In this section
@article{Ridwan:2026:10.1002/admi.202500879,
author = {Ridwan, MG and Ahmad, Z and Vitale, A and Cabral, JT},
doi = {10.1002/admi.202500879},
journal = {Advanced Materials Interfaces},
title = {Fluctuating Curvature and Actuation in 4D Printed Asymmetric Networks by Frontal Photopolymerization},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500879},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>We investigate the spatiotemporal response of asymmetric polymer networks fabricated by frontal photopolymerization (FPP), a directional solidification process characterized by the emergence of conversion gradients and traveling waves, previously shown to support origami assembly. Employing a model system of UV crosslinking poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, we examine the frontal network conversion, the chemical exchanges during solvent development, and ensuing removal during drying. We find that the coupling of diffusionevaporation and swellingshrinkage processes gives rise to the formation of asymmetric ‘skin’ layers resulting in dynamic curvature fluctuations in otherwise planar beams, even in the absence of spatial patterning employed in FPP origami. Building on these findings, we demonstrate the fabrication of autonomous bistable switches and selfpropulsion via a snapping instability that harness the environmental response of such ubiquitous asymmetric polymer networks.</jats:p>
AU - Ridwan,MG
AU - Ahmad,Z
AU - Vitale,A
AU - Cabral,JT
DO - 10.1002/admi.202500879
PY - 2026///
SN - 2196-7350
TI - Fluctuating Curvature and Actuation in 4D Printed Asymmetric Networks by Frontal Photopolymerization
T2 - Advanced Materials Interfaces
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500879
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500879
ER -