BibTex format
@article{Lee:2025:10.1136/thorax-2024-222306,
author = {Lee, CT and Ghandi, SA and Elmrayed, S and Barnes, H and Lorenzetti, D and Salibury, ML and Stewart, ID and Barber, C and Peters, CE and Feary, J and Johannson, KA},
doi = {10.1136/thorax-2024-222306},
journal = {Thorax},
pages = {918--926},
title = {Inhalational exposures associated with risk of interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222306},
volume = {80},
year = {2025}
}
RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)
TY - JOUR
AB - Rationale: Inhalational exposures are associated with risk of developing interstitial lung disease (ILD), yet the relationship between specific exposures and ILD is poorly characterized. Objective: Identify inhalational exposures associated with ILD and estimate the effects of exposures on ILD risk.Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from 1990 until 2022 to identify inhalational exposures associated with ILD diagnosis. ILDs where causality is well-established (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pneumoconiosis) and sarcoidosis were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts with full-text review and data extraction of eligible studies. Where possible, data were pooled and multi-level meta-analysis was specified using a random effects model. Sources of heterogeneity and risk of bias were assessed. Main Results: Ninety-six studies were included in the systematic review, representing 40,819,116 subjects (295,167 had ILD, 40,523,949 controls). For the meta-analysis, fifty-four studies were included (40,490,793 subjects: 273,899 ILD, 40,216,894 controls). Exposures associated with significantly increased ILD risk included smoking (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.47-1.94), organic exposures (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.12-2.16), metals (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.07-2.16), dust (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.20-1.76), and asbestos (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08-2.15). Silica and fumes had positive associations with ILD that trended toward significance. Conclusions: This systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis is the first to comprehensively assess the effect of inhalational exposures on overall risk of ILD, with multiple putative exposures identified. Future work should investigate novel occupational exposures associated with ILD, characterize the gene-environment interaction, and develop preventative strategies.
AU - Lee,CT
AU - Ghandi,SA
AU - Elmrayed,S
AU - Barnes,H
AU - Lorenzetti,D
AU - Salibury,ML
AU - Stewart,ID
AU - Barber,C
AU - Peters,CE
AU - Feary,J
AU - Johannson,KA
DO - 10.1136/thorax-2024-222306
EP - 926
PY - 2025///
SN - 0040-6376
SP - 918
TI - Inhalational exposures associated with risk of interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
T2 - Thorax
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222306
VL - 80
ER -