Publications
677 results found
Guo M, Richter GM, Holland RA, et al., 2016, Implementing land-use and ecosystem service effects into an integrated bioenergy value chain optimisation framework, Computers and Chemical Engineering, Vol: 91, Pages: 392-406, ISSN: 0098-1354
This study presents a multi-objective optimisation model that is configured to account for a range of interrelated or conflicting questions with regard to the introduction of bioenergy systems. A spatial-temporal mixed integer linear programming model ETI-BVCM (Energy Technologies Institute – Bioenergy Value Chain Model) (ETI, 2015b, Newton-Cross, 2015, Samsatli et al., 2015) was adopted and extended to incorporate resource-competing systems and effects on ecosystem services brought about by the land-use transitions in response to increasing bioenergy penetration over five decades. The extended model functionality allows exploration of the effects of constraining ecosystem services impacts on other system-wide performance measures such as cost or greenhouse gas emissions. The users can therefore constrain the overall model by metric indicators which quantify the changes of ecosystem services due to land use transitions. The model provides a decision-making tool for optimal design of bioenergy value chains supporting an economically and land-use efficient and environmentally sustainable UK energy system while still delivering multiple ecosystem services.
Mac Dowell N, Shah N, Staffell I, et al., 2016, Quantifying the Value of CCS for the Future ElectricitySystem, Energy & Environmental Science, Vol: 9, Pages: 2497-2510, ISSN: 1754-5706
Many studies have quantified the cost of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) power plants, butrelatively few discuss or appreciate the unique value this technology provides to the electricity system.CCS is routinely identified as a key factor in least-cost transitions to a low-carbon electricitysystem in 2050, one with significant value by providing dispatchable and low-carbon electricity.This paper investigates production, demand and stability characteristics of the current and futureelectricity system. We analyse the Carbon Intensity (CI) of electricity systems composed of unabatedthermal (coal and gas), abated (CCS), and wind power plants for different levels of windavailability with a view to quantifying the value to the system of different generation mixes. As athought experiment we consider the supply side of a UK-sized electricity system and compare theeffect of combining wind and CCS capacity with unabated thermal power plants. The resultingcapacity mix, system cost and CI are used to highlight the importance of differentiating betweenintermittent and firm low-carbon power generators. We observe that, in the absence of energystorage or demand side management, the deployment of intermittent renewable capacity cannotsignificantly displace unabated thermal power, and consequently can achieve only moderatereductions in overall CI. A system deploying sufficient wind capacity to meet peak demand canreduce CI from 0.78 tCO2/MWh, a level according to unabated fossil power generation, to 0.38tCO2/MWh. The deployment of CCS power plants displaces unabated thermal plants, and whilstit is more costly than unabated thermal plus wind, this system can achieve an overall CI of 0.1tCO2/MWh. The need to evaluate CCS using a systemic perspective in order to appreciate itsunique value is a core conclusion of this study.
Kong Q, Shah N, 2016, An optimisation-based framework for the conceptual design of reaction-separation processes, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Vol: 113, Pages: 206-222, ISSN: 0263-8762
Prior to detailed process design, it is vital to first generate a good flowsheet that meets particular objective. This is particularly the case in bio-based materials and products, where, given a range of chemistries, the synthesis problem is not about the best way to make a particular product but rather the best way to convert a specific feedstock. In order to do so, an optimisation-based framework, which can be used to identify the optimal configuration of a process network that consists of both reactions and separation systems to achieve maximum economic potential, is presented in this paper. A process superstructure, which includes the concept of master reaction stages and subsidiary separation stages, is introduced to facilitate the theory. The problem is formulated as a generalised mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model which accounts for the simultaneous selection of products and identification of the process configuration. The solution of the optimisation problem includes the best possible economic performance, identification of active reactions, reaction ordering and separation sequences along with the corresponding flowsheet of the optimal process. The economic criterion takes account of raw materials costs, product values and separation related costs. Two bio-based chemical case studies are presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology.
