'Co-producing a research project is an approach in which researchers, practitioners and the public work together, sharing power and responsibility throughout the life of a project; from start to finish' (NIHR, 2021).

Across funders and organisations, the term 'co-production' has varying defintions. The Patient Experience Research Centre uses the above definition taken from the NIHR's guidance for co-producing a research project published in 2021. In this guidance the NIHR set out five key principles of co-production, which distinguish 'co-production' from the usual 'consultation' or 'collaboration' activities of public involvement:

1. Sharing of power – the research is jointly owned and people work together to achieve a joint understanding
2. Including all perspectives and skills –  the research team includes all those who can make a contribution
3. Respecting and valuing the knowledge of all those working together on the research – everyone is of equal importance
4. Reciprocity – everybody benefits from working together
5. Building and maintaining relationships – an emphasis on relationships is key to sharing power. There needs to be joint understanding and consensus and clarity over roles and responsibilities. It is also important to value people and unlock their potential.

However, please note that each funder differs in their interpretation of co-production, so it's important to read any funding guidance which may indicate their definition of co-production. For instance the UKRI, talks about co-production in more general terms of public involvement throughout the research cycle.

For further co-production case studies and reflections go the PERC blog.