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Journal articleKretzschmar M, Brochot J-Y, Horbury TS, et al., 2025,
The Solar Orbiter merged magnetic field
, ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 699, ISSN: 0004-6361 -
Journal articlePulupa M, Bale SD, Jebaraj IC, et al., 2025,
Highly Polarized Type III Storm Observed with Parker Solar Probe
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Vol: 987, ISSN: 2041-8205- Cite
- Citations: 2
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Journal articleNiwa Y, Tohjima Y, Terao Y, et al., 2025,
Multi-observational estimation of regional and sectoral emission contributions to the persistent high growth rate of atmospheric CH4 for 2020-2022
, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol: 25, Pages: 6757-6785, ISSN: 1680-7316Atmospheric methane (CH4) growth rates reached unprecedented values in the years 2020-2022. To identify the main drivers of this increase, an inverse modeling study estimated regional and sectoral emission changes for 2016-2022. Three inverse estimates based on different sets of atmospheric CH4 observations (surface observations only, surface and aircraft observations, and GOSAT observations) consistently suggest notable emission increases from 2016-2019 to 2020-2022 in the tropics (15° S-10° N) (10-18 Tg CH4 yr-1) and in northern low latitudes (10-35° N) (ca. 20 Tg CH4 yr-1), the latter of which likely contributed to the growth rate surge from 2020. The emission increase in the northern low latitudes is attributed to emissions in South Asia and northern Southeast Asia, which abruptly increased from 2019 to 2020, and elevated emissions continued until 2022. Meanwhile, the tropical emission increase is dominated by Tropical South America and Central Africa, but emissions were continuously increasing before 2019. Agreement was found in the sectoral estimates of the three inversions in the tropics and northern low latitudes, suggesting the largest contribution of biogenic emissions. Uncertainty reductions demonstrate that the flux estimates in Asia are well constrained by surface and aircraft observations. Furthermore, a sensitivity test with the probable reduction of OH radicals showed smaller emissions by up to 2-3 Tg CH4 yr-1 in each Asian region for 2020, still suggesting notable emission contributions. These results highlight the importance of biogenic emissions in Asian regions for the persistent high growth rate observed during 2020-2022.
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Journal articleWilson III LB, Mitchell JG, Szabo A, et al., 2025,
Large-amplitude Whistler Precursors and >MeV Particles Observed at a Weak Interplanetary Shock by Parker Solar Probe
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 987, ISSN: 0004-637X- Cite
- Citations: 1
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Journal articleTurc L, Archer MO, Zhou H, et al., 2025,
Interplay between a foreshock bubble and a hot flow anomaly forming along the same rotational discontinuity
, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol: 52, ISSN: 0094-8276Solar wind directional discontinuities can generate transient mesoscale structures such as foreshock bubbles and hot flow anomalies (HFAs) upstream of Earth's bow shock. These structures can have a global impact on near-Earth space, so understanding their formation conditions is essential. We investigate foreshock transient generation at a rotational discontinuity using a global 2D hybrid-Vlasov simulation. As expected, a foreshock bubble forms on the sunward side of the discontinuity. Later, when the discontinuity reaches the shock, new structures identified as HFAs develop, despite the initial discontinuity not being favorable to HFA formation. We demonstrate that the foreshock bubble provides the necessary conditions for their generation. We then investigate the evolution of the transient structures and the large-scale bow shock deformation they induce. Our results provide new insights on the formation and evolution of foreshock transients and their impact on the shock.
