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@article{Wheeler:2017:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02411,
author = {Wheeler, SGM and Bryant, D and Troughton, J and Kirchartz, T and Watson, T and Nelson, J and Durrant, J},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02411},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
pages = {13496--13506},
title = {Transient optoelectronic analysis of the impact of material energetics and recombination kinetics on the open-circuit voltage of hybrid perovskite solar cells},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02411},
volume = {121},
year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Transient optoelectronic measurements were used to evaluate the factors determining the open-circuit voltage of a series of planar photovoltaic devices based on hybrid perovskite layers with varying iodine/bromine ratios. Employing differential charging and transient photovoltage measurements, we used a simple device model based on the charge-carrier-density dependence of nongeminate recombination to re-create correctly not only the measured device open-circuit voltage (VOC) as a function of light intensity but also its dependence on bromine substitution. The 173 (±7) mV increase in device voltage observed with 20% bromine substitution is shown to result from a 227 (±8) mV increase in effective electronic band gap, which was offset in part by a 56 (±5) mV voltage loss due to faster carrier recombination. The faster recombination following 20% bromine substitution can be avoided by indene–C60 bisadduct (ICBA) substitution into the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) electron-collection layer, resulting in a further 73 (±7) mV increase in device VOC. These results are consistent with surface recombination losses at the perovskite/fullerene interface being the primary limitation on the VOC output of bromine-substituted devices. This study thus presents, and experimentally validates, a simple model for the device physics underlying voltage generation in such perovskite-based solar cells and demonstrates that this approach can provide key insights into factors limiting this voltage output as a function of material energetics.
AU  - Wheeler,SGM
AU  - Bryant,D
AU  - Troughton,J
AU  - Kirchartz,T
AU  - Watson,T
AU  - Nelson,J
AU  - Durrant,J
DO  - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02411
EP  - 13506
PY  - 2017///
SN  - 1932-7455
SP  - 13496
TI  - Transient optoelectronic analysis of the impact of material energetics and recombination kinetics on the open-circuit voltage of hybrid perovskite solar cells
T2  - Journal of Physical Chemistry C
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02411
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49014
VL  - 121
ER  -

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