BibTex format
@article{Agazie:2023:2041-8213/acdac6,
author = {Agazie, G and Anumarlapudi, A and Archibald, AM and Arzoumanian, Z and Baker, PT and Bécsy, B and Blecha, L and Brazier, A and Brook, PR and Burke-Spolaor, S and Burnette, R and Case, R and Charisi, M and Chatterjee, S and Chatziioannou, K and Cheeseboro, BD and Chen, S and Cohen, T and Cordes, JM and Cornish, NJ and Crawford, F and Cromartie, HT and Crowter, K and Cutler, CJ and DeCesar, ME and DeGan, D and Demorest, PB and Deng, H and Dolch, T and Drachler, B and Ellis, JA and Ferrara, EC and Fiore, W and Fonseca, E and Freedman, GE and Garver-Daniels, N and Gentile, PA and Gersbach, KA and Glaser, J and Good, DC and Gültekin, K and Hazboun, JS and Hourihane, S and Islo, K and Jennings, RJ and Johnson, AD and Jones, ML and Kaiser, AR and Kaplan, DL and Kelley, LZ and Kerr, M and Key, JS and Klein, TC and Laal, N and Lam, MT and Lamb, WG and W, Lazio TJ and Lewandowska, N and Littenberg, TB and Liu, T and Lommen, A and Lorimer, DR and Luo, J and Lynch, RS and Ma, CP and Madison, DR an},
doi = {2041-8213/acdac6},
journal = {Astrophysical Journal Letters},
title = {The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acdac6},
volume = {951},
year = {2023}
}
RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)
TY - JOUR
AB - We report multiple lines of evidence for a stochastic signal that is correlated among 67 pulsars from the 15 yr pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves. The correlations follow the Hellings-Downs pattern expected for a stochastic gravitational-wave background. The presence of such a gravitational-wave background with a power-law spectrum is favored over a model with only independent pulsar noises with a Bayes factor in excess of 10<sup>14</sup>, and this same model is favored over an uncorrelated common power-law spectrum model with Bayes factors of 200-1000, depending on spectral modeling choices. We have built a statistical background distribution for the latter Bayes factors using a method that removes interpulsar correlations from our data set, finding p = 10<sup>−3</sup> (≈3σ) for the observed Bayes factors in the null no-correlation scenario. A frequentist test statistic built directly as a weighted sum of interpulsar correlations yields p = 5 × 10<sup>−5</sup> to 1.9 × 10<sup>−4</sup> (≈3.5σ-4σ). Assuming a fiducial f <sup>−2/3</sup> characteristic strain spectrum, as appropriate for an ensemble of binary supermassive black hole inspirals, the strain amplitude is 2.4 − 0.6 + 0.7 × 10 − 15 (median + 90% credible interval) at a reference frequency of 1 yr<sup>−1</sup>. The inferred gravitational-wave background amplitude and spectrum are consistent with astrophysical expectations for a signal from a population of supermassive black hole binaries, although more exotic cosmological and astrophysical sources cannot be excluded. The observation of Hellings-Downs correlations points to the gravitational-wave origin of this signal.
AU - Agazie,G
AU - Anumarlapudi,A
AU - Archibald,AM
AU - Arzoumanian,Z
AU - Baker,PT
AU - Bécsy,B
AU - Blecha,L
AU - Brazier,A
AU - Brook,PR
AU - Burke-Spolaor,S
AU - Burnette,R
AU - Case,R
AU - Charisi,M
AU - Chatterjee,S
AU - Chatziioannou,K
AU - Cheeseboro,BD
AU - Chen,S
AU - Cohen,T
AU - Cordes,JM
AU - Cornish,NJ
AU - Crawford,F
AU - Cromartie,HT
AU - Crowter,K
AU - Cutler,CJ
AU - DeCesar,ME
AU - DeGan,D
AU - Demorest,PB
AU - Deng,H
AU - Dolch,T
AU - Drachler,B
AU - Ellis,JA
AU - Ferrara,EC
AU - Fiore,W
AU - Fonseca,E
AU - Freedman,GE
AU - Garver-Daniels,N
AU - Gentile,PA
AU - Gersbach,KA
AU - Glaser,J
AU - Good,DC
AU - Gültekin,K
AU - Hazboun,JS
AU - Hourihane,S
AU - Islo,K
AU - Jennings,RJ
AU - Johnson,AD
AU - Jones,ML
AU - Kaiser,AR
AU - Kaplan,DL
AU - Kelley,LZ
AU - Kerr,M
AU - Key,JS
AU - Klein,TC
AU - Laal,N
AU - Lam,MT
AU - Lamb,WG
AU - W,Lazio TJ
AU - Lewandowska,N
AU - Littenberg,TB
AU - Liu,T
AU - Lommen,A
AU - Lorimer,DR
AU - Luo,J
AU - Lynch,RS
AU - Ma,CP
AU - Madison,DR
AU - Mattson,MA
AU - McEwen,A
AU - McKee,JW
AU - McLaughlin,MA
AU - McMann,N
AU - Meyers,BW
AU - Meyers,PM
AU - Mingarelli,CMF
AU - Mitridate,A
AU - Natarajan,P
AU - Ng,C
AU - Nice,DJ
AU - Ocker,SK
AU - Olum,KD
AU - Pennucci,TT
AU - Perera,BBP
AU - Petrov,P
AU - Pol,NS
AU - Radovan,HA
AU - Ransom,SM
AU - Ray,PS
AU - Romano,JD
AU - Sardesai,SC
AU - Schmiedekamp,A
AU - Schmiedekamp,C
AU - Schmitz,K
AU - Schult,L
AU - Shapiro-Albert,BJ
AU - Siemens,X
AU - Simon,J
AU - Siwek,MS
AU - Stairs,IH
AU - Stinebring,DR
AU - Stovall,K
DO - 2041-8213/acdac6
PY - 2023///
SN - 2041-8205
TI - The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background
T2 - Astrophysical Journal Letters
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acdac6
VL - 951
ER -