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• Journal article
  Czerniewska A, Borman A, Abdolrasouli A, Budd EL, Fisher MC, Barton R, Bates KA, Lambourne J, Demirjian A, Muller-Pebody B, Brown CS, Saavedra-Campos M, Manuel Ret al., 2025,

  Rapid emergence of Trichophyton indotineae (Trichophyton mentagrophytes ITS genotype VIII) observed in the United Kingdom, up to August 2025.

  , Euro Surveill, Vol: 30

  Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte increasingly detected in the United Kingdom, often with antifungal resistance. We identified 363 cases between January 2017 and August 2025, with 310 cases (85%) since January 2023. Cases were mostly concentrated in major urban centres and most affected individuals were working-age adults, frequently reporting South Asian ethnicity. The importance of international importation vs domestic transmission remains unclear. Implementing enhanced surveillance would help to identify risk factors and transmission routes to focus prevention efforts.

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• Journal article
  Meldrum OW, Tiew PY, Xu H, Low DY, Ivan FX, Narayana JK, Jaggi TK, Ching J, Chotirmall SHet al., 2025,

  Integrated multi-omics profiling for risk stratification in Asians with COPD.

  , Respir Res, Vol: 27

  BACKGROUND: Comorbidity-based risk stratification in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) incompletely captures inherent biological heterogeneity, particularly in Asian populations that demonstrate high-risk clinical phenotypes including prior pulmonary tuberculosis. We investigated whether integrated sputum multi-omics could improve risk stratification in an Asian COPD cohort. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter assessment of N = 56 Asians with established COPD, classified as high- (N = 25; cardiovascular or ex-tuberculosis) or low-risk (N = 31; diabetic or low-comorbidity) based on established co-morbidity phenotyping. Sputum was subjected to mucus analysis (MUC5AC, MUC5B, mucus solids, rheology), metabo-lipidomics (LC-MS/MS) and microbiome assessment (shotgun metagenomics). Multivariate statistics was employed to integrate datasets. RESULTS: High-risk Asian COPD demonstrates abnormal mucus biochemistry characterized by elevated MUC5AC; extensive metabo-lipidomic alterations characterized by dysregulated tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and lipid remodeling with enrichment of lysophosphatidylcholines and triacylglycerols. Microbial networks are disrupted in high-risk patients, typified by antagonistic interactions driven by K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and Neisseria spp. Integrative assessment combining all datasets partitioned the cohort into two clusters: SNF 1 (N = 34) and SNF 2 (N = 22), the former representing an unfavorable group characterized by exacerbations, hospitalizations, mucus dysfunction, microbial pathogens and dysregulated metabo-lipidomic pathways. Remarkably, 42% (N = 13 of 31) of the originally classified low risk COPD exhibited the unfavorable SNF 1 endotype, distinguished by more severe exacerbations (hospitalizations), K. pneumoniae and elevated hypoxanthine, creatine, spermine and phosphatidylcholines. CONCLUSION: Integrative multi-omics

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• Journal article
  Hess J, Burden M, Isaksen TMB, Ebi KL, Errett NA, Gridley-Smith C, Kramer CB, McCarthy C, McLaughlin O, Patel R, Reed A, Smith MH, Wheat S, Sherr Ket al., 2025,

  Pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a heat risk reduction decision support platform and barriers and facilitators of its implementation

  , IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 6
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• Journal article
  Liu Z, Chen M, Kotta-Loizou I, Coutts RHA, Kong L, Aboushedida H, Sari RK, Moriyama H, Xu Wet al., 2025,

  A novel partitivirus confers dual contradictory effects to its host fungus: growth attenuation and virulence enhancement

