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Publications

Modulation without surgical intervention

N. Grossman "Modulation without surgical intervention." Science 361.6401 (2018): 461-462.

Noninvasive deep brain stimulation

N. Grossman, D. Bono, S. Kodandaramaiah, A. Rudenko, A. Cassara, E. Neufeld, S. A. Anteraper, A. Takahashi, N. Kuster, L. Tsai, A. Pascual-Leone, E. S. Boyden “Noninvasive deep brain stimulation via delivery of temporally interfering electric fields.” Cell 169.6 (2017): 1029-1041.

Neuron Cell with Channelrhodopsin-2 Mutants light study

N. Grossman, K. Nikolic, C. Toumazou, P. Degenaar “Modeling Study of the Light Stimulation of a Neuron Cell with Channelrhodopsin-2 Mutants.” IEEE Trans Biomed

Multi-site optical excitation using ChR2 and micro-LED array

N. Grossman, V. Pohrer, M. Grubb, G. T. Kennedy, K. Nikolic, M. A. A. Neil, M. D. Dawson, J. Burrone, P. Degenaar “Multi-site optical excitation using ChR2 and micro-LED array.” J. Neural Eng. 7 (2010): 16004.

Citation

BibTex format

@article{Rintoul:2026,
author = {Rintoul, J and Butler, C and Cleveland, R and Grossman, N},
journal = {Nature Communications},
title = {Non-invasive in vivo acoustoelectric neuromodulation and its contribution to ultrasound stimulation},
year = {2026}
}

Download

RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Non-invasive brain stimulation offers therapeutic potential without surgery, yet existing  electrical approaches lack spatial precision due to the long wavelengths of electric fields. Here we demonstrate acoustoelectric neuromodulation, a nonlinear interaction between applied acoustic and electric fields that generates spatially localized, low-frequency electric fields at the ultrasound focus. Using in vitro and in vivo mouse electrophysiology, we show motor evoked responses that depend on both the amplitude and frequency of the acoustoelectric field, with controls excluding purely acoustic or electrical origins. In vivo measurements show acoustoelectric potentials of ≈9 mV, corresponding to estimated focal electric fields of ~6 V/m at 500 kHz and 1 MPa acoustic pressure, with ~1.5 mm extrema spacing demonstrated in phantom experiments. Importantly, we identify an acoustoelectric contribution to conventional ultrasound stimulation, arising from interactions between ultrasound-induced electrical signals and propagating acoustic waves, establishing acoustoelectric neuromodulation as a distinct mechanism influencing ultrasound-based brain stimulation.
AU  - Rintoul,J
AU  - Butler,C
AU  - Cleveland,R
AU  - Grossman,N
PY  - 2026///
SN  - 2041-1723
TI  - Non-invasive in vivo acoustoelectric neuromodulation and its contribution to ultrasound stimulation
T2  - Nature Communications
ER  -