Alhajaj A, Mac Dowell N, Shah N, 2016, A techno-economic analysis of post-combustion CO2 capture and compression applied to a combined cycle gas turbine: Part II. Identifying the cost-optimal control and design variables, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol: 52, Pages: 331-343, ISSN: 1750-5836
A detailed optimization-orientated model of monoethanolamine-based CO2 capture plant and compression train in which all the technical and economic assumptions are defined and/or optimized was developed and used to simultaneously determine the cost optimal control and design variables including feed fraction ratio at different degrees of capture (DOC), which represents the amount of CO2 removed, for plant designs that partially bypass the CO2 capture process so as to achieve low to moderate reductions of CO2, but at lower overall cost. The effects of varying carbon prices on the levelized cost of CO2 capture and compression were also studied. The capture bypass option was observed to be the cost optimal choice for lower than 60% overall DOC. Carbon prices were observed to have a clear impact on the cost optimal DOC, with the cost-optimal DOC shifting from 70%–80% to 85%–90% at carbon prices of $4/tCO2to $23/tCO2 respectively. The study highlighted that if a suitably high carbon price does not materialize through a market mechanism, appropriate policies need to be put in place to achieve decarbonisation targets.
Klymenko O, Royle K, Polizzi KM, et al., 2016, Designing an Artificial Golgi Reactor to achieve targeted glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies, AICHE Journal, Vol: 62, Pages: 2959-2973, ISSN: 0001-1541
The therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is dependent upon their glycosylationpatterns. As the largest group of currently approved biopharmaceuticals, the microheterogeneity inmAb oligosaccharide profiles deriving from mammalian cell production is a challenge to thebiopharmaceutical industry. Disengaging the glycosylation process from the cell may offer significantenhancement of product quality and allow better control and reproducibility in line with the Quality byDesign paradigm. Three potential designs of an Artificial Golgi reactor implementing targeted sequentialglycosylation of mAbs are proposed including a (i) microcapillary film reactor, (ii) packed bed reactorwith non-porous pellets, and (iii) packed bed reactor with porous pellets. Detailed mathematical modelsare developed to predict their performance for a range of design and operational parameters. While allthree reactor designs can achieve desired conversion levels, the choice of a particular one depends onthe required throughput and the associated cost of enzymes and co-substrates.
Kuriyan K, Shah N, 2016, Tools and Workflows in the Design of Urban Energy Systems, American Institue of Chemical Engineers, Annual Meeting
Acha Izquierdo S, Dalpane P, Shah N, 2016, Operational and Economic Analysis of GSHP Coupled with Refrigeration Systems in UK Supermarkets, 2016 ASHRAE Annual Conference, Publisher: ASHRAE
Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP) are capable of reducing energy consumption by operating at higher efficiencies than conventional gas systems, especiallyif coupled with refrigeration units such as in supermarkets. In principle, the heat rejected by refrigerators can be harnessed to raise the efficiency of the heatpumps. This paper presents the results of an operational and economic analysis conducted on this innovative system. Overall, the efficiency of all the GSHPsystems under consideration appears to be above the eligibility threshold for the UK Government’s incentive (Renewable Heat incentive, RHI), with theaverage Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOP) of the stores being 3.0 in 2014. From an economic perspective, such average performance leads tomore than £120,000 of operational savings per year compared to gas boiler systems. Calculations show an investment Payback Time (PBT) of less than8 years. Finally, the paper highlights potential cost reductions achievable through operational and design modifications. Overall results show that GSHPcoupled with refrigeration systems present sound fundamentals to be considered as an attractive investment opportunity for food retailers.
