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  • Journal article
    Dani KGS, Jamie IM, Prentice IC, Atwell BJet al., 2014,

    Evolution of isoprene emission capacity in plants

    , TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE, Vol: 19, Pages: 439-446, ISSN: 1360-1385
  • Journal article
    Peralta G, Frost CM, Rand TA, Didham RK, Tylianakis JMet al., 2014,

    Complementarity and redundancy of interactions enhance attack rates and spatial stability in host-parasitoid food webs

    , ECOLOGY, Vol: 95, Pages: 1888-1896, ISSN: 0012-9658
  • Journal article
    Hoshino E, Milner-Gulland EJ, Hillary RM, 2014,

    Why model assumptions matter for natural resource management: interactions between model structure and life histories in fishery models

    , JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Vol: 51, Pages: 632-641, ISSN: 0021-8901
  • Journal article
    Bull JW, Gordon A, Law EA, Suttle KB, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,

    Importance of Baseline Specification in Evaluating Conservation Interventions and Achieving No Net Loss of Biodiversity

    , CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Vol: 28, Pages: 799-809, ISSN: 0888-8892
  • Journal article
    Frost GS, Walton GE, Swann JR, Psichas A, Costabile A, Johnson LP, Sponheimer M, Gibson GR, Barraclough TGet al., 2014,

    Impacts of Plant-Based Foods in Ancestral Hominin Diets on the Metabolism and Function of Gut Microbiota In Vitro

    , mBio, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2161-2129
  • Journal article
    Garcia RA, Cabeza M, Rahbek C, Araujo MBet al., 2014,

    Multiple Dimensions of Climate Change and Their Implications for Biodiversity

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 344, Pages: 486-+, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Journal article
    Pfeifer M, Lefebvre V, Gardner TA, Arroyo-Rodriguez V, Baeten L, Banks-Leite C, Barlow J, Betts MG, Brunet J, Cerezo A, Cisneros LM, Collard S, D'Cruze N, da Silva Motta C, Duguay S, Eggermont H, Eigenbrod F, Hadley AS, Hanson TR, Hawes JE, Scalley TH, Klingbeil BT, Kolb A, Kormann U, Kumar S, Lachat T, Lakeman Fraser P, Lantschner V, Laurance WF, Leal IR, Lens L, Marsh CJ, Medina-Rangel GF, Melles S, Mezger D, Oldekop JA, Overal WL, Owen C, Peres CA, Phalan B, Pidgeon AM, Pilia O, Possingham HP, Possingham ML, Raheem DC, Ribeiro DB, Ribeiro Neto JD, Robinson WD, Robinson R, Rytwinski T, Scherber C, Slade EM, Somarriba E, Stouffer PC, Struebig MJ, Tylianakis JM, Tscharntke T, Tyre AJ, Urbina-Cardona JN, Vasconcelos HL, Wearn O, Wells K, Willig MR, Wood E, Young RP, Bradley AV, Ewers RMet al., 2014,

    BIOFRAG - a new database for analyzing BIOdiversity responses to forest FRAGmentation

    , Ecology and Evolution, Vol: 4, Pages: 1524-1537, ISSN: 2045-7758
  • Journal article
    Rapacciuolo G, Roy DB, Gillings S, Purvis Aet al., 2014,

    Temporal validation plots: quantifying how well correlative species distribution models predict species' range changes over time

    , METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 5, Pages: 407-420, ISSN: 2041-210X
    • Cite
    • Citations: 13
  • Journal article
    Zaehle S, Medlyn BE, De Kauwe MG, Walker AP, Dietze MC, Hickler T, Luo Y, Wang Y-P, El-Masri B, Thornton P, Jain A, Wang S, Warlind D, Weng E, Parton W, Iversen CM, Gallet-Budynek A, McCarthy H, Finzi AC, Hanson PJ, Prentice IC, Oren R, Norby RJet al., 2014,

    Evaluation of 11 terrestrial carbon-nitrogen cycle models against observations from two temperate Free-Air CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment studies

    , NEW PHYTOLOGIST, Vol: 202, Pages: 803-822, ISSN: 0028-646X
    • Cite
    • Citations: 344
  • Journal article
    Tylianakis JM, Coux C, 2014,

    Tipping points in ecological networks

    , TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE, Vol: 19, Pages: 281-283, ISSN: 1360-1385
  • Journal article
    Goldson SL, Wratten SD, Ferguson CM, Gerard PJ, Barratt BIP, Hardwick S, McNeill MR, Phillips CB, Popay AJ, Tylianakis JM, Tomasetto Fet al., 2014,

    If and when successful classical biological control fails

    , BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, Vol: 72, Pages: 76-79, ISSN: 1049-9644
  • Journal article
    Garcia RA, Araujo MB, Burgess ND, Foden WB, Gutsche A, Rahbek C, Cabeza Met al., 2014,

    Matching species traits to projected threats and opportunities from climate change

    , JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Vol: 41, Pages: 724-735, ISSN: 0305-0270
  • Journal article
    O'Loughlin SM, Magesa S, Mbogo C, Mosha F, Midega J, Lomas S, Burt Aet al., 2014,

