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• CONFERENCE PAPER
Carmichael R, Schofield J, Bilton M, Ozaki R, Strbac Get al.,

Dynamic pricing of electricity for wind-following?: Understanding demand-response and consumer engagement on the UK’s first trial of a dynamic time-of-use tariff for residential electricity

, BEHAVE 2014 Conference
• CONFERENCE PAPER
Kuenzel S, Kunjumuhammed LP, Pal BC, Erlich Iet al.,

Wind Power Plants Inertial Response Capability Considering Wake Effect

, 11th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants, Lisbon
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vinter RB, Bettiol P,

Trajectories satisfying a state constraint: improved estimates and new non-degeneracy conditions

, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol: 56, Pages: 1090-1096

For a state-constrained control system described by a differential inclusion and a single functional inequality state constraint, it is known that, under an `inward pointing condition', the $W^{1,1}$ distance of an arbitrary state trajectory to the set of state trajectories, which have the same left endpoint and which satisfy the state constraint, is linearly related to the state constraint violation. In this paper we show that, in situations where the state-constrained control system is described instead by a controlled differential equation, this estimate can be improved by replacing the $W^{1,1}$ distance on state trajectories by the Ekeland metric of the distance of the control functions. A counter-example reveals that a refinement of this nature is not in general valid for state constrained differential inclusions. Finally we show how the refined estimates may be used to establish new conditions for non-degeneracy of the state constrained Maximum Principle, in circumstances when the data depends discontinuously on the control variable.

• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nanchian S, Majumdar A, Pal BC, 2017,

Three-Phase State Estimation Using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization

, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, Vol: 8, Pages: 1035-1045, ISSN: 1949-3053
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stacchini de Souza JC, Lessa Assis TM, Pal BC, 2017,

Data Compression in Smart Distribution Systems via Singular Value Decomposition

, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, Vol: 8, Pages: 275-284, ISSN: 1949-3053
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tindemans SH, Strbac G, 2017,

Robust estimation of risks from small samples

, Philosophical Transactions A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, ISSN: 1471-2962

Data-driven risk analysis involves the inference of probability distributions from measured or simulated data. In the case of a highly reliable system, such as the electricity grid, the amount of relevant data is often exceedingly limited, but the impact of estimation errors may be very large. This paper presents a robust nonparametric Bayesian method to infer possible underlying distributions. The method obtains rigorous error bounds even for small samples taken from ill-behaved distributions. The approach taken has a natural interpretation in terms of the intervals between ordered observations, where allocation of probability mass across intervals is well-specified, but the location of that mass within each interval is unconstrained. This formulation gives rise to a straightforward computational resampling method: Bayesian Interval Sampling. In a comparison with common alternative approaches, it is shown to satisfy strict error bounds even for ill-behaved distributions.

• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arana C, Evangelou SA, Dini D, 2016,

Series Active Variable Geometry Suspension Application to Chassis Attitude Control

, IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS, Vol: 21, Pages: 518-530, ISSN: 1083-4435
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bachtiar V, Kerrigan EC, Moase WH, Manzie Cet al., 2016,

Continuity and monotonicity of the MPC value function with respect to sampling time and prediction horizon

, Automatica, Vol: 63, Pages: 330-337, ISSN: 0005-1098
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kunjumuhammed LP, Pal BC, Oates C, Dyke KJet al., 2016,

Electrical Oscillations in Wind Farm Systems: Analysis and Insight Based on Detailed Modeling

, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Vol: 7, Pages: 51-62, ISSN: 1949-3029
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ng BF, Palacios R, Kerrigan EC, Graham JMR, Hesse Het al., 2016,

Aerodynamic load control in horizontal axis wind turbines with combined aeroelastic tailoring and trailing-edge flaps

, WIND ENERGY, Vol: 19, Pages: 243-263, ISSN: 1095-4244
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pipelzadeh Y, Chaudhuri NR, Chaudhuri B, Green TCet al., 2016,

Coordinated Control of Offshore Wind Farm and Onshore HVDC Converter for Effective Power Oscillation Damping

, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Pages: 1-1, ISSN: 0885-8950
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pudjianto D, Castro M, Strbac G, Liu Z, van der Sluis L, Papaefthymiou Get al., 2016,

Asymmetric impacts of European transmission network development towards 2050: Stakeholder assessment based on IRENE-40 scenarios

, ENERGY ECONOMICS, Vol: 53, Pages: 261-269, ISSN: 0140-9883
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Strbac G, Kirschen D, Moreno R, 2016,

Reliability Standards for the Operation and Planning of Future Electricity Networks

