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Journal articleGrossman N, 2018,
Modulation without surgical intervention Noninvasive deep brain stimulation can be achieved via temporally interfering electric fields
, SCIENCE, Vol: 361, Pages: 461-462, ISSN: 0036-8075 -
Journal articleGrossman N, Bono D, Dedic N, et al., 2017,
Noninvasive Deep Brain Stimulation via Temporally Interfering Electric Fields
, CELL, Vol: 169, Pages: 1029-1041.e16, ISSN: 0092-8674We report a noninvasive strategy for electrically stimulating neurons at depth. By delivering to the brain multiple electric fields at frequencies too high to recruit neural firing, but which differ by a frequency within the dynamic range of neural firing, we can electrically stimulate neurons throughout a region where interference between the multiple fields results in a prominent electric field envelope modulated at the difference frequency. We validated this temporal interference (TI) concept via modeling and physics experiments, and verified that neurons in the living mouse brain could follow the electric field envelope. We demonstrate the utility of TI stimulation by stimulating neurons in the hippocampus of living mice without recruiting neurons of the overlying cortex. Finally, we show that by altering the currents delivered to a set of immobile electrodes, we can steerably evoke different motor patterns in living mice.
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Journal articleGrossman N, Simiaki V, Martinet C, et al., 2013,
The spatial pattern of light determines the kinetics and modulates backpropagation of optogenetic action potentials
, JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE, Vol: 34, Pages: 477-488, ISSN: 0929-5313- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 28
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Conference paperNikolic K, Jarvis S, Grossman N, et al., 2013,
Computational Models of Optogenetic Tools for Controlling Neural Circuits with Light
, 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 5934-5937, ISSN: 1557-170X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 16
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Conference paperManoli Z, Grossman N, Samaras T, 2012,
Theoretical Investigation of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation using Realistic Head Model
, 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBS), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 4156-4159, ISSN: 1557-170X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 9
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