In this section
@article{Vanin:2026:10.1016/j.joule.2025.102310,
author = {Vanin, F and Webb, T and Gao, D and Welch, K and Tremlett, WDJ and Qian, L and Zhang, C and Brown, RK and White, AJP and Gasparini, N and Bo, L and Zhu, Z and Haque, SA and Long, NJ},
doi = {10.1016/j.joule.2025.102310},
journal = {Joule},
title = {Stable comprehensive dopants for efficient and scalable perovskite solar cells},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102310},
volume = {10},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - Controlled doping of organic semiconductors is crucial for their application in optoelectronic devices. In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), breakthrough efficiencies have relied on doped Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport materials. However, the ubiquitous adoption of multicomponent lithium-based doping schemes, known for their hygroscopic, volatile, and temperamental nature, remains a major issue for n-i-p PSCs. Therefore, next-generation dopants must be re-engineered from first principles. Here, we report a class of tailored ferrocenium oxidants as high-performance, comprehensive Spiro-OMeTAD dopants. Tuning ferrocenium reduction potentials enables near-quantitative Spiro-OMeTAD<sup>⋅+</sup> conversion, affording optimal electronic and energetic properties. The resulting ferrocenium-doped PSCs outperform conventional counterparts, achieving device and module efficiencies of 26.13% and 22.21%, respectively, with ultra-low dopant loadings. Devices show excellent operational stability, retaining 95% (unheated) and 87% (held at 65°C) of the initial efficiency after 1,000 h of continuous operation. Our results reveal the unrecognized potential of comprehensive doping paradigms in PSCs and beyond.
AU - Vanin,F
AU - Webb,T
AU - Gao,D
AU - Welch,K
AU - Tremlett,WDJ
AU - Qian,L
AU - Zhang,C
AU - Brown,RK
AU - White,AJP
AU - Gasparini,N
AU - Bo,L
AU - Zhu,Z
AU - Haque,SA
AU - Long,NJ
DO - 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102310
PY - 2026///
TI - Stable comprehensive dopants for efficient and scalable perovskite solar cells
T2 - Joule
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102310
VL - 10
ER -
Professor Nick Long
Email: n.long@imperial.ac.uk
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7594 5781
501J
Molecular Sciences Research Hub
White City Campus