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Journal articleGoodwin P, Williams RG, Ceppi P, et al., 2025,
Climate Feedbacks Derived From Spatial Gradients in Recent Climatology
, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, Vol: 130, ISSN: 2169-897X -
Journal articleRen T, Yang P, Brindley HE, et al., 2025,
Temperature-Dependent Optical Properties of Ice Crystals in the Far-Infrared Regime
, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 52, ISSN: 0094-8276 -
Journal articleKartavykh Y, Rodriguez-Garcia L, Heber B, et al., 2025,
A statistical study of energetic particle events associated with interplanetary shocks observed by Solar Orbiter in solar cycle 25
, ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 699, ISSN: 0004-6361 -
Journal articleDakeyo J-B, Demoulin P, Rouillard A, et al., 2025,
Generalized Two Thermal Regime Approach: Bipoly Fluid Modeling
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 986, ISSN: 0004-637X -
Journal articlePhan TD, Romeo OM, Drake JF, et al., 2025,
Parker Solar Probe Observations of a Highly Energetic and Asymmetric Reconnecting Heliospheric Current Sheet during Encounter 13
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 986, ISSN: 0004-637X -
Journal articleHuang J, Larson DE, Ervin T, et al., 2025,
The Temperature Anisotropy and Helium Abundance Features of Alfvénic Slow Solar Wind Observed by Parker Solar Probe, Helios, and Wind Missions
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Vol: 986, ISSN: 2041-8205- Cite
- Citations: 3
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Journal articleSeo G-Y, Min S-K, Lee D, et al., 2025,
Hourly extreme rainfall projections over South Korea using convection permitting climate simulations
, NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE, Vol: 8, ISSN: 2397-3722 -
Journal articleGrillakis M, Voulgarakis A, 2025,
Diverse wildfire impacts on river flows across the globe
, Communications Earth & Environment, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2662-4435Forest fires can significantly impact the hydrological regime of river basins, affecting short-term flood propensity and long-term water resource availability until vegetation is reestablished. While basin-level studies have extensively investigated these impacts, regional and global-scale assessments remain limited. Here we use a comprehensive global dataset of river discharge observations to systematically assess the hydrological response to wildfires for a range of hydrologically homogenous world regions and biomes. Our analysis reveals contrasting hydrological impacts by region, with high-latitude discharge ratios declining by 7.5% and 16% in the first and second year after wildfire, respectively, while Northern mid-latitude regions showing a marginal 3.3% median increase in discharge ratio the first-year post-fire. Sub-tropical and equatorial regions display negative and positive effects, respectively. We further discuss how potential ecological and hydroclimatic factors, along with human river and watershed management, shape these diverse hydrological responses per hydroclimatic region.
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Journal articleZomerdijk-Russell S, Jasinski J, Masters A, 2025,
Variation of model-predicted reconnection voltages applied to Uranus’ dayside magnetosphere
, JGR: Space Physics, ISSN: 2169-9402Uranus provides a key missing piece for fundamentally understanding solar wind-magnetospheric interactions due to its location in the outer solar system. Whether the viscous-like interaction overtakes global magnetic reconnection as the dominant process at the magnetopauseof the outer planets remains unresolved. Here, we present theoretical predictions of dayside reconnection voltages applied to the Uranian system under different magnetospheric configurations to assess the effectiveness of global magnetic reconnection in the driving of Uranus’magnetosphere. We find the median model-predicted dayside reconnection voltage applied to Uranus’ magnetosphere is 22.4 kV. Over just one full planetary rotation, the reconnection voltages are found to vary by tens of kV under Uranus’ magnetospheric configuration during its solstice and equinox seasons with fixed solar wind conditions. However, we do not find a significant difference between average voltages at the different seasons, despite the large differences in magnetospheric configuration between solstice and equinox at Uranus. An increase from ~17 kV to ~31 kV in the modeled reconnection voltages is observed when the strength of the interplanetarymagnetic field is increased corresponding to expected conditions during solar maximum. Our results suggest that variability resulting from the planet’s diurnal rotation and changing solar wind conditions, are more important in controlling the reconnection voltages than seasonaldependencies.
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Journal articleDesai MI, Drake JF, Phan T, et al., 2025,
Magnetic Reconnection-driven Energization of Protons up to ∼400 keV at the Near-Sun Heliospheric Current Sheet
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Vol: 985, ISSN: 2041-8205- Cite
- Citations: 2
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Journal articleHorner G, Gryspeerdt E, 2025,
How does the lifetime of detrained cirrus impact the high-cloud radiative effect in the tropics?
, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol: 25, Pages: 5617-5631, ISSN: 1680-7316The lifetime of cirrus clouds from deep convection plays an important role in determining their overall cloud radiative effect (CRE). The net CRE of cirrus clouds from deep convection is close to zero over their whole lifetime. This CRE is the result of a near-cancellation of a large shortwave (SW) cooling and large longwave (LW) warming, such that small changes in cirrus properties have the potential to produce a significant net radiative effect. Changes in the atmospheric and sea surface temperature structure, along with changes in anthropogenic aerosol, have been hypothesised to impact the lifetime of detrained cirrus clouds, altering this radiative balance. Constraining the potential CRE response to changes in cirrus lifetime is therefore vital to understand the strength of these proposed climate forcings and feedbacks.This paper tracks the evolution of detrained cirrus clouds along trajectories from deep convection. The total cirrus CRE in the tropics is found to be warming, at 11.2 ± 0.4 W m−2. It is found that cirrus clouds along trajectories from oceanic origin convection have a warming CRE of 10.0 ± 0.4 W m−2. In contrast, cirrus clouds along trajectories from land convection have a warming of 15.9 ± 0.7 W m−2 throughout their lifetime. This contrast is predominantly due to differences in the diurnal cycle of the initial convection over land and ocean.A proposed extension to the lifetime of the detrained cirrus leads to changes in the total cirrus CRE in the tropics. In all cases, doubling the lifetime of the detrained cirrus leads to an increase in the total cirrus CRE of 0.6 ± 0.1 W m−2. Whilst there is uncertainty in the strength of mechanisms responsible for a change in cirrus lifetime, this work provides an important constraint on the impact that any potential lifetime extension may have.
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Journal articleHamilton CW, Mcewen AS, Keszthelyi L, et al., 2025,
Comparing NASA Discovery and New Frontiers Class Mission Concepts for the Io Volcano Observer
, PLANETARY SCIENCE JOURNAL, Vol: 6- Cite
- Citations: 1
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Journal articleLozinski AR, Kellerman AC, Bortnik J, et al., 2025,
Modeling the Internal Redistribution of Earth's Proton Radiation Belt by Interplanetary Shocks
, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 130, ISSN: 2169-9380 -
Journal articleKim K, Edberg NJT, Modolo R, et al., 2025,
Electron Structures in Titan's Induced Magnetosphere and Low-Frequency Wave Activity
, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS, Vol: 130, ISSN: 2169-9097 -
Journal articleMauritsen T, Tsushima Y, Meyssignac B, et al., 2025,
Earth's Energy Imbalance More Than Doubled in Recent Decades
, AGU ADVANCES, Vol: 6- Cite
- Citations: 3
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Journal articleColomban L, Agapitov OV, Krasnoselskikh V, et al., 2025,
Polarization Properties of Whistler Waves From the First 17 Parker Solar Probe Encounters
, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 52, ISSN: 0094-8276 -
Journal articleAlnussirat ST, Larson DE, Livi R, et al., 2025,
Impulsive Solar Flares in the Parker Solar Probe Era. I. Low-energy Electron, Proton, and Alpha Beams
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 985, ISSN: 0004-637X -
Journal articleBowen TA, Dunn CI, Mallet A, et al., 2025,
Nonlinear Interactions in Spherically Polarized Alfvénic Turbulence
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 985, ISSN: 0004-637X- Cite
- Citations: 1
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Journal articleCuesta ME, Livadiotis G, Mccomas DJ, et al., 2025,
Transfer of Entropy between the Magnetic Field and Solar Energetic Particles during an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Vol: 984, ISSN: 2041-8205- Cite
- Citations: 2
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Journal articleShen MM, Szalay JR, Pokorny P, et al., 2025,
Diverse Dust Populations in the Near-Sun Environment Characterized by PSP/IS⊙IS
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 984, ISSN: 0004-637X- Cite
- Citations: 1
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Journal articleVallim D, Grillakis M, Manoudakis S, et al., 2025,
Stakeholder Engagement Drivers: Insights from an Information System Innovation Project Supporting Wildfire Evacuation in Greece
, Proceedings of the International Iscram ConferenceThe Samaria Gorge, a tourist destination in Crete, faces wildfire risk due to its dense forest, topography, number of visitors, and climate. As part of a H2020 project, the Gorge serves as a testing pilot for a new wildfire management platform that integrates technologies to improve fire detection, risk assessment, and resource allocation during a wildfire evacuation. A central component of the project is a multi-stakeholder network, which supports both governance and acceptance of solutions. To understand the drivers of network formation, we used a Social Network Analysis and Exponential Random Graphs Model approaches to identify the drivers of stakeholder collaboration. Our findings indicate that sectoral and wildfire management focus phase are factors driving connections, while the working in intersecting jurisdictions is not. The results highlight the challenges of multi-stakeholder collaboration, suggesting that policy frameworks and information systems need to develop specific mechanisms to encourage stakeholders to bridge collaborative gaps.