Acha Izquierdo S, Cedillos D, Shah N, 2016, Optimal Technology Selection and Operation of Bio-methane CHP Units for Commercial Buildings, 2016 ASHRAE Annual Conference, Publisher: ASHRAE
This paper explores the optimal implementation of bio-methane fuelled combined heat and power (CHP) systems to satisfy heat and electricity demands ofcommercial buildings; with the overarching goal of making cost-effective investments and decarbonizing building operations. The research work consisted inthe development of a CHP technology selection and operation (TSO) optimization model. Its results can be utilized to develop a strategy for investment inbio-methane CHP projects for a portfolio of buildings. The TSO model enables a new approach for the selection and operation of CHP units thatencompasses whole life costing, carbon emissions as well as real-time energy prices and demands, providing a more comprehensive result than current methods.Utilizing historic metered energy demands, projected energy prices and a portfolio of available CHP technologies, the mathematical model simultaneouslysolves for an optimal CHP unit selection and operational strategy for a determined building based on a preferred objective: minimizing cost, minimizingGHG emissions, or a mix of both. Results of this model prove that attractive cost and emissions savings are possible through the optimal selection andoperation of CHP technologies fuelled by bio-methane
Heuberger CF, Staffell I, Shah N, et al., 2016, Levelised Value of Electricity - A Systemic Approach to Technology Valuation, 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering - ESCAPE 26
Sikarwar VS, Zhao M, Clough P, et al., 2016, An overview of advances in biomass gasification, Energy and Environmental Science, Vol: 9, Pages: 2939-2977, ISSN: 1754-5692
Biomass gasification is a widely used thermochemical process for obtaining products with more value and potential applications than the raw material itself. Cutting-edge, innovative and economical gasification techniques with high efficiencies are a prerequisite for the development of this technology. This paper delivers an assessment on the fundamentals such as feedstock types, the impact of different operating parameters, tar formation and cracking, and modelling approaches for biomass gasification. Furthermore, the authors comparatively discuss various conventional mechanisms for gasification as well as recent advances in biomass gasification. Unique gasifiers along with multi-generation strategies are discussed as a means to promote this technology into alternative applications, which require higher flexibility and greater efficiency. A strategy to improve the feasibility and sustainability of biomass gasification is via technological advancement and the minimization of socio-environmental effects. This paper sheds light on diverse areas of biomass gasification as a potentially sustainable and environmentally friendly technology.
Kucherenko S, Klymenko OV, Shah N, 2016, Sobol' indices for problems defined in non-rectangular domains
A novel theoretical and numerical framework for the estimation of Sobol sensitivity indices for models in which inputs are confined to a non-rectangular domain (e.g., in presence of inequality constraints) is developed. Two numerical methods, namely the quadrature integration method which may be very efficient for problems of low and medium dimensionality and the MC/QMC estimators based on the acceptance-rejection sampling method are proposed for the numerical estimation of Sobol sensitivity indices. Several model test functions with constraints are considered for which analytical solutions for Sobol sensitivity indices were found. These solutions were used as benchmarks for verifying numerical estimates. The method is shown to be general and efficient.
Lambert R, Lemke F, Song S, et al., 2016, Global sensitivity analysis using sparse high dimensional model representations generated by the group method of data handling, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, Vol: 128, Pages: 42-54, ISSN: 1872-7166
In this paper, the parameter selection capabilities of the group method of data handling (GMDH) as an inductive self-organizing modelling method are used to construct sparse random sampling high dimensional model representations (RS-HDMR), from which the Sobol’s first and second order global sensitivity indices can be derived. The proposed method is capable of dealing with high-dimensional problems without the prior use of a screening technique and can perform with a relatively limited number of function evaluations, even in the case of under-determined modelling problems. Four classical benchmark test functions are used for the evaluation of the proposed technique.
Acha Izquierdo S, Bustos-Turu G, Shah N, 2016, Modelling Real-Time Pricing of Electricity for EnergyConservation Measures in the UK Commercial Sector, Energycon 2016, Publisher: IEEE
Electricity bills in the UK are increasing year after year due to power market conditions and they will most likely continue to rise. These high costs are reducing the profitability of businesses and thus efforts on understanding and mitigating these charges are a key concern for companies in order to improve their bottom line. This paper focuses on detailing a comprehensive bottom-up model of electricity commercial bills that generates real-time price curves; thus allowing customers to comprehend the true cost of the electricity they consume. The model provides profiles for different UK regions across various seasons. These insights are valuable because they can be used to inform more accurately energy efficiency programs in terms such as return on investment. By knowing where energy is more expensive it makes it easier to prioritize investments. Results overall show Yorkshire has the highest rates, while the South West has the most expensive peaks. Meanwhile, London and Southern England have the cheapest rates.
Acha Izquierdo S, Van Dam KH, Markides C, et al., 2016, Simulating residential electricity and heat demand in urban areas using an agent-based modelling approach, Energycon 2016, Publisher: IEEE
Cities account for around 75% of the global energy demand and are responsible for 60-70% of the global greenhouse gasses emissions. To reduce this environmental impact it is important to design efficient energy infrastructures able to deal with high level of renewable energy resources. A crucial element in this design is the quantitative understanding of the dynamics behind energy demands such as transport, electricity and heat. In this paper an agent-based simulation model is developed to generate residential energy demand profiles in urban areas, influenced by factors such as land use, energy infrastructure and user behaviour. Within this framework, impact assessment of low carbon technologies such as plug-in electric vehicles and heat pumps is performed using London as a case study. The results show that the model can generate important insights as a decision support tool for the design and planning of sustainable urban energy systems.
Acha Izquierdo S, Mavromatidis G, Caritte V, et al., 2016, Effective Low-cost Energy Saving Strategies in Supermarkets: An UK Case Study, ECOS 2013
Supermarket buildings are complex energy systems that require careful study to make sure they perform in asensible manner. The retail pressure of delivering stores in a short time makes engineering commissioningteams prone to mistakes and therefore, despite stores being newly built and carefully designed, theirsystems are not ideally set up; thus making the building underperform from day one. Consequently, energysavings are within easy reach if an effort is made to re-evaluate stores shortly after their opening date. Thispaper focuses on how adequate monitoring and good housekeeping can lead to effective energy savingstrategies for a better management of services such as lighting, refrigeration, heating and ventilation.Additionally, a focused effort in curtailing energy use in supermarkets can also seriously reduce operationalcarbon related emissions; an ever-growing concern for retailers in an environment where sustainabilitypractice is highly valued by consumers. A case study of a 35,000 ft2 supermarket located in the south-eastof England serves as a vehicle to present and quantify effective, low-cost energy saving strategies.Extensive monitoring capabilities allow us to set a benchmark for all systems which then serves to assessthe effectiveness of trials performed. Trials consist of: a) enhancing the dimming capabilities of the lightingsystem by improving sensor location and code, b) improving settings of fans and boiler system that reduceheating and ventilation requirements, and c) advocating the proper use of night-blinds in cabinets coupledwith suction optimization of compressors that save energy use in the refrigeration system. All of these livetrials have the feature of working closely with store staff and management, specialised contractors andacademics. The synergy of parties allows the energy trials to succeed since aside from having solid technicalfoundations they have the full support from the people that work day in and day out in the supermarket &nda
Lambert RSC, Polak JW, Maier S, et al., 2016, Optimal phasing of district heating network investments using multi-stage stochastic programming, International journal of sustainable energy planning and management, Vol: 09, Pages: 57-57
Lin YZ, Guo M, Shah N, et al., 2016, Economic and environmental evaluation of nitrogen removal and recovery methods from wastewater, Bioresource Technology, Vol: 215, Pages: 227-238, ISSN: 1873-2976
The driver for waste-based economic growth is long-term strategic design, and a paradigm-shift from waste treatment to resource recovery. This study aims to use an integrated modelling approach to evaluate the holistic economic and environmental profiles of three alternative nitrogen removal and recovery methods integrated into wastewater treatment systems, including conventional nitrification-denitrification, Anammox, and the anaerobic ion exchange route, to provide insights into N recovery system designs which are key elements in building a sustainable circular economy. Our results suggest that ion exchange is a promising technology showing high N removal-recovery efficiency from municipal wastewater and delivering competitive sustainability scores. In comparison with the well-developed conventional route, ion exchange and Anammox are undergoing significant research and development; as highlighted in sensitivity analyses, there is considerable room for process design and optimization of ion exchange systems to achieve economically and environmentally optimal performance.
Patel B, Guo M, Shah N, et al., 2016, Environmental Profile of Algal Hydrothermal Liquefaction – A Country Specific Case Study, Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts, Vol: 16, Pages: 127-140, ISSN: 2211-9264
Microalgae are known to be an important feedstock not just for biofuel but also biochemical production. In this investigation we utilise a cradle-to-biorefinery-gate attributional LCA (aLCA) methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of Nannochloropsis sp. derived algal biocrude production. A database of primary experimental data for continuous fast Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) and Hydrotreating (HDT) is combined with secondary data from literature to investigate the overall environmental profiles of cultivation, dewatering, HTL and HDT for various scenarios based on the energy generation mix of 5 countries (Brazil, UK, Spain, China and Australia) as well as a comparison with fossil crude. The investigation found that Brazil delivers best environmental profiles for all scenarios, primarily due to its significant contribution from hydropower. Furthermore, the cultivation and HTL processes account for nearly 90% of environmental burdens whereas dewatering and HDT only contribute less than 8%. The research findings highlight the importance of the several factors on the resulting 3G biofuel profiling e.g. energy resource, processing technology choice and the co-product(s) and emissions profiling methodology. Algal biocrude is still undergoing research and development compared to the well-developed fossil crude industry. Via integration and optimisation at process and value chain levels, algae-derived biocrude has the potential to deliver an environmentally sustainable alternative to the fossil crude, provided the energy input for processing is from a renewable source.
Giarola S, Romain C, Williams C, et al., 2016, Techno-economic assessment of the production of phthalic anhydride from corn stover, Chemical Engineering Research & Design, Vol: 107, Pages: 181-194, ISSN: 1744-3563
Phthalic anhydride is used worldwide for an extremely broad range of applications spanning from the plastics industry to the synthesis of resins, agricultural fungicides and amines. This work proposes a conceptual design of a process for the production of phthalic anhydride from an agricultural residue (i.e. corn stover), energy integration alternatives as well as water consumption and life cycle greenhouse emissions assessment. The techno-economic and financial appraisal of the flowsheet proposed is performed. Results show how the valorization of all the carbohydrate-rich fractions present in the biomass as well as energy savings and integration is crucial to obtain an economically viable process and that it is in principle possible to produce renewable phthalic anhydride in a cost-competitive fashion with a lower impact on climate change compared to the traditional synthetic route.
Delval F, Guo M, van Dam KH, et al., 2016, Integrated multi-level bioenergy supply chain modelling applied to sugarcane biorefineries in South Africa, 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, ISSN: 1570-7946
Nguyen R, Guo M, Musikavong C, et al., 2016, Supply Chain Optimisation of Nipa-based bioethanol industry in Thailand, 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE 26), ISSN: 1570-7946
Koppelaar RHEM, Keirstead J, Shah N, et al., 2016, A review of policy analysis purpose and capabilities of electricity system models, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol: 59, Pages: 1531-1544, ISSN: 1364-0321
Acha S, Du Y, Shah N, 2016, Enhancing energy efficiency in supermarket refrigeration systems through a robust energy performance indicator, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol: 64, Pages: 40-50, ISSN: 0140-7007
Acha S, Le Brun N, Lambert R, et al., 2016, UK half-hourly regional electricity cost modelling for commercial end users
The rising prices of electricity in the UK risks rendering businesses uncompetitive if these costs are not controlled. This issue has created the need to properly comprehend the tariffs and costing framework that influence the total cost of electricity for non-domestic customers. This paper details an open source method to model UK electricity regional costs (MUKERC) for commercial end-users; allowing users to visualise and calculate the cost of the electricity they consume. The methodology consists in a bottom-up model that defines individually all the tariff components and then aggregates them to quantify the cost of a kWh across each half-hour of the day. The disaggregated structure of MUKERC allows users to conduct specific analysis of tariff components and to understand their rich temporal and spatial features. This granularity facilitates understanding which tariffs influence costs more during different time periods. Emphasis is given to showcasing commodity prices and network charges; known as Transmission Use of System and Distribution Use of System tariffs. ‘Representative day’ electricity price curves for different day types, voltage level connections, and across different UK regions for 2016-17 are presented. Outputs from MUKERC can better inform companies on their energy costs and therefore allows them to perform comprehensive and bespoke energy management and energy efficiency strategies as it is possible to understand when and where the cost of electricity is more expensive. Results show that commercial buildings connected at Low Voltage in North Wales and Merseyside and the South West face the highest average electricity prices, whereas consumers connected to High Voltage in London and the North West have the cheapest electricity in the UK. Other significant findings indicate sites connected at low-voltage pay 7.5% more than high-voltage sites, winter weekday costs are 18% higher than summer weekday costs, and overall weekdays are 35% more
