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  • Journal article
    Thompson RM, Brose U, Dunne JA, Hall RO, Hladyz S, Kitching RL, Martinez ND, Rantala H, Romanuk TN, Stouffer DB, Tylianakis JMet al., 2012,

    Food webs: reconciling the structure and function of biodiversity

    , TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION, Vol: 27, Pages: 689-697, ISSN: 0169-5347
  • Journal article
    Keane A, Jones JPG, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2012,

    Modelling the effect of individual strategic behaviour on community-level outcomes of conservation interventions

    , ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, Vol: 39, Pages: 305-315, ISSN: 0376-8929
  • Journal article
    de Sassi C, Staniczenko PPA, Tylianakis JM, 2012,

    Warming and nitrogen affect size structuring and density dependence in a host-parasitoid food web

    , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 367, Pages: 3033-3041, ISSN: 0962-8436
  • Journal article
    Woodward G, Brown LE, Edwards FK, Hudson LN, Milner AM, Reuman DC, Ledger MEet al., 2012,

    Climate change impacts in multispecies systems: drought alters food web size structure in a field experiment

    , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 367, Pages: 2990-2997, ISSN: 0962-8436
  • Journal article
    Gill RJ, Ramos-Rodriguez O, Raine NE, 2012,

    Combined pesticide exposure severely affects individual- and colony-level traits in bees

    , NATURE, Vol: 491, Pages: 105-U119, ISSN: 0028-0836
  • Journal article
    Tang CQ, Leasi F, Obertegger U, Kieneke A, Barraclough TG, Fontaneto Det al., 2012,

    The widely used small subunit 18S rDNA molecule greatly underestimates true diversity in biodiversity surveys of the meiofauna

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 109, Pages: 16208-16212, ISSN: 0027-8424
  • Journal article
    Rosindell J, Harmon LJ, 2012,

    OneZoom: A Fractal Explorer for the Tree of Life

    , PLOS BIOLOGY, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1544-9173
  • Journal article
    Windram O, Madhou P, McHattie S, Hill C, Hickman R, Cooke E, Jenkins DJ, Penfold CA, Baxter L, Breeze E, Kiddle SJ, Rhodes J, Atwell S, Kliebenstein DJ, Kim Y-S, Stegle O, Borgwardt K, Zhang C, Tabrett A, Legaie R, Moore J, Finkenstadt B, Wild DL, Mead A, Rand D, Beynon J, Ott S, Buchanan-Wollaston V, Denby KJet al., 2012,

    Arabidopsis defense against Botrytis cinerea: Chronology and regulation deciphered by high-resolution temporal transcriptomic analysis

    , Plant Cell, Vol: 24, Pages: 3530-3557, ISSN: 1040-4651

    Transcriptional reprogramming forms a major part of a plant’s response to pathogen infection. Many individual components and pathways operating during plant defense have been identified, but our knowledge of how these different components interact is still rudimentary. We generated a high-resolution time series of gene expression profiles from a single Arabidopsis thaliana leaf during infection by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Approximately one-third of the Arabidopsis genome is differentially expressed during the first 48 h after infection, with the majority of changes in gene expression occurring before significant lesion development. We used computational tools to obtain a detailed chronology of the defense response against B. cinerea, highlighting the times at which signaling and metabolic processes change, and identify transcription factor families operating at different times after infection. Motif enrichment and network inference predicted regulatory interactions, and testing of one such prediction identified a role for TGA3 in defense against necrotrophic pathogens. These data provide an unprecedented level of detail about transcriptional changes during a defense response and are suited to systems biology analyses to generate predictive models of the gene regulatory networks mediating the Arabidopsis response to B. cinerea.
  • Journal article
    Dossena M, Yvon-Durocher G, Grey J, Montoya JM, Perkins DM, Trimmer M, Woodward Get al., 2012,

    Warming alters community size structure and ecosystem functioning

    , Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol: 279, Pages: 3011-3019, ISSN: 0962-8452

