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• Book chapter
  Turnbull JC, Graven H, Krakauer NY, 2016,

  Radiocarbon in the Atmosphere

  , RADIOCARBON AND CLIMATE CHANGE: MECHANISMS, APPLICATIONS AND LABORATORY TECHNIQUES, Editors: Schuur, Druffel, Trumbore, Publisher: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 83-137, ISBN: 978-3-319-25641-2
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  • Citations: 13
• Journal article
  De Kauwe MG, Lin Y-S, Wright IJ, Medlyn BE, Crous KY, Ellsworth DS, Maire V, Prentice IC, Atkin OK, Rogers A, Niinemets U, Serbin SP, Meir P, Uddling J, Togashi HF, Tarvainen L, Weerasinghe LK, Evans BJ, Ishida FY, Domingues TFet al., 2015,

  A test of the 'one-point method' for estimating maximum carboxylation capacity from field-measured, light-saturated photosynthesis

  , New Phytologist, Vol: 210, Pages: 1130-1144, ISSN: 1469-8137
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• Conference paper
  Stavrou A, Murphy W, Lawrence JA, 2015,

  Evaluating the influence of block size in cable bolt performance

  , Future Developments of Rock Mechanics. EUROCK2015 & 64th Geomechanics Colloquium, Publisher: Austrian Society for Geomechanics, Pages: 859-864
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• Conference paper
  Aliyu MM, Murphy W, Collier R, Lawrence JAet al., 2015,

  Classification of flints for drill wear potential

  , Future Developments of Rock Mechanics. EUROCK2015 & 64th Geomechanics Colloquium, Publisher: Austrian Society for Geomechanics, Pages: 309-314

  The assessment of abrasiveness and hardness of rocks have been extensively coveredby previous researchers, with little attention to flints, which were only described as highly abrasive.However, analysis of flints has shown that abrasivity of flints varies. These parameters areimportant inputs for the prediction of drill bit wear rate and design of various parts ofdrilling/tunneling/mining equipment. In this paper, a classification of flints (sampled from theEnglish, French and Danish Chalk) which correlates with the abrasivity and hardness of flints isproposed. The results showed lighter/grey flints (with more calcite) have lower potential to causedrill bit wear as indicated by hardness and geotechnical wear indices than dark flints. This tends tosuggest that even small variations in the carbonate content results in significant variation inabrasivity and that colour can be used as an indication of the potential of flints to cause tool wear.

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• Journal article
  Murray KA, Baselga A, 2015,

  Reply to Chen and Schmera: Partitioning beta diversity into replacement and nestedness-resultant components is not controversial

  , PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 112, Pages: E7162-E7162, ISSN: 0027-8424
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  • Citations: 3
• Journal article
  Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Smith DL, Moyes CL, Tatem AJ, Lynch M, Fergus CA, Yukich J, Bennett A, Eisele TP, Kolaczinski J, Cibulskis RE, Hay SI, Gething PWet al., 2015,

  Coverage and system efficiencies of insecticide-treated nets in Africa from 2000 to 2017.

  , eLife, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2050-084X

  Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for malaria control are widespread but coverage remains inadequate. We developed a Bayesian model using data from 102 national surveys, triangulated against delivery data and distribution reports, to generate year-by-year estimates of four ITN coverage indicators. We explored the impact of two potential 'inefficiencies': uneven net distribution among households and rapid rates of net loss from households. We estimated that, in 2013, 21% (17%-26%) of ITNs were over-allocated and this has worsened over time as overall net provision has increased. We estimated that rates of ITN loss from households are more rapid than previously thought, with 50% lost after 23 (20-28) months. We predict that the current estimate of 920 million additional ITNs required to achieve universal coverage would in reality yield a lower level of coverage (77% population access). By improving efficiency, however, the 920 million ITNs could yield population access as high as 95%.