    Genomic Analyses of Three Malaria Vectors Reveals Extensive Shared Polymorphism but Contrasting Population Histories

    , MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 31, Pages: 889-902, ISSN: 0737-4038
    • Cite
    • Citations: 32
  • Journal article
    Graham SL, Hunt JE, Millard P, McSeveny T, Tylianakis JM, Whitehead Det al., 2014,

    Effects of Soil Warming and Nitrogen Addition on Soil Respiration in a New Zealand Tussock Grassland

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 9
    • Cite
    • Citations: 53
  • Journal article
    Rosa IMD, Ahmed SE, Ewers RM, 2014,

    The transparency, reliability and utility of tropical rainforest land-use and land-cover change models

    , Glob Change Biol, Pages: n/a-n/a, ISSN: 1365-2486
  • Journal article
    Davies TK, Mees CC, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,

    The past, present and future use of drifting fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Indian Ocean

    , MARINE POLICY, Vol: 45, Pages: 163-170, ISSN: 0308-597X
  • Journal article
    Knott EJ, Bunnefeld N, Huber D, Reljic S, Kerezi V, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,

    The potential impacts of changes in bear hunting policy for hunting organisations in Croatia

    , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH, Vol: 60, Pages: 85-97, ISSN: 1612-4642
    • Cite
    • Citations: 20
  • Journal article
    Edwards CTT, Bunnefeld N, Balme GA, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,

    Data-poor management of African lion hunting using a relative index of abundance

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 111, Pages: 539-543, ISSN: 0027-8424
    • Cite
    • Citations: 12
  • Journal article
    Powney GD, Rapacciuolo G, Preston CD, Purvis A, Roy DBet al., 2014,

    A phylogenetically-informed trait-based analysis of range change in the vascular plant flora of Britain

    , BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION, Vol: 23, Pages: 171-185, ISSN: 0960-3115
  • Journal article
    Jones IL, Bull JW, Milner-Gulland EJ, Esipov AV, Suttle KBet al., 2014,

    Quantifying habitat impacts of natural gas infrastructure to facilitate biodiversity offsetting

    , ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 4, Pages: 79-90, ISSN: 2045-7758
    • Cite
    • Citations: 27
  • Journal article
    Woodhouse E, McGowan P, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,

    Fungal gold and firewood on the Tibetan plateau: examining access to diverse ecosystem provisioning services within a rural community

    , ORYX, Vol: 48, Pages: 30-38, ISSN: 0030-6053
    • Cite
    • Citations: 24
  • Journal article
    Banks-Leite C, Pardini R, Tambosi LR, Pearse WD, Bueno AA, Bruscagin RT, Condez TH, Dixo M, Igari AT, Martensen AC, otherset al., 2014,

    Conserving Brazil’s Atlantic forests–response.

    , Science (New York, NY), Vol: 346, Pages: 1193-1193
  • Journal article
    Nuno A, Bunnefeld N, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,

    Managing social-ecological systems under uncertainty: implementation in the real world

    , ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1708-3087
    • Cite
    • Citations: 39
  • Journal article
    Bistinas I, Oom D, Sa ACL, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Pereira JMCet al., 2013,

    Relationships between Human Population Density and Burned Area at Continental and Global Scales

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1932-6203

    We explore the large spatial variation in the relationship between population density and burned area, usingcontinental-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) based on 13 years of satellite-derived burned areamaps from the global fire emissions database (GFED) and the human population density from the gridded populationof the world (GPW 2005). Significant relationships are observed over 51.5% of the global land area, and the areaaffected varies from continent to continent: population density has a significant impact on fire over most of Asia andAfrica but is important in explaining fire over < 22% of Europe and Australia. Increasing population density isassociated with both increased and decreased in fire. The nature of the relationship depends on land-use: increasingpopulation density is associated with increased burned are in rangelands but with decreased burned area incroplands. Overall, the relationship between population density and burned area is non-monotonic: burned areainitially increases with population density and then decreases when population density exceeds a threshold. Thesethresholds vary regionally. Our study contributes to improved understanding of how human activities relate to burnedarea, and should contribute to a better estimate of atmospheric emissions from biomass burning.
  • Journal article
    Prentice IC, Dong N, Gleason SM, Maire V, Wright IJet al., 2013,

    Balancing the costs of carbon gain and water transport: testing a new theoretical framework for plant functional ecology

