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Amaral AFS, Strachan DP, Gomez Real F, et al., 2016, Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation: UK Biobank data, European Respiratory Journal, Vol: 48, Pages: 1288-1297, ISSN: 1399-3003
Little is known about the effect of cessation of menstruation on lung function. The aims of the study were to examine the association of lung function with natural and surgical cessation of menstruation, and assess whether lower lung function is associated with earlier age at cessation of menstruation.The study was performed in 141 076 women from the UK Biobank, who had provided acceptable and reproducible spirometry measurements and information on menstrual status. The associations of lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), spirometric restriction (FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN)), airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC <LLN)) with cessation of menstruation and age at cessation of menstruation were assessed using regression analysis.Women who had natural cessation of menstruation showed a lower FVC (−42 mL; 95% CI −53– −30) and FEV1 (−34 mL; 95% CI −43– −24) and higher risk of spirometric restriction (adjusted odds ratio 1.27; 95% CI 1.18–1.37) than women still menstruating. These associations were stronger in women who had had a hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. The earlier the natural cessation of menstruation, the lower the lung function. There was no clear association of lung function with age at hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. Airflow obstruction was not associated with cessation of menstruation.Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation, especially if it occurs early in life.
Amaral A, Strachan D, Real FG, et al., 2016, Lung function in postmenopausal women from the UK Biobank, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
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Patel J, Elfadaly FG, Burney PGJ, et al., 2016, LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: Improving local estimates of the proportion of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) attributable to smoking: A Bayesian approach, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Fedorova OS, Fedotova MM, Yazdanbakhsh M, et al., 2016, The prevalence of food allergy to hen's egg in schoolchildren in Western Siberia (Russian Federation), Meeting of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 368-369, ISSN: 0105-4538
Bousquet J, Farrell J, Crooks G, et al., 2016, Scaling up strategies of the chronic respiratory disease programme of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3: Area 5)., Clinical and Translational Allergy, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2045-7022
Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) focuses on the integrated care of chronic diseases. Area 5 (Care Pathways) was initiated using chronic respiratory diseases as a model. The chronic respiratory disease action plan includes (1) AIRWAYS integrated care pathways (ICPs), (2) the joint initiative between the Reference site MACVIA-LR (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif) and ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma), (3) Commitments for Action to the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing and the AIRWAYS ICPs network. It is deployed in collaboration with the World Health Organization Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD). The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing has proposed a 5-step framework for developing an individual scaling up strategy: (1) what to scale up: (1-a) databases of good practices, (1-b) assessment of viability of the scaling up of good practices, (1-c) classification of good practices for local replication and (2) how to scale up: (2-a) facilitating partnerships for scaling up, (2-b) implementation of key success factors and lessons learnt, including emerging technologies for individualised and predictive medicine. This strategy has already been applied to the chronic respiratory disease action plan of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing.
Harries AD, Ade S, Burney PGJ, et al., 2016, Successfully treated but not fit for purpose: paying attention to chronic lung impairment after TB treatment, International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Vol: 20, Pages: 1010-1014(5), ISSN: 1815-7920
In 2013, 86% of patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) successfully completed treatment and were discharged from care. However, long-term studies in industrialised and resource-poor countries all point to a higher risk of death in TB survivors than in the general population. The likely explanation is chronic restrictive and obstructive lung disease consequent to TB. We call for better linkages between TB control programmes and respiratory medicine services, a better understanding of the burden of respiratory disability at the end of antituberculosis treatment, and political, programmatic, clinical and research action to improve the quality of life of affected patients.
