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  • Journal article
    Pieri T, Nikitas A, Angelis-Dimakis A, 2018,

    Holistic assessment of carbon capture and utilization value chains

    , Environments, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2076-3298

    Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is recognized by the European Union, along with carbon, capture and storage (CCS), as one of the main tools towards global warming mitigation. It has, thus, been extensively studied by various researchers around the world. The majority of the papers published so far focus on the individual stages of a CCU value chain (carbon capture, separation, purification, transportation, and transformation/utilization). However, a holistic approach, taking into account the matching and the interaction between these stages, is also necessary in order to optimize and develop technically and economically feasible CCU value chains. The objective of this contribution is to present the most important studies that are related to the individual stages of CCU and to perform a critical review of the major existing methods, algorithms and tools that focus on the simulation or optimization of CCU value chains. The key research gaps will be identified and examined in order to lay the foundation for the development of a methodology towards the holistic assessment of CCU value chains.
  • Journal article
    Gesslbauer S, Cheek H, White A, Romain CREet al., 2018,

    Highly active aluminium catalysts for room temperature ring-opening polymerisation of rac-lactide

    , Dalton Transactions, Vol: 31, ISSN: 1477-9226

    A new series of aluminium complexes bearing ‘catam’ ligands has been synthesised and fully characterised. They were found to exhibit high activity at room temperature for rac-lactide ring-opening polymerisation, a rather rare feature for aluminium-based catalysts.
  • Journal article
    Kinloch AJ, Uhlig C, Bauer J, Bauer M, Kahle O, Taylor ACet al., 2018,

    Influence of backbone structure, conversion and phenolic co-curing of cyanate esters on side relaxations, fracture toughness, flammability properties and water uptake and toughening with low molecular weight polyethersulphones

    , Reactive and Functional Polymers, Vol: 129, Pages: 2-22, ISSN: 1381-5148

    The effect of backbone structure and conversion of polycyanurate networks on solid state properties has been studied and compared to co-curing with bisphenol-A. Dynamic mechanical behaviour, density, flammability properties, fracture toughness and long-term water uptake were investigated. The intensity of the γ-relaxation increases, room temperature density decreases with increasing conversion, both due to increasing free volume with increasing conversion. A brittle-ductile transition was detected by precise fracture toughness measurements; above a critical conversion the fracture toughness rises suddenly from extremely low values to a plateau or maximum: Networks with higher toughness show a maximum, those with lower toughness a plateau. Bisphenol-A modification causes intrinsic toughness variations. Toughening of two different cyanate esters with polyethersulphones synthesized with various molecular weights between 3000 and 10,500 (Mn) was investigated. Significant toughening effects can be achieved already with intermediate molecular weights lower than those of commercially-available high-Tg amorphous thermoplastics. Long-term water uptake measurements at 28 °C, 50 °C and 70 °C over two years show a non-Fickian part of the water uptake for all cyanate esters even at temperatures as low as 28 °C. The effects of backbone structure, conