In this section
@article{Akgül:2026:04/C04003,
author = {Akgül, B and Fedar, YE and Yüksel, O and Yüksel, F and Erkmen, B and Sakarya, U and Tural, Polat SN and David, A and Dauncey, P and Shukla, R},
doi = {04/C04003},
journal = {Journal of Instrumentation},
title = {Development and implementation of a non-zero suppression system for HGCAL back-end electronics},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/21/04/C04003},
volume = {21},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - In preparation for operations at the HL-LHC, the CMS Collaboration is upgrading its endcap calorimeters with a high granularity calorimeter (HGCAL). The HGCAL back-end electronics includes two Non-Zero Suppression (NZS) boards, which dynamically disable zero-suppression in designated regions of interest. This paper presents a detailed discussion of the principal components of the implemented NZS firmware and a comprehensive account of the hardware testing performed on the Serenity platform, including validation against a Python-based emulator. Each of the 48 DAQ (Data Acquisition) boards of a single endcap receives 432-bit NZS flags, which are generated non-zero-suppression control flags to disable zero suppression for designated regions of interest on the front-end sections and sent via high-speed output channels operating at 25 Gbps. The NZS firmware processes data from six EMTF input links operating at 25 Gbps, and produces the necessary non-zero suppression control flags for real-time selection and spatial mapping of up to 27 muon candidates per bunch crossing under a 360 MHz system clock constraint. To meet the stringent timing requirements, the design adopts a fully pipelined FPGA architecture, enabling deterministic latency while sustaining continuous high-throughput operation.
AU - Akgül,B
AU - Fedar,YE
AU - Yüksel,O
AU - Yüksel,F
AU - Erkmen,B
AU - Sakarya,U
AU - Tural,Polat SN
AU - David,A
AU - Dauncey,P
AU - Shukla,R
DO - 04/C04003
PY - 2026///
TI - Development and implementation of a non-zero suppression system for HGCAL back-end electronics
T2 - Journal of Instrumentation
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/21/04/C04003
VL - 21
ER -