    <jats:p>Global warming can affect all levels of biological complexity, though we currently understand least about its potential impact on communities and ecosystems. At the ecosystem level, warming has the capacity to alter the structure of communities and the rates of key ecosystem processes they mediate. Here we assessed the effects of a 4°C rise in temperature on the size structure and taxonomic composition of benthic communities in aquatic mesocosms, and the rates of detrital decomposition they mediated. Warming had no effect on biodiversity, but altered community size structure in two ways. In spring, warmer systems exhibited steeper size spectra driven by declines in total community biomass and the proportion of large organisms. By contrast, in autumn, warmer systems had shallower size spectra driven by elevated total community biomass and a greater proportion of large organisms. Community-level shifts were mirrored by changes in decomposition rates. Temperature-corrected microbial and macrofaunal decomposition rates reflected the shifts in community structure and were strongly correlated with biomass across mesocosms. Our study demonstrates that the 4°C rise in temperature expected by the end of the century has the potential to alter the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems profoundly, as well as the intimate linkages between these levels of ecological organization.</jats:p>
  • Journal article
    Tscharntke T, Tylianakis JM, Rand TA, Didham RK, Fahrig L, Peter B, Bengtsson J, Clough Y, Crist TO, Dormann CF, Ewers RM, Fruend J, Holt RD, Holzschuh A, Klein AM, Kleijn D, Kremen C, Landis DA, Laurance W, Lindenmayer D, Scherber C, Sodhi N, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thies C, van der Putten WH, Westphal Cet al., 2012,

    Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses

    , BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Vol: 87, Pages: 661-685, ISSN: 1464-7931
  • Journal article
    Yvon-Durocher G, Caffrey JM, Cescatti A, Dossena M, del Giorgio P, Gasol JM, Montoya JM, Pumpanen J, Staehr PA, Trimmer M, Woodward G, Allen APet al., 2012,

    Reconciling the temperature dependence of respiration across timescales and ecosystem types.

    , Nature, Vol: 487, Pages: 472-476

    Ecosystem respiration is the biotic conversion of organic carbon to carbon dioxide by all of the organisms in an ecosystem, including both consumers and primary producers. Respiration exhibits an exponential temperature dependence at the subcellular and individual levels, but at the ecosystem level respiration can be modified by many variables including community abundance and biomass, which vary substantially among ecosystems. Despite its importance for predicting the responses of the biosphere to climate change, it is as yet unknown whether the temperature dependence of ecosystem respiration varies systematically between aquatic and terrestrial environments. Here we use the largest database of respiratory measurements yet compiled to show that the sensitivity of ecosystem respiration to seasonal changes in temperature is remarkably similar for diverse environments encompassing lakes, rivers, estuaries, the open ocean and forested and non-forested terrestrial ecosystems, with an average activation energy similar to that of the respiratory complex (approximately 0.65 electronvolts (eV)). By contrast, annual ecosystem respiration shows a substantially greater temperature dependence across aquatic (approximately 0.65 eV) versus terrestrial ecosystems (approximately 0.32 eV) that span broad geographic gradients in temperature. Using a model derived from metabolic theory, these findings can be reconciled by similarities in the biochemical kinetics of metabolism at the subcellular level, and fundamental differences in the importance of other variables besides temperature—such as primary productivity and allochthonous carbon inputs—on the structure of aquatic and terrestrial biota at the community level.
  • Journal article
    Nicholson E, Collen B, Barausse A, Blanchard JL, Costelloe BT, Sullivan KME, Underwood FM, Burn RW, Fritz S, Jones JPG, McRae L, Possingham HP, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2012,

    Making Robust Policy Decisions Using Global Biodiversity Indicators

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Journal article
    de Sassi C, Tylianakis JM, 2012,

    Climate Change Disproportionately Increases Herbivore over Plant or Parasitoid Biomass

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Journal article
    Rapacciuolo G, Roy DB, Gillings S, Fox R, Walker K, Purvis Aet al., 2012,

    Climatic Associations of British Species Distributions Show Good Transferability in Time but Low Predictive Accuracy for Range Change

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Journal article
    THOMPSON RM, DUNNE JA, WOODWARD GUY, 2012,

    Freshwater food webs: towards a more fundamental understanding of biodiversity and community dynamics