, Foundations and Trends® in Electric Energy Systems, Vol: 1, Pages: 143-219, ISSN: 2332-6557
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Strbac G, Kirschen D, Moreno R, 2016,

Reliability standards for the operation and planning of future electricity networks

, Foundations and Trends® in Electric Energy Systems, Vol: 1, Pages: 143-219, ISSN: 2332-6557

Electricity networks, designed and operated in accordance with the historic deterministic standards, have broadly delivered secure and reliable supplies to customers. A key issue regarding their evolution is how the operation and planning standards should evolve to make efficient use of the existing assets while taking advantage of emerging, non-network (or non-wires) technologies. Deployment of the smart grid will require fundamental changes in the historical principles used for network security in order to ensure that integration of low-carbon generation is undertaken as efficiently as possible through the use of new information and communication technology (ICT), and new flexible network technologies that can maximize utilization of existing electricity infrastructure. These new technologies could reduce network redundancy in providing security of supply by enabling the application of a range of advanced, technically effective, and economically efficient corrective (or post-fault) actions that can release latent network capacity of the existing system. In this context, this paper demonstrates that historical deterministic practices and standards, mostly developed in the 1950s, should be reviewed in order to take full advantage of new emerging technologies and facilitate transition to a smart grid paradigm. This paper also demonstrates that a probabilistic approach to developing future efficient operating and design strategies enabled by new technologies, will appropriately balance network investment against non-network solutions while truly recognizing effects of adverse weather, common-mode failures, high-impact low-probability events, changing market prices for pre- and post-contingency actions, equipment malfunctioning, etc. This clearly requires explicit consideration of the likelihood of various outages (beyond those considered in deterministic studies) and quantification of their impacts on alternative network operation and investment decisions, which canno

• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Trovato V, Tindemans SH, Strbac G, 2016,

Leaky storage model for optimal multi-service allocation of thermostatic loads

, IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION, Vol: 10, Pages: 585-593, ISSN: 1751-8687
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abraham E, Kerrigan EC, 2015,

Lower-Order <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$H_{\infty}$</tex></formula> Filter Design for Bilinear Systems With Bounded Inputs

, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol: 63, Pages: 895-906, ISSN: 1053-587X
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agalgaonkar YP, Pal BC, Jabr RA, 2015,

Stochastic Distribution System Operation Considering Voltage Regulation Risks in the Presence of PV Generation

, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Vol: 6, Pages: 1315-1324, ISSN: 1949-3029
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akhtar Z, Chaudhuri B, Hui SYR, 2015,

Primary Frequency Control Contribution From Smart Loads Using Reactive Compensation

, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, Vol: 6, Pages: 2356-2365, ISSN: 1949-3053
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akhtar Z, Chaudhuri B, Hui SYR, 2015,

Smart loads for voltage control in distribution networks

, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol: PP, ISSN: 1949-3053

Â© 2015 IEEE.This paper shows that the smart loads (SLs) could be effective in mitigating voltage problems caused by photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicle (EV) charging in low-voltage (LV) distribution networks. Limitations of the previously reported SL configuration with only series reactive compensator (SLQ) (one converter) is highlighted in this paper. To overcome these limitations, an additional shunt converter is used in back-to-back (B2B) configuration to support the active power exchanged by the series converter, which increases the flexibility of the SL without requiring any energy storage. Simulation results on a typical U.K. LV distribution network are presented to compare the effectiveness of an SL with B2B converters (SLBCs) against an SLQ in tackling under- and over-voltage problems caused by EV or PV. It is shown that SLBCs can regulate the main voltage more effectively than SLQs especially under overvoltage condition. Although two converters are required for each SLBC, it is shown that the apparent power capacity of each converter is required to be significantly less than that of an equivalent SLQ.

• JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anagnostou G, Pal BC, 2015,

Impact of Overexcitation Limiters on the Power System Stability Margin Under Stressed Conditions

, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol: 31, Pages: 2327-2337, ISSN: 1558-0679

This paper investigates the impact of the overexcitation limiters (OELs) on the stability margin of a power system which is operating under stressed conditions. Several OEL modeling approaches are presented and the effect of their action has been examined in model power systems. It is realized that, more often than not, OEL operating status goes undetected by existing dynamic security assessment tools commonly used in the industry. It is found that the identification and accurate representation of OELs lead to significantly different transient stability margins. Unscented Kalman filtering is used to detect the OEL activation events. In the context of stressed system operation, such quantitative assessment is very useful for system control. This understanding is further reinforced through detailed studies in two model power systems.

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