  , Journal of Virology, ISSN: 0022-538X

  Mycoviruses possess a potential role for biological control due to their ability to reduce both virulence and vegetative growth in some phytopathogenic fungi. However, mycoviruses that enhance fungal pathogenicity have been poorly studied and characterized. In this study, a novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) fungal virus, tentatively named Sinodiscula camellicola partitivirus 1 (ScPV1), was identified in the phytopathogenic fungus Sinodiscula camellicola, isolated from tea leaves. ScPV1 possesses two genomic components of 1,835 bp and 1,697 bp in length, each containing an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and coat protein (CP), respectively, as confirmed by mass spectrometry. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of the RdRPs from ScPV1 and related mycoviruses placed ScPV1 within a newly proposed genus, Epsilonpartitivirus, in the family Partitiviridae. The virus was purified using ultracentrifugation, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that ScPV1 dsRNA genomes are encapsidated in virus particles ca. 31 nm in size, ranging from 24.9 to 36.8 nm, together with the RdRP protein, which was of an unexpected size. Transfection with purified virions generated transfectants with significantly reduced growth rates but with increased virulence, indicating that ScPV1 confers unusual effects on its host fungus. This finding represents a significant advancement in understanding the complex interactions between mycoviruses and their host fungi.

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• Journal article
  Hewitt R, Chakravarty P, Perez-Lloret J, Banchero M, Berg M, van den Berge M, Traves W, Yates L, Walker S, Gaboriau D, Rice A, Nicholson A, Devaraj A, Kemp S, Molyneaux P, Puttur F, Byrne A, Maher T, Nawijn M, O'Garra A, Lloyd Cet al., 2025,

  Single-cell RNA-seq reveals aberrant airway epithelial- immune cell crosstalk in pulmonary fibrosis

  , ERJ Open Research, ISSN: 2312-0541

  BackgroundEpithelial-immune cell interactions are crucial in the regulation of pulmonary immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that cell populations lining the airways may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease characterised by progressive scarring of the lung parenchyma. We profiled the cellular landscape of the airway mucosal niche in incident cases of IPF to understand early-stage events contributing to disease development.MethodsSingle-cell RNA-sequencing was used to explore cellular heterogeneity in proximal airway brushings from seven healthy controls and nine patients with newly diagnosed IPF. In-depth bioinformatics analysis was used to interrogate changes in cell populations and cell-cell communication in IPF patients compared to controls.ResultsWe show a relative increase in the abundance of airway macrophage subsets in IPF compared to healthy controls, and disease-specific changes in their transcriptional profile. Increased frequency of airway macrophages and proliferating macrophages was associated with more extensive disease at baseline quantified by the composite physiological index and radiological severity of traction bronchiectasis. Monocyte-derived macrophages were significantly enriched at baseline in IPF patients who had disease progression at 12 months. Using CellChat we exposed differences in cell-cell communication between airway epithelial cells, airway macrophages and T cells in IPF. We identified dysregulation in signalling pathways such as SEMA3, ANXA1 and DESMOSOME which modulate airway epithelial-macrophage interactions, potentially driving disease pathology.ConclusionsAirway epithelial cells and macrophages may play a key role in orchestrating the early immunopathology of IPF, and these data support further exploration of novel, airway-focused therapeutic targets in IPF.

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• Journal article
  Sabashnikov A, Agrawal S, Zych B, Krasivskyi I, Abbas SH, Fungai D, Williams T, Thakuria L, Aswani A, Osman M, Monteagudo-Vela M, Gerovasili V, Reed Aet al., 2025,

  Selective Removal of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Combined with Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP): Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

  , JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE, Vol: 14
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• Journal article
  Hindley HJ, Gong Z, Moradian S, Giuliano MG, Sapelkin A, Kotta-Loizou I, Buck M, Engl C, Weiße AYet al., 2025,

  Heterogeneity in responses to ribosome-targeting antibiotics mediated by bacterial RNA repair

  , Nature Communications, Vol: 16, ISSN: 2041-1723

  RNA repair is critical for cellular function. The Rtc system maintains RNA integrity within the translational machinery of bacteria. In E. coli, Rtc expression enables cells to rescue growth and survive treatment by conferring transient resistance to ribosome-targeting antibiotics, yet the mechanisms underpinning this resistance remain obscure. Here, we present a computational model of Rtc-regulated repair of translational RNAs. Integrating model predictions with experimental validations, we uncover notable cell-to-cell heterogeneity in rtc expression that impacts on translational capacity, indicating that rtc may induce a form of heteroresistance. We moreover identify Rtc targets that may reduce the translational capacity of cells and so potentiate antibiotic effects. Our findings elucidate a complex response underpinning resistance conferred by Rtc, offering alternate routes for addressing resistance in E. coli and other relevant pathogens.