Makowska JS, Burney P, Jarvis D, et al., 2016, Respiratory hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs in Europe: the global allergy and asthma network (GA(2) LEN) survey., Allergy, ISSN: 0105-4538
BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most prevalent drugs inducing hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of this analysis was to estimate the prevalence of NSAID-induced respiratory symptoms in population across Europe and to assess its association with upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. METHODS: The GA(2) LEN survey was conducted in 22 centers in 15 European countries. Each of 19 centers selected random samples of 5000 adults aged 15-74 from their general population, and in three centers (Athens, Munich, Oslo), a younger population was sampled. Questionnaires including questions about age, gender, presence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, smoking status, and history of NSAID-induced hypersensitivity reactions were sent to participants by mail. Totally, 62 737 participants completed the questionnaires. RESULTS: The mean prevalence of NSAID-induced dyspnea was 1.9% and was highest in the three Polish centers [Katowice (4.9%), Krakow (4.8%), and Lodz (4.4%)] and lowest in Skopje, (0.9%), Amsterdam (1.1%), and Umea (1.2%). In multivariate analysis, the prevalence of respiratory reactions to NSAIDs was higher in participants with chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms (Odds Ratio 2.12; 95%CI 1.78-2.74), asthma symptoms in last 12 months (2.7; 2.18-3.35), hospitalization due to asthma (1.53; 1.22-1.99), and adults vs children (1.53; 1.24-1.89), but was not associated with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION: Our study documented significant variation between European countries in the prevalence of NSAID-induced respiratory hypersensitivity reactions, and association with chronic airway diseases, but also with environmental factors.
Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Hellings PW, et al., 2016, MACVIA clinical decision algorithm in adolescents and adults with allergic rhinitis, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol: 138, Pages: 367-374.e2, ISSN: 1097-6825
The selection of pharmacotherapy for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) depends on several factors, including age, prominent symptoms, symptom severity, control of AR, patient preferences, and cost. Allergen exposure and the resulting symptoms vary, and treatment adjustment is required. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) might be beneficial for the assessment of disease control. CDSSs should be based on the best evidence and algorithms to aid patients and health care professionals to jointly determine treatment and its step-up or step-down strategy depending on AR control. Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR [fighting chronic diseases for active and healthy ageing]), one of the reference sites of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, has initiated an allergy sentinel network (the MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel Network). A CDSS is currently being developed to optimize AR control. An algorithm developed by consensus is presented in this article. This algorithm should be confirmed by appropriate trials.
Loh LC, Rashid A, Sholehah S, et al., 2016, Low prevalence of obstructive lung disease in a suburban population of Malaysia: A BOLD collaborative study, Respirology, Vol: 21, Pages: 1055-1061, ISSN: 1440-1843
Background and objectiveAs a Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) collaboration, we studied the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its associated risk factors in a suburban population in Malaysia.MethodsNonhospitalized men or women of age ≥ 40 years from a Penang district were recruited by stratified simple random sampling. Participants completed detailed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and exposure to COPD risk factors. Prebronchodilator and post-bronchodilator spirometry conducted was standardized across all international BOLD sites in device and data quality control.ResultsOf the 1218 individuals recruited for the study, 663 (340 men and 323 women) had complete questionnaire data and acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry. The estimated population prevalence of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) ≥ stage I was 6.5% or 3.4% based on either fixed forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio of <0.7 or National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey-derived lower limit of normal ratio while the prevalence of GOLD ≥ stage II was either 4.6% or 3.1%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed independent association between all stages of COPD with cigarette smoking pack years (adjusted odds ratio per 10-year increase: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.09–2.75), use of biomass fuel for cooking (1.61; 1.10–2.36) and exposure to dusty job (1.50; 1.09–2.06).ConclusionThis study represented the first robust population-based epidemiology data on COPD for Malaysia. Compared with other sites globally, our estimated population prevalence was relatively low. In addition to cigarette smoking, use of biomass fuel and exposure to dusty job represented significant risk to the development of COPD.
Mahesh PA, Wong GWK, Ogorodova L, et al., 2016, Prevalence of food sensitization and probable food allergy among adults in India: the EuroPrevall INCO study, Allergy, Vol: 71, Pages: 1010-1019, ISSN: 1398-9995
BackgroundData are lacking regarding the prevalence of food sensitization and probable food allergy among general population in India. We report the prevalence of sensitization and probable food allergy to 24 common foods among adults from general population in Karnataka, South India.MethodologyThe study was conducted in two stages: a screening study and a case–control study. A total of 11 791 adults in age group 20–54 were randomly sampled from general population in South India and answered a screening questionnaire. A total of 588 subjects (236 cases and 352 controls) participated in the case–control study involving a detailed questionnaire and specific IgE estimation for 24 common foods.ResultsA high level of sensitization (26.5%) was observed for most of the foods in the general population, higher than that observed among adults in Europe, except for those foods that cross-react with birch pollen. Most of the sensitization was observed in subjects who had total IgE above the median IgE level. A high level of cross-reactivity was observed among different pollens and foods and among foods. The prevalence of probable food allergy (self-reports of adverse symptoms after the consumption of food and specific IgE to the same food) was 1.2%, which was mainly accounted for cow's milk (0.5%) and apple (0.5%).ConclusionVery high levels of sensitization were observed for most foods, including those not commonly consumed in the general population. For the levels of sensitization, the prevalence of probable food allergy was low. This disassociation needs to be further explored in future studies.
Denguezli M, Daldoul H, Harrabi I, et al., 2016, COPD in Nonsmokers: Reports From the Tunisian Population-Based Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study., PLOS One, Vol: 11, ISSN: 1932-6203
BackgroundIt’s currently well known that smoking and increasing age constitute the most important risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about COPD among nonsmokers. The present study aimed to investigate prevalence, risk factors and the profiles of COPD among nonsmokers based on the Tunisian Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study.Methods807 adults aged 40 years+ were randomly selected from the general population. We collected information about history of respiratory disease, risk factors for COPD and quality of life. Post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed for assessment of COPD. COPD diagnostic was based on the post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio, according to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. The lower limit of normal (LLN) was determined as an alternative threshold for the FEV1/FVC ratio.Results and ConclusionsAmong 485 nonsmokers, 4.7% met the criteria for GOLD grade I and higher COPD. These proportions were similar even when the LLN was used as a threshold. None of the nonsmokers with COPD reported a previous doctor diagnosis of COPD compared to 7.1% of smokers. Nonsmokers accounted for 45.1% of the subjects fulfilling the GOLD spirometric criteria of COPD. Nonsmokers were predominately men and reported more asthma problems than obstructed smokers. Among nonsmokers significantly more symptoms and higher co-morbidity were found among those with COPD. Increasing age, male gender, occupational exposure, lower body mass index and a previous diagnosis of asthma are associated with increased risk for COPD in nonsmokers. This study confirms previous evidence that nonsmokers comprise a substantial proportion of individuals with COPD. Nonsmokers with COPD have a specific profile and should, thus, receive far greater attention to prevent and treat chronic airway obstruction.
Houben G, Burney P, Chan C-H, et al., 2016, Prioritisation of allergenic foods with respect to public health relevance Report from an ILSI Europe Food Allergy Task Force Expert Group., FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, Vol: 89, Pages: 8-18, ISSN: 0278-6915
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Minelli C, Dean CH, Hind M, et al., 2016, Association of Forced Vital Capacity with the Developmental Gene NCOR2, PLOS One, Vol: 11, ISSN: 1932-6203
BackgroundForced Vital Capacity (FVC) is an important predictor of all-cause mortality in the absenceof chronic respiratory conditions. Epidemiological evidence highlights the role of early lifefactors on adult FVC, pointing to environmental exposures and genes affecting lung developmentas risk factors for low FVC later in life. Although highly heritable, a small number ofgenes have been found associated with FVC, and we aimed at identifying further geneticvariants by focusing on lung development genes.PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0147388 February 2, 2016 1 / 17OPEN ACCESSCitation: Minelli C, Dean CH, Hind M, Alves AC,Amaral AFS, Siroux V, et al. (2016) Association ofForced Vital Capacity with the Developmental GeneNCOR2. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0147388. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147388Editor: Philipp Latzin, University Children's HospitalBasel, SWITZERLANDReceived: August 28, 2015Accepted: January 4, 2016Published: February 2, 2016Copyright: © 2016 Minelli et al. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution License, which permitsunrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided the original author and source arecredited.Data Availability Statement: All relevant data arewithin the paper and its Supporting Information files.Funding: The authors have no support or funding toreport.Competing Interests: The authors have declaredthat no competing interests exist.MethodsPer-allele effects of 24,728 SNPs in 403 genes involved in lung development were tested in7,749 adults from three studies (NFBC1966, ECRHS, EGEA). The most significant SNP forthe top 25 genes was followed-up in 46,103 adults (CHARGE and SpiroMeta consortia) and5,062 children (ALSPAC). Associations were considered replicated if the replication p-valuesurvived Bonferroni correction (p<0.002; 0.05/25), with a nominal p-value considered assuggestive evidence. For SNPs with evidence of replication, effects on the expression levelsof n
Lawin H, Agodokpessi G, Ayelo P, et al., 2016, A cross-sectional study with an improved methodology to assess occupational air pollution exposure and respiratory health in motorcycle taxi driving, Science of the Total Environment, Vol: 550, Pages: 1-5, ISSN: 0048-9697
Vanfleteren LEGW, Lamprecht B, Studnicka M, et al., 2016, Body mass index and chronic airflow limitation in a worldwide population-based study, Chronic Respiratory Disease, Vol: 13, Pages: 90-101, ISSN: 1479-9731
Amaral AFS, Coton S, Kato B, et al., 2016, Lung function defects in treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients, European Respiratory Journal, Vol: 47, ISSN: 1399-3003
Forouzanfar MH, Alexander L, Anderson HR, et al., 2015, Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, LANCET, Vol: 386, Pages: 2287-2323, ISSN: 0140-6736
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Loh LC, Rashid A, Sholehah S, et al., 2015, LOW PREVALENCE OF OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE IN A SUBURBAN POPULATION OF MALAYSIA: A BOLD COLLABORATIVE STUDY, RESPIROLOGY, Vol: 20, Pages: 54-54, ISSN: 1323-7799
Amaral AFS, Newson RB, Abramson MJ, et al., 2015, Changes in IgE sensitization and total IgE levels over 20 years of follow-up, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol: 137, Pages: 1788-1795.e9, ISSN: 1097-6825
Background: Cross-sectional studies have reported a lower prevalence of sensitisation in older adults, but few longitudinal studies have examined whether this is an aging or a year-of birth cohort effect. Objective: To assess changes in sensitisation and total IgE in a cohort of European adults as they aged over a 20-year period.Methods: Serum specific IgE to common aeroallergens (house dust mite, cat, grass) and total IgE were measured in 3206 adults, from 25 centres in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, on three occasions over 20 years. Changes in sensitisation and total IgE were analysed by regression analysis, corrected for potential differences in laboratory equipment, and using inverse sampling-probability weights to account for non-response.Results: Over the 20-year follow-up, the prevalence of sensitisation to at least one of the three allergens fell from 29.4% to 24.8% (-4.6%, 95%CI: -7.0% to -2.1%). The prevalence of sensitisation to house dust mite (-4.3%, 95%CI: -6.0% to -2.6%) and cat (-2.1%, 95%CI: - 3.6% to -0.7%) fell more than sensitisation to grass (-0.6%, 95%CI: -2.5% to 1.3%). Age specific prevalence of sensitisation to house dust mite and cat did not differ between year-of birth cohorts, but sensitisation to grass was most prevalent in the most recent ones. Overall, total IgE fell significantly (geometric mean ratio: 0.63, 95%CI 0.58 to 0.68), at all ages, in all year-of-birth cohorts.Conclusion: Aging was associated with lower levels of sensitisation, especially to house dust mite and cat, after the age of 20.
Amaral AFS, Patel J, Gnatiuc L, et al., 2015, Association of pulse wave velocity with total lung capacity: A cross-sectional analysis of the BOLD London study, Respiratory Medicine, ISSN: 1532-3064
BackgroundLow lung function, measured using spirometry, has been associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease, but whether this is explained by airflow obstruction or restriction is a question that remains unanswered.ObjectivesTo assess the association of total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) with several cardio-metabolic and inflammatory markers.MethodsIn the follow up of the Burden of Lung Disease (BOLD) study in London, acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometric, pulse rate, pulse wave velocity and blood pressure data were obtained from 108 participants. Blood samples for measurement of cardio-metabolic and inflammatory markers were also collected from these participants. Association of lung function and volume with the different biomarkers was examined in multivariable linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsFollowing adjustment for age, sex, height, and ethnicity, TLC (adjusted coefficient = −1.53; 95% CI: −2.57, −0.49) and FVC (adjusted coefficient = −2.66; 95% CI: −4.98, −0.34) were inversely associated with pulse wave velocity, and further adjustment for smoking status, pack-years and body mass index (BMI) did not materially change these results. FEV1 was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure, and adjustment for smoking status, pack-years and BMI made this association stronger (adjusted coefficient = −9.47; 95% CI: −15.62, −3.32).ConclusionThe inverse association of pulse wave velocity, which is a marker of cardiovascular disease, with TLC suggests that the association of the former with low FVC is independent of airflow obstruction. The association between FEV1 with systolic blood pressure after adjustment for FVC suggests an association with airflow obstruction rather than with restricted spirometry.
Bousquet J, Schunemann HJ, Fonseca J, et al., 2015, MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): the new generation guideline implementation, Allergy, Vol: 70, Pages: 1372-1392, ISSN: 0105-4538
Several unmet needs have been identified in allergic rhinitis: identification of the time of onset of the pollen season, optimal control of rhinitis and comorbidities, patient stratification, multidisciplinary team for integrated care pathways, innovation in clinical trials and, above all, patient empowerment. MASK-rhinitis (MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a simple system centred around the patient which was devised to fill many of these gaps using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools and a clinical decision support system (CDSS) based on the most widely used guideline in allergic rhinitis and its asthma comorbidity (ARIA 2015 revision). It is one of the implementation systems of Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA). Three tools are used for the electronic monitoring of allergic diseases: a cell phone-based daily visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment of disease control, CARAT (Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test) and e-Allergy screening (premedical system of early diagnosis of allergy and asthma based on online tools). These tools are combined with a clinical decision support system (CDSS) and are available in many languages. An e-CRF and an e-learning tool complete MASK. MASK is flexible and other tools can be added. It appears to be an advanced, global and integrated ICT answer for many unmet needs in allergic diseases which will improve policies and standards.
Quanjer PH, Ruppel G, Brusasco V, et al., 2015, COPD (confusion over proper diagnosis) in the zone of maximum uncertainty, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 46, Pages: 1523-1524, ISSN: 0903-1936
Obaseki DO, Erhabor GE, Gnatiuc L, et al., 2015, Chronic airflow obstruction in a Black African Population: results of BOLD study, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Vol: 13, Pages: 42-49, ISSN: 1541-2555
Lamprecht B, Soriano JB, Studnicka M, et al., 2015, Determinants of underdiagnosis of COPD in national and international surveys, Chest, Vol: 148, Pages: 971-985, ISSN: 0012-3692
BACKGROUNDCOPD ranks within the top three causes of mortality in the global burden of disease, yet it remains largely underdiagnosed. We assessed the underdiagnosis of COPD and its determinants in national and international surveys of general populations.METHODSWe analyzed representative samples of adults aged ≥ 40 years randomly selected from well-defined administrative areas worldwide (44 sites from 27 countries). Postbronchodilator FEV 1/FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN) was used to define chronic airflow limitation consistent with COPD. Undiagnosed COPD was considered when participants had postbronchodilator FEV 1/FVC < LLN but were not given a diagnosis of COPD.RESULTSAmong 30,874 participants with a mean age of 56 years, 55.8% were women, and 22.9% were current smokers. Population prevalence of (spirometrically defined) COPD ranged from 3.6% in Barranquilla, Colombia, to 19.0% in Cape Town, South Africa. Only 26.4% reported a previous lung function test, and only 5.0% reported a previous diagnosis of COPD, whereas 9.7% had a postbronchodilator FEV 1/FVC < LLN. Overall, 81.4% of (spirometrically defined) COPD cases were undiagnosed, with the highest rate in Ile-Ife, Nigeria (98.3%) and the lowest rate in Lexington, Kentucky (50.0%). In multivariate analysis, a greater probability of underdiagnosis of COPD was associated with male sex, younger age, never and current smoking, lower education, no previous spirometry, and less severe airflow limitation.CONCLUSIONSEven with substantial heterogeneity in COPD prevalence, COPD underdiagnosis is universally high. Because effective management strategies are available for COPD, spirometry can help in the diagnosis of COPD at a stage when treatment will lead to better outcomes and improved quality of life. CHEST 2015; 148(4):971-985
Amaral AFS, Coton S, Kato B, et al., 2015, Tuberculosis associates with both airflow obstruction and low lung function: BOLD results, European Respiratory Journal, Vol: 46, Pages: 1104-1112, ISSN: 1399-3003
In small studies and cases series, a history of tuberculosis has been associated with both airflow obstruction, which is characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and restrictive patterns on spirometry. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between a history of tuberculosis and airflow obstruction and spirometric abnormalities in adults.The study was performed in adults, aged 40 years and above, who took part in the multicentre, cross-sectional, general population-based Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study, and had provided acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry measurements and information on a history of tuberculosis. The associations between a history of tuberculosis and airflow obstruction and spirometric restriction were assessed within each participating centre, and estimates combined using meta-analysis. These estimates were stratified by high- and low/middle-income countries, according to gross national income.A self-reported history of tuberculosis was associated with airflow obstruction (adjusted odds ratio 2.51, 95% CI 1.83–3.42) and spirometric restriction (adjusted odds ratio 2.13, 95% CI 1.42–3.19).A history of tuberculosis was associated with both airflow obstruction and spirometric restriction, and should be considered as a potentially important cause of obstructive disease and low lung function, particularly where tuberculosis is common.
Garcia Larsen V, Heinrich J, Omenaas E, et al., 2015, Dietary intake and ventilatory function decline in adults from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), The European Respiratory Society (ERS) Annual Conference, Pages: 1995-1995, ISSN: 0904-1850
Townend J, Minelli C, Harrabi I, et al., 2015, Development of an international scale of socio-economic position based on household assets., Emerg Themes Epidemiol, Vol: 12, Pages: 13-13
BACKGROUND: The importance of studying associations between socio-economic position and health has often been highlighted. Previous studies have linked the prevalence and severity of lung disease with national wealth and with socio-economic position within some countries but there has been no systematic evaluation of the association between lung function and poverty at the individual level on a global scale. The BOLD study has collected data on lung function for individuals in a wide range of countries, however a barrier to relating this to personal socio-economic position is the need for a suitable measure to compare individuals within and between countries. In this paper we test a method for assessing socio-economic position based on the scalability of a set of durable assets (Mokken scaling), and compare its usefulness across countries of varying gross national income per capita. RESULTS: Ten out of 15 candidate asset questions included in the questionnaire were found to form a Mokken type scale closely associated with GNI per capita (Spearman's rank rs = 0.91, p = 0.002). The same set of assets conformed to a scale in 7 out of the 8 countries, the remaining country being Saudi Arabia where most respondents owned most of the assets. There was good consistency in the rank ordering of ownership of the assets in the different countries (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96). Scores on the Mokken scale were highly correlated with scores developed using principal component analysis (rs = 0.977). CONCLUSIONS: Mokken scaling is a potentially valuable tool for uncovering links between disease and socio-economic position within and between countries. It provides an alternative to currently used methods such as principal component analysis for combining personal asset data to give an indication of individuals' relative wealth. Relative strengths of the Mokken scale method were considered to be ease of interpretation, adaptability for comparison w
Cherkaski HH, Atoui F, Yakoubi R, et al., 2015, Prevalence and characteristics of chronic airflow obstruction in adult nonsmokers: Results from the BOLD study in Annaba, Algeria, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Saad NJ, Patel J, Minelli C, et al., 2015, LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: Birth weight and lung function in later life: A systematic review & meta-analysis, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Marcon A, Anto JM, Cerveri I, et al., 2015, Can we use pre-bronchodilator spirometry to define post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction?, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
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