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• Journal article
  Diaz S, Kattge J, Cornelissen JHC, Wright IJ, Lavorel S, Dray S, Reu B, Kleyer M, Wirth C, Prentice IC, Garnier E, Boenisch G, Westoby M, Poorter H, Reich PB, Moles AT, Dickie J, Gillison AN, Zanne AE, Chave J, Wright SJ, Sheremet'ev SN, Jactel H, Baraloto C, Cerabolini B, Pierce S, Shipley B, Kirkup D, Casanoves F, Joswig JS, Guenther A, Falczuk V, Rueger N, Mahecha MD, Gorne LDet al., 2015,

  The global spectrum of plant form and function

  , Nature, Vol: 529, Pages: 167-U73, ISSN: 0028-0836

  Earth is home to a remarkable diversity of plant forms and life histories, yet comparatively few essential trait combinations have proved evolutionarily viable in today’s terrestrial biosphere. By analysing worldwide variation in six major traits critical to growth, survival and reproduction within the largest sample of vascular plant species ever compiled, we found that occupancy of six-dimensional trait space is strongly concentrated, indicating coordination and trade-offs. Three-quarters of trait variation is captured in a two-dimensional global spectrum of plant form and function. One major dimension within this plane reflects the size of whole plants and their parts; the other represents the leaf economics spectrum, which balances leaf construction costs against growth potential. The global plant trait spectrum provides a backdrop for elucidating constraints on evolution, for functionally qualifying species and ecosystems, and for improving models that predict future vegetation based on continuous variation in plant form and function.

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• Journal article
  De Kauwe MG, Zhou S-X, Medlyn BE, Pitman AJ, Wang Y-P, Duursma RA, Prentice ICet al., 2015,

  Do land surface models need to include differential plant species responses to drought? Examining model predictions across a mesic-xeric gradient in Europe

  , Biogeosciences, Vol: 12, Pages: 7503-7518, ISSN: 1726-4189

  Future climate change has the potential to increase drought in many regions of the globe, making it essential that land surface models (LSMs) used in coupled climate models realistically capture the drought responses of vegetation. Recent data syntheses show that drought sensitivity varies considerably among plants from different climate zones, but state-of-the-art LSMs currently assume the same drought sensitivity for all vegetation. We tested whether variable drought sensitivities are needed to explain the observed large-scale patterns of drought impact on the carbon, water and energy fluxes. We implemented data-driven drought sensitivities in the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) LSM and evaluated alternative sensitivities across a latitudinal gradient in Europe during the 2003 heatwave. The model predicted an overly abrupt onset of drought unless average soil water potential was calculated with dynamic weighting across soil layers. We found that high drought sensitivity at the most mesic sites, and low drought sensitivity at the most xeric sites, was necessary to accurately model responses during drought. Our results indicate that LSMs will over-estimate drought impacts in drier climates unless different sensitivity of vegetation to drought is taken into account.

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• Journal article
  Osborne AH, Haley BA, Hathorne EC, Plancherel Y, Frank Met al., 2015,

  Rare earth element distribution in Caribbean seawater: Continental inputs versus lateral transport of distinct REE compositions in subsurface water masses

  , MARINE CHEMISTRY, Vol: 177, Pages: 172-183, ISSN: 0304-4203
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  • Citations: 87
• Journal article
  Mistry R, Eastwood JP, Hietala H, 2015,

  Development of bifurcated current sheets in solar wind reconnection exhausts

  , Geophysical Research Letters, Vol: 42, Pages: 10513-10520, ISSN: 1944-8007

  Petschek-type reconnection is expected to result in bifurcations of reconnection current sheets. In contrast, Hall reconnection simulations show smooth changes in the reconnecting magnetic field. Here we study three solar wind reconnection events where different spacecraft sample oppositely directed reconnection exhausts from a common reconnection site. The spacecraft's relative separations and measurements of the exhaust width are used to geometrically calculate each spacecraft's distance from the X line. We find that in all cases spacecraft farthest from the X line observe clearly bifurcated reconnection current sheets, while spacecraft nearer to the X line do not. These observations suggest that clear bifurcations of reconnection current sheets occur at large distances from the X line (~1000 ion skin depths) and that Petschek-type signatures are less developed close to the reconnection site. This may imply that fully developed bifurcations of reconnection current sheets are unlikely to be observed in the near-Earth magnetotail.

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