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@article{East:2019:tid/104417,
author = {East, KA and Hitchman, SC and McDermott, M and McNeill, A and Herbec, A and Tountas, Y and Becuwe, N and Demjen, T and Fu, M and Fernandez, E and Mons, U and Trofor, AC and Zatonski, WA and Fong, GT and Vardavas, CI and Glahn, A and Kyriakos, CN and Nguyen, D and Nikitara, K and Radu-Loghin, C and Starchenko, P and Tsatsakis, A and Girvalaki, C and Igoumenaki, C and Papadakis, S and Papathanasaki, A and Tzatzarakis, M and Vardavas, AI and Deaconu, L and Goudet, S and Hanley, C and Riviere, O and Kiss, J and Kovacs, PA and Castellano, Y and Nogueira, SO and Tigova, O and East, K and Kahnert, S and Behrakis, P and Filippidis, FT and Gratziou, C and Katsaounou, P and Peleki, T and Petroulia, I and Tzavara, C and Eremia, M and Lotrean, L and Mihaltan, F and Rohde, G and Asano, T and Cichon, C and Far, A and Genton, C and Jessner, M and Hedman, L and Janson, C and Lindberg, A and Maguire, B and Ravara, S and Vaccaro, V and Ward, B and Willemsen, M and de, Vries H and Hummel, K and Nagelhout},
doi = {tid/104417},
journal = {Tobacco Induced Diseases},
title = {Social norms towards smoking and electronic cigarettes among adult smokers in seven European Countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18332/tid/104417},
volume = {16},
year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Introduction:This study explores whether current smokers’ social norms towards smoking and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) vary across seven European countries alongside smoking and e-cigarette prevalence rates. At the time of surveying, England had the lowest current smoking prevalence and Greece the highest. Hungary, Romania and Spain had the lowest prevalence of any e-cigarette use and England the highest.Methods:Respondents were adult (≥18 years) current smokers from the 2016 EUREST-PLUS ITC (Romania, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Greece, Germany) and ITC 4CV England Surveys (N=7779). Using logistic regression, associations between country and (a) smoking norms and (b) e-cigarette norms were assessed, adjusting for age, sex, income, education, smoking status, heaviness of smoking, and e-cigarette status.Results:Compared with England, smoking norms were higher in all countries: reporting that at least three of five closest friends smoke (19% vs 65–84% [AOR=6.9–24.0; Hungary–Greece]), perceiving that people important to them approve of smoking (8% vs 14–57% [1.9–51.1; Spain–Hungary]), perceiving that the public approves of smoking (5% vs 6–37% [1.7–15.8; Spain–Hungary]), disagreeing that smokers are marginalised (9% vs 16–50% [2.3–12.3; Poland–Greece]) except in Hungary. Compared with England: reporting that at least one of five closest friends uses e-cigarettes was higher in Poland (28% vs 36% [2.7]) but lower in Spain and Romania (28% vs 6–14% [0.3–0.6]), perceiving that the public approves of e-cigarettes was higher in Poland, Hungary and Greece (32% vs 36–40% [1.5–1.6]) but lower in Spain and Romania in unadjusted analyses only (32% vs 24–26%), reporting seeing e-cigarette use in public at least some days was lower in all countries (81% vs 12–55% [0.1–0.4]; Spain–Greece).Conclusions:Smokers from England had the least pro-smoking norms
AU  - East,KA
AU  - Hitchman,SC
AU  - McDermott,M
AU  - McNeill,A
AU  - Herbec,A
AU  - Tountas,Y
AU  - Becuwe,N
AU  - Demjen,T
AU  - Fu,M
AU  - Fernandez,E
AU  - Mons,U
AU  - Trofor,AC
AU  - Zatonski,WA
AU  - Fong,GT
AU  - Vardavas,CI
AU  - Glahn,A
AU  - Kyriakos,CN
AU  - Nguyen,D
AU  - Nikitara,K
AU  - Radu-Loghin,C
AU  - Starchenko,P
AU  - Tsatsakis,A
AU  - Girvalaki,C
AU  - Igoumenaki,C
AU  - Papadakis,S
AU  - Papathanasaki,A
AU  - Tzatzarakis,M
AU  - Vardavas,AI
AU  - Deaconu,L
AU  - Goudet,S
AU  - Hanley,C
AU  - Riviere,O
AU  - Kiss,J
AU  - Kovacs,PA
AU  - Castellano,Y
AU  - Nogueira,SO
AU  - Tigova,O
AU  - East,K
AU  - Kahnert,S
AU  - Behrakis,P
AU  - Filippidis,FT
AU  - Gratziou,C
AU  - Katsaounou,P
AU  - Peleki,T
AU  - Petroulia,I
AU  - Tzavara,C
AU  - Eremia,M
AU  - Lotrean,L
AU  - Mihaltan,F
AU  - Rohde,G
AU  - Asano,T
AU  - Cichon,C
AU  - Far,A
AU  - Genton,C
AU  - Jessner,M
AU  - Hedman,L
AU  - Janson,C
AU  - Lindberg,A
AU  - Maguire,B
AU  - Ravara,S
AU  - Vaccaro,V
AU  - Ward,B
AU  - Willemsen,M
AU  - de,Vries H
AU  - Hummel,K
AU  - Nagelhout,GE
AU  - Janik-Koncewicz,K
AU  - Przewozniak,K
AU  - Zatonski,M
AU  - Agar,TK
AU  - Driezen,P
AU  - Gravely,S
AU  - Quah,ACK
AU  - Thompson,ME
DO  - tid/104417
PY  - 2019///
SN  - 1617-9625
TI  - Social norms towards smoking and electronic cigarettes among adult smokers in seven European Countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
T2  - Tobacco Induced Diseases
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.18332/tid/104417
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000467864400015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/75972
VL  - 16
ER  -

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