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• Journal article
  Greenhalgh ES, Nguyen S, Asp LE, Bici A, Bismarck A, Fam D, Johansson M, Lindbergh G, Lutkenhaus JL, Shaffer MSP, Shirshova N, Srinivasan M, Xu J, Zenkert Det al., 2025,

  Characterization and reporting protocols for structural power composites: a perspective

  , Advanced Energy Materials, Vol: 15, ISSN: 1614-6832

  Structural power composites, multifunctional materials that can withstand mechanical loads while storing/delivering electrical energy, are gaining significant interest. However, a consequence of melding disparate structural and electrochemical technologies is that there are no common characterization and reporting protocols, undermining the advancement of this emerging field. This Perspective paper sets out the challenges and resulting issues in the literature and recommends best practices and requirements for future protocols for reporting multifunctional performance. A key recommendation is that a “universal coupon” should be developed to be used for both mechanical and electrochemical characterization of cells, and hence credibly declare multifunctional performance. Ultimately, such a universal coupon can simultaneously characterize both functions, so as to glean electrochemical–mechanical coupling phenomena. This article recommends reporting guidelines so as to avoid the current ambiguities associated with normalization and permit robust comparison across the literature. The aspiration is that the guidelines and framework outlined in this paper lay the groundwork for formal standard methods to be developed and agreed upon. Establishing robust characterization and clearer reporting permits researchers and industry to take an informed view of the literature and provides a better grounding for the adoption of this technology, underpinning future industrialization of these emerging materials.

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• Journal article
  Bao Y, Huo Y, Bi H, Shi L, Wang M, Almarei M, Ledesma-Amaro R, Fang Y, Tan Tet al., 2025,

  A coordinated framework for enhancing oxygen dynamics to improve the production of sesquiterpene

  , GREEN CHEMISTRY, Vol: 27, Pages: 14374-14387, ISSN: 1463-9262
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• Journal article
  Green CG, Bempong J, Ong MLY, Shah A, Mallia P, Johnston SL, Singanayagam A, Reynolds JC, Heaney LMet al., 2025,

  Evaluating short-chain fatty acids in breath condensate as surrogate measurements for systemic levels and investigation into alternative respiratory sample matrices

  , Clinical Science, Vol: 139, Pages: 1287-1300, ISSN: 0143-5221

  Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolic by-products from microbial fermentation of complex carbohydrates and protein. They have gained clinical interest for their protective effects, including within the lung microenvironment. SCFAs are detectable in circulation and exhaled breath condensate (EBC), posing questions as to whether exhaled SCFAs originate from the gut and/or lung microbiota. Mapping SCFAs from the lung could improve our understanding of microbial activity in respiratory conditions. SCFA measurements in EBC were evaluated using a validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. Six healthy participants ingested sodium acetate, calcium propionate and sodium butyrate to acutely increase circulating SCFAs. EBC samples were collected alongside venous draws, with circulating and exhaled levels compared. A series of additional respiratory sample matrices from patient samples was investigated to gain novel insights into SCFAs within different respiratory biofluids. Serum SCFAs were increased in line with known responses. However, these increases were not observed in EBC, indicating a lack of correlation between circulating and exhaled SCFAs. SCFAs were detected in all additional respiratory biosamples, with EBC and sputum reporting the highest concentrations. Interestingly, branched-chain moieties were notably abundant in sputum, indicating the potential for their local production by bacterial fermentation of lung mucus proteins. SCFAs in EBC do not reflect circulatory levels and, therefore, are not a suitable surrogate measurement to inform on systemic load. These data suggest that exhaled SCFAs are potentially derived from lung microbial metabolism, supporting the need for further investigation into SCFA production, function and diagnostic utility in respiratory health.

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