    , Freshwater Biology, Vol: 57, Pages: 1329-1341, ISSN: 0046-5070

    <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>1. Food webs are a powerful whole‐system way to represent the patterns of biodiversity and energy flow in a readily quantifiable framework amenable to comparative analyses. Integrated theory and data on complex trophic interactions provide useful and novel ways to study ecosystem structure, dynamics, function and stability.</jats:p><jats:p>2. Freshwater ecology has contributed considerably to the advancement of food‐web ecology. This has occurred through early application of methodological advances such as stable isotope analysis and description of some of the most detailed food webs, including Little Rock Lake and the Broadstone Stream food webs.</jats:p><jats:p>3. Freshwater food webs are often highly resolved, although the inclusion of components such as bacteria continues to be challenging. Characteristics of stream food webs appear to include high rates of omnivory and a strong role for body size as a structuring influence.</jats:p><jats:p>4. While freshwater ecology has often included landscape factors, food webs from freshwaters have most often been collected at small spatial scales. There is a need to take a landscape approach to the study of food‐web dynamics in freshwater ecosystems.</jats:p><jats:p>5. Studies of food webs that take an experimental approach or utilise natural gradients remain rare but will be vital to untangling causative relationships between changing environmental conditions and food‐web structure and dynamics.</jats:p><jats:p>6. Emerging directions in freshwater food‐web research involve integrating individual‐level variation and information on traits into food‐web studies. This is allowing a growing understanding of the ways in which food webs can be used to integrate community, evolutionary and population processes into studies of biodiversity.</jats:p><jats:p>7. A Virtual
  • Journal article
    Woodward G, Gessner MO, Giller PS, Gulis V, Hladyz S, Lecerf A, Malmqvist B, McKie BG, Tiegs SD, Cariss H, Dobson M, Elosegi A, Ferreira V, Graça MAS, Fleituch T, Lacoursière JO, Nistorescu M, Pozo J, Risnoveanu G, Schindler M, Vadineanu A, Vought LB-M, Chauvet Eet al., 2012,

    Continental-scale effects of nutrient pollution on stream ecosystem functioning.

    , Science, Vol: 336, Pages: 1438-1440

    Excessive nutrient loading is a major threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide that leads to profound changes in aquatic biodiversity and biogeochemical processes. Systematic quantitative assessment of functional ecosystem measures for river networks is, however, lacking, especially at continental scales. Here, we narrow this gap by means of a pan-European field experiment on a fundamental ecosystem process--leaf-litter breakdown--in 100 streams across a greater than 1000-fold nutrient gradient. Dramatically slowed breakdown at both extremes of the gradient indicated strong nutrient limitation in unaffected systems, potential for strong stimulation in moderately altered systems, and inhibition in highly polluted streams. This large-scale response pattern emphasizes the need to complement established structural approaches (such as water chemistry, hydrogeomorphology, and biological diversity metrics) with functional measures (such as litter-breakdown rate, whole-system metabolism, and nutrient spiraling) for assessing ecosystem health.
  • Journal article
    Hoshino E, Milner-Gulland EJ, Hillary RM, 2012,

    Bioeconomic adaptive management procedures for short-lived species: A case study of Pacific saury (<i>Cololabis saira</i>) and Japanese common squid (<i>Todarodes pacificus</i>)

    , FISHERIES RESEARCH, Vol: 121, Pages: 17-30, ISSN: 0165-7836
  • Journal article
    Poole AM, Stouffer DB, Tylianakis JM, 2012,

    'Ecosystomics': ecology by sequencer

    , TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION, Vol: 27, Pages: 309-310, ISSN: 0169-5347
  • Journal article
    Lauridsen RB, Edwards FK, Bowes MJ, Woodward G, Hildrew AG, Ibbotson AT, Jones JIet al., 2012,

    Consumer–resource elemental imbalances in a nutrient-rich stream

    , Freshwater Science, Vol: 31, Pages: 408-422, ISSN: 2161-9549
  • Journal article
    Perkins DM, YvonDurocher G, Demars BOL, Reiss J, Pichler DE, Friberg N, Trimmer M, Woodward Get al., 2012,

    Consistent temperature dependence of respiration across ecosystems contrasting in thermal history

