with the steepestdecline (50%) in 5–9-year-olds. The decreasing trend for 0–14-year-olds was evident in everyregion in England, in Wales, and in Scotland. Rates remained stable for men 15 or more years old,at 0.7 per 10,000. There was a marked shift from in-patient to day-case procedures. Rates fromthe GPRD showed a similar downward trend to the hospital data. Our findings could representeither an underlying decrease in the frequency of undescended testis or a fairly dramatic improvementin the diagnosis of cryptorchidism—resulting in fewer orchidopexies performed for retractiletestis—in Great Britain during the 1990s, or both. Either way, our findings do not support thepostulate of a recent worsening of male reproductive health of the scale suggested by some recentcommentators on the endocrine disruptor hypothesis. Key words: cryptorchidism, endocrine,orchidopexy, routine health data, temporal trends, testes
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