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@article{Restelli:2026:10.1016/j.energy.2025.139715,
author = {Restelli, F and Jiao, F and Norris, B and Trusler, JPM and Siahvashi, A and May, EF and Pellegrini, LA and Johns, M and Al, Ghafri SZS},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2025.139715},
journal = {Energy},
title = {Dynamic simulation of a liquefied hydrogen export terminal},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.139715},
volume = {342},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - At prospective liquid hydrogen (LH<inf>2</inf>) export terminals, managing boil-off gas (BOG) presents a significant challenge that has not been adequately explored in the literature. This work is a case study examining the management of BOG evolved during storage and carrier loading at an export terminal, carried out using detailed dynamic simulations. The considered terminal operates with a LH<inf>2</inf> production rate of 450 t/d, and a carrier capacity of 160000 m<sup>3</sup>. The normal operation cycle spans a period of 28 days, during which all the generated BOG is recovered. The estimated levelized cost for terminal storage and shipment is 2.77 USD/kg, underlining the need for further research to reduce costs and enhance the economic viability of LH<inf>2</inf> export. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the production rate primarily affects the duration of the normal operation cycle and, consequently, shipping frequency, while feed pressure and ortho-para hydrogen composition significantly influence total BOG generation.
AU - Restelli,F
AU - Jiao,F
AU - Norris,B
AU - Trusler,JPM
AU - Siahvashi,A
AU - May,EF
AU - Pellegrini,LA
AU - Johns,M
AU - Al,Ghafri SZS
DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139715
PY - 2026///
SN - 0360-5442
TI - Dynamic simulation of a liquefied hydrogen export terminal
T2 - Energy
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.139715
VL - 342
ER -