    , Ecology Letters, Vol: 17, Pages: 82-91, ISSN: 1461-023X

    A novel framework is presented for the analysis of ecophysiological field measurements and modelling. The hypothesis ‘leaves minimise the summed unit costs of transpiration and carboxylation’ predicts leaf‐internal/ambient CO2 ratios (ci/ca) and slopes of maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) or leaf nitrogen (Narea) vs. stomatal conductance. Analysis of data on woody species from contrasting climates (cold‐hot, dry‐wet) yielded steeper slopes and lower mean ci/ca ratios at the dry or cold sites than at the wet or hot sites. High atmospheric vapour pressure deficit implies low ci/ca in dry climates. High water viscosity (more costly transport) and low photorespiration (less costly photosynthesis) imply low ci/ca in cold climates. Observed site‐mean ci/ca shifts are predicted quantitatively for temperature contrasts (by photorespiration plus viscosity effects) and approximately for aridity contrasts. The theory explains the dependency of ci/ca ratios on temperature and vapour pressure deficit, and observed relationships of leaf δ13C and Narea to aridity.
  • Journal article
    Medlyn BE, Duursma RA, De Kauwe MG, Prentice ICet al., 2013,

    The optimal stomatal response to atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration: Alternative solutions, alternative interpretations

    , AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, Vol: 182, Pages: 200-203, ISSN: 0168-1923
  • Journal article
    Zhou S, Duursma RA, Medlyn BE, Kelly JWG, Prentice ICet al., 2013,

    How should we model plant responses to drought? An analysis of stomatal and non-stomatal responses to water stress

    , AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, Vol: 182, Pages: 204-214, ISSN: 0168-1923
  • Journal article
    Pooley SP, Mendelsohn JA, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2013,

    Hunting Down the Chimera of Multiple Disciplinarity in Conservation Science

    , Conservation Biology

    The consensus is that both ecological and social factors are essential dimensions of conservation research and practice. However, much of the literature on multiple disciplinary collaboration focuses on the difficulties of undertaking it. This review of the challenges of conducting multiple disciplinary collaboration offers a framework for thinking about the diversity and complexity of this endeavor. We focused on conceptual challenges, of which 5 main categories emerged: methodological challenges, value judgments, theories of knowledge, disciplinary prejudices, and interdisciplinary communication. The major problems identified in these areas have proved remarkably persistent in the literature surveyed (c.1960–2012). Reasons for these failures to learn from past experience include the pressure to produce positive outcomes and gloss over disagreements, the ephemeral nature of many such projects and resulting lack of institutional memory, and the apparent complexity and incoherence of the endeavor. We suggest that multiple disciplinary collaboration requires conceptual integration among carefully selected multiple disciplinary team members united in investigating a shared problem or question. We outline a 9-point sequence of steps for setting up a successful multiple disciplinary project. This encompasses points on recruitment, involving stakeholders, developing research questions, negotiating power dynamics and hidden values and conceptual differences, explaining and choosing appropriate methods, developing a shared language, facilitating on-going communications, and discussing data integration and project outcomes. Although numerous solutions to the challenges of multiple disciplinary research have been proposed, lessons learned are often lost when projects end or experienced individuals move on. We urge multiple disciplinary teams to capture the challenges recognized, and solutions proposed, by their researchers while projects are in process. A database of we
  • Journal article
    Bunnefeld N, Edwards CTT, Atickem A, Hailu F, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    Incentivizing Monitoring and Compliance in Trophy Hunting

    , Conservation Biology, Vol: 27, Pages: 1344-1354, ISSN: 1523-1739

    Conservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on theimplications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has beensuggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show thatoverharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophyhunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertaintiesgenerated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: thesafari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompassesthe population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. Weinvestigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies.Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, butpoaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interestsof companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging communitymembers as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond whichthe year-to-year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a rolefor government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this levelis not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholderswhen designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address theparticular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily.
  • Journal article
    Nuno A, Bunnefeld N, Naiman LC, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    A novel approach to assessing the prevalence and drivers of illegal bushmeat hunting in the serengeti

    , Conservation Biology, Vol: 27, Pages: 1355-1365, ISSN: 1523-1739

    Assessing anthropogenic effects on biological diversity, identifying drivers of human behavior, and motivating behavioral change are at the core of effective conservation. Yet knowledge of people's behaviors is often limited because the true extent of natural resource exploitation is difficult to ascertain, particularly if it is illegal. To obtain estimates of rule-breaking behavior, a technique has been developed with which to ask sensitive questions. We used this technique, unmatched-count technique (UCT), to provide estimates of bushmeat poaching, to determine motivation and seasonal and spatial distribution of poaching, and to characterize poaching households in the Serengeti. We also assessed the potential for survey biases on the basis of respondent perceptions of understanding, anonymity, and discomfort. Eighteen percent of households admitted to being involved in hunting. Illegal bushmeat hunting was more likely in households with seasonal or full-time employment, lower household size, and longer household residence in the village. The majority of respondents found the UCT questions easy to understand and were comfortable answering them. Our results suggest poaching remains widespread in the Serengeti and current alternative sources of income may not be sufficiently attractive to compete with the opportunities provided by hunting. We demonstrate that the UCT is well suited to investigating noncompliance in conservation because it reduces evasive responses, resulting in more accurate estimates, and is technically simple to apply. We suggest that the UCT could be more widely used, with the trade-off being the increased complexity of data analyses and requirement for large sample sizes.

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Professor Vincent Savolainen
Professor of Organismic Biology

Co-director

Professor Matthew Fisher
Professor of Fungal Disease Epidemiology
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