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Journal articlePerkins O, Kasoar M, Voulgarakis A, et al., 2025,
The spatial distribution and temporal drivers of changing global fire regimes: a coupled socio-ecological modeling approach
, Earth's Future, Vol: 13, ISSN: 2328-4277The limited capacity of fire-enabled vegetation models to represent human influences on fire regimes is a fundamental challenge in fire science. This limitation places a major constraint on our capacity to understand how vegetation fire may change under future scenarios of climate change and socio-economic development. Here, we address this challenge by presenting a novel integration of two process-based models. The first is the Wildfire Human Agency Model (WHAM!), which draws on agent-based approaches to represent anthropogenic fire use and management. The second is JULES-INFERNO, a fire-enabled dynamic global vegetation model, which takes a physically grounded approach to the representation of vegetation-fire dynamics. The combined model enables a coupled socio-ecological simulation of historical burned area. We calibrate the combined model using GFED5 burned area data and perform an independent evaluation using MODIS-based fire radiative power observations. Results suggest that as much as half of all global burned area is generated by managed anthropogenic fires—typically small fires that are lit for, and then spread according to, land user objectives. Furthermore, we demonstrate that including representation of managed anthropogenic fires in a coupled socio-ecological simulation improves understanding of the drivers of unmanaged wildfires. For example, we show how vegetation flammability and landscape fragmentation control inter-annual variability and longer-term change in unmanaged fires. Overall, findings presented here indicate that both socio-economic and climate change will be vital in determining the future trajectory of fire on Earth.
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Journal articleNair R, Halekas JS, Cattell C, et al., 2025,
Suprathermal Electron Scattering by Narrowband Whistler Waves and Broadband Electrostatic Waves: Parker Solar Probe Observations
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 984, ISSN: 0004-637X -
Journal articleBeggan CD, Eastwood JP, Eggington JWB, et al., 2025,
Implementing an operational cloud‐based now‐ and forecasting system for space weather ground effects in the UK
, Space Weather, Vol: 23, ISSN: 1539-4956The enhanced variation of the magnetic field during severe to extreme geomagnetic storms induces a large geoelectric field in the subsurface. Grounded infrastructure can be susceptible to geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) during these events. Modeling the effect in real-time and forecasting the magnitude of GICs are important for allowing operators of critical infrastructure to make informed decisions on potential impacts. As part of the UK-funded Space Weather Innovation, Measurement, Modeling and Risk (SWIMMR) program, we implemented nine research-level models into operational codes capable of running consistently and robustly to produce estimates of GICs in the Great Britain high voltage power transmission network, the high pressure gas pipeline network and the railway network. To improve magnetic coverage and geoelectric field modeling accuracy, three new variometer sites were installed in the UK and a 3 year campaign of magnetotelluric measurements at 53 sites was undertaken. The models rely on real-time ground observatory data and solar wind data from satellites at the L1 Lagrange point. A mixture of empirical machine learning and numerical magnetohydrodynamic models are used for forecasting. In addition to nowcast capabilities, contextual information on the likelihood of substorms, sudden commencements and large rates of change of the magnetic field were developed. The final nowcast and forecast codes were implemented in a cloud-based environment using modern software tools and practices. We describe the process to move from research to operations (R2O).
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Journal articleEastwood J, Brown P, Oddy T, et al., 2025,
In flight performance of the MAGIC magnetoresistive magnetometer on the RadCube CubeSat
, Space Science Reviews, Vol: 221, ISSN: 0038-6308In studying space physics, planetary science, and space weather, space-based in situ measurements of the magnetic field are fundamental to understanding underlying physical processes, as well as providing context for other observations. Whilst in many cases instrument design is not severely constrained by the available resource envelope, there are many applications, particularly when using new generations of spacecraft platforms such as CubeSats, that require very low resource sensors. In this context we review the design, development, construction, and flight of the highly miniaturised MAGIC (MAGnetometer from Imperial College) instrument on the RadCube Technology Demonstration CubeSat. MAGIC consists of a boom-mounted (outboard) Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) vector sensor connected by harness to a single electronics card inside RadCube. A second inboard AMR vector sensor is mounted on the electronics card. RadCube launched on 17 August 2021 to a sun-synchronous low-Earth polar orbit, with the main mission lasting until April 2022. Routine operations were subsequently extended to the end of 2022, with further special operations in 2023 and 2024 before re-entry on 20 August 2024. Here we review RadCube observations made over more than two years in orbit. Key results from MAGIC on RadCube include meeting ESA space weather magnetic field measurement requirements with both the outboard and inboard sensor, as well as detection of field aligned current signatures at high latitude.
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