    , Global Change Biology, Vol: 18, Pages: 1300-1311, ISSN: 1354-1013

    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Ecosystem respiration is a primary component of the carbon cycle and understanding the mechanisms that determine its temperature dependence will be important for predicting how rates of carbon efflux might respond to global warming. We used a rare model system, comprising a network of geothermally heated streams ranging in temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C, to explore the nature of the relationship between respiration and temperature. Using this ‘natural experiment’, we tested whether the natal thermal regime of stream communities influenced the temperature dependence of respiration in the absence of other potentially confounding variables. An empirical survey of 13 streams across the thermal gradient revealed that the temperature dependence of whole‐stream respiration was equivalent to the average activation energy of the respiratory complex (0.6–0.7 eV). This observation was also consistent for <jats:italic>in‐situ</jats:italic> benthic respiration. Laboratory experiments, incubating biofilms from four streams across the thermal gradient at a range of temperatures, revealed that the activation energy and Q<jats:sub>10</jats:sub> of respiration were remarkably consistent across streams, despite marked differences in their thermal history and significant turnover in species composition. Furthermore, absolute rates of respiration at standardised temperature were also unrelated to ambient stream temperature, but strongly reflected differences in biofilm biomass. Together, our results suggest that the core biochemistry, which drives the kinetics of oxidative respiratory metabolism, may be well conserved among diverse taxa and environments, and that the intrinsic sensitivity of respiration to temperature is not influenced by ambient environmental temperature.</jats:p>
  • Journal article
    Aizen MA, Sabatino M, Tylianakis JM, 2012,

    Specialization and Rarity Predict Nonrandom Loss of Interactions from Mutualist Networks

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 335, Pages: 1486-1489, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Journal article
    Hoover SER, Ladley JJ, Shchepetkina AA, Tisch M, Gieseg SP, Tylianakis JMet al., 2012,

    Warming, CO2, and nitrogen deposition interactively affect a plant-pollinator mutualism

    , ECOLOGY LETTERS, Vol: 15, Pages: 227-234, ISSN: 1461-023X
  • Journal article
    Schlueter M, Mcallister RRJ, Arlinghaus R, Bunnefeld N, Eisenack K, Hoelker F, Milner-Gulland EJ, Mueller B, Nicholson E, Quaas M, Stoeven Met al., 2012,

    NEW HORIZONS FOR MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW OF COUPLED SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS MODELING

    , NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING, Vol: 25, Pages: 219-272, ISSN: 0890-8575
  • Journal article
    Milner-Gulland EJ, Barlow J, Cadotte MW, Hulme PE, Kerby G, Whittingham MJet al., 2012,

    Ensuring applied ecology has impact

    , JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Vol: 49, Pages: 1-5, ISSN: 0021-8901
  • Journal article
    Kross SM, Tylianakis JM, Nelson XJ, 2012,

    Effects of Introducing Threatened Falcons into Vineyards on Abundance of Passeriformes and Bird Damage to Grapes

    , CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Vol: 26, Pages: 142-149, ISSN: 0888-8892
  • Journal article
    Baker J, Milner-Gulland EJ, Leader-Williams N, 2012,

    Park Gazettement and Integrated Conservation and Development as Factors in Community Conflict at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda

    , CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Vol: 26, Pages: 160-170, ISSN: 0888-8892
  • Journal article
    Milner-Gulland EJ, 2012,

    Interactions between human behaviour and ecological systems

    , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 367, Pages: 270-278, ISSN: 0962-8436
  • Journal article
    O'Gorman EJ, Pichler DE, Adams G, Benstead JP, Cohen H, Craig N, Cross WF, Demars BOL, Friberg N, Gislason GM, Gudmundsdottir R, Hawczak A, Hood JM, Hudson LN, Johansson L, Johansson MP, Junker JR, Laurila A, Manson JR, Mavromati E, Nelson D, Olafsson JS, Perkins DM, Petchey OL, Plebani M, Reuman DC, Rall BC, Stewart R, Thompson MSA, Woodward Get al., 2012,

    Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic Communities: Individual-to Ecosystem-Level Responses

    , ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, VOL 47: GLOBAL CHANGE IN MULTISPECIES SYSTEMS, PT 2, Vol: 47, Pages: 81-176, ISSN: 0065-2504
  • Journal article
    Lira PK, Ewers RM, Banks-Leite C, Pardini R, Metzger JPet al., 2012,

    Evaluating the legacy of landscape history: extinction debt and species credit in bird and small mammal assemblages in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

    , Journal of Applied Ecology, Pages: 1325-1333
  • Journal article
    Martensen AC, Ribeiro MC, Banks-Leite C, Prado PI, Metzger JPet al., 2012,

    Associations of Forest Cover, Fragment Area, and Connectivity with Neotropical Understory Bird Species Richness and Abundance

    , Conservation Biology, Vol: 6, Pages: 1100-1111

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