Panteli A, Giarola S, Shah N, 2016, A generic MILP modelling framework for the systematic design of lignocellulosic biorefining supply chains, Pages: 197-199
The development of sustainable biobased economies could help overcome the high societal dependency on fossil resources. Therefore, research has focused on the study of advanced biorefining networks. The complexity of such production systems requires the use of efficient decision-making tools, enabling a full exploitation of biomass (and its macrocomponents, i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) for the production of biobased products and platform chemicals (Kokossis and Yang, 2010). Therefore, it is also essential to identify the most promising pretreatment process that fractionates biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and usually represents the highest cost part of the entire biorefining system. In addition, the deployment of second-generation technologies is still hindered by high capital costs as well as the existence of uncertainties (e.g. demand and price of biobased products) in the so far immature biobased market. Consequently, one of the most important and challenging aspects in the quest of producing a set of sustainable biobased products, is the design of an integrated and economically viable biorefinery supply network (Akgul et al., 2011; Martín and Grossmann, 2010; Čuček et al., 2014). Optimisation tools could play a powerful role supporting decision in such novel production systems, through the identification of the major cost drivers, the performance of sensitivity analysis as well as the assessment of economic and technical uncertainties (Kim et al., 2013). The aim of this work is the modelling and optimization of biorefining chain systems using an integrated approach to the modelling of all the entities involved across the technology chain, with the purpose of achieving a long-term, decision-making regarding the systematic design and planning of advanced biorefining networks.
Shah N, 2016, Perspectives on the integration of synthetic biology and process engineering for new industrial processes
Alhajaj A, Mac Dowell N, Shah N, 2016, A techno-economic analysis of post-combustion CO2 capture and compression applied to a combined cycle gas turbine: Part I. A parametric study of the key technical performance indicators, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol: 44, Pages: 26-41, ISSN: 1750-5836
In order to mitigate significant capital expenditure and parasitic energy demands associated with post combustion capture plant, many studies focused on improving its performance and efficiency through improvement in the design, integration of utilities and selection of key operating parameters (KOPs) using various key performance indicators (KPIs). In this study, an equilibrium monoethanolamine-based CO2 capture plant and compression train model was developed, validated and then used to assess the effects of KOPs on the performance of the CO2 capture and compression process applied to a 400 MWe combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant in hot countries using selected non-monetized key economic and environmental performance indicators. These were selected so as to allow performance comparisons without resorting to economic assumptions (e.g., discount rates, costs of energy), which make such comparisons difficult. The results illustrate higher compression power and dramatic increase of cooling water requirements in coolers and washing water systems in hot countries. This work elucidates the complex compromise between minimizing capital and operating expenditure indicators, and environmental impacts. It highlights the importance of considering the whole process, as opposed to simply focusing on the energy penalty associated with solvent regeneration.
Patel B, Guo M, Izadpanah A, et al., 2016, A Review on Hydrothermal Pre-treatment Technologies and Environmental Profiles of Algal Biomass Processing, Bioresource Technology, Vol: 199, Pages: 288-299, ISSN: 1873-2976
The need for efficient and clean biomass conversion technologies has propelled Hydrothermal (HT) processing as a promising treatment option for biofuel production. This manuscript discussed its application for pre-treatment of microalgae biomass to solid (biochar), liquid (biocrude and biodiesel) and gaseous (hydrogen and methane) products via Hydrothermal Carbonisation (HTC), Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) and Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) as well as the utility of HT water as an extraction medium and HT Hydrotreatment (HDT) of algal biocrude. In addition, the Solar Energy Retained in Fuel (SERF) using HT technologies is calculated and compared with benchmark biofuel. Lastly, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) discusses the limitation of the current state of art as well as introduction to new potential input categories to obtain a detailed environmental profile.
Al-Ansari T, Korre A, Nie Z, et al., 2016, Integration of Biomass Gasification and CO<sub>2</sub> Capture in the LCA Model for the Energy, Water and Food Nexus, Editors: Kravanja, Bogataj, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 2085-2090
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Samsatli S, Ramos A, Matchett M, et al., 2016, Whole-Systems Modelling of Alternatives for Future Domestic Transport, Editors: Kravanja, Bogataj, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 457-462
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