BibTex format
@article{Raji:2026:10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118695,
author = {Raji, YO and Othman, MHD and Puteh, MH and Jasman, SM and Jaafar, J and Rahman, MA and Ismail, AF and Salisu, M and Heng, J and Gunawan, T and Majid, ZA},
doi = {10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118695},
journal = {Materials Science and Engineering B},
title = {Photocatalytic treatment of final discharge palm oil mill effluent (POME) using dual-layer hollow fiber ceramic membranes with TiO2-embedded mullite: Performance evaluation and mechanistic insights},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118695},
volume = {323},
year = {2026}
}
RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)
TY - JOUR
AB - The palm oil industry is a key player in global agriculture, but palm oil mill effluent (POME) presents significant environmental concerns due to its high organic load. This study investigates the use of TiO<inf>2</inf>-modified dual-layer (DL) mullite ceramic hollow fiber membranes to improve POME treatment. Single-layer (SL) and DL membranes were prepared via phase inversion and sintering, and characterized using SEM, EDX, ATR-FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and flexural strength tests. The effect of TiO<inf>2</inf> loading (1–4 wt%) on DL membrane performance was assessed under UV–Vis irradiation. Results showed DL membranes outperformed SL membranes in photocatalytic activity, fouling resistance, and self-cleaning properties. The DL4 membrane achieved 44.92 % COD removal, 52.40 % colour removal, 54.50 % rejection, and a flux of 18.90 L/m<sup>2</sup>·h·bar. These enhancements are attributed to the synergistic effects of TiO<inf>2</inf> and the dual-layer design, offering an efficient and sustainable strategy for treating POME in compliance with environmental standards.
AU - Raji,YO
AU - Othman,MHD
AU - Puteh,MH
AU - Jasman,SM
AU - Jaafar,J
AU - Rahman,MA
AU - Ismail,AF
AU - Salisu,M
AU - Heng,J
AU - Gunawan,T
AU - Majid,ZA
DO - 10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118695
PY - 2026///
SN - 0921-5107
TI - Photocatalytic treatment of final discharge palm oil mill effluent (POME) using dual-layer hollow fiber ceramic membranes with TiO2-embedded mullite: Performance evaluation and mechanistic insights
T2 - Materials Science and Engineering B
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118695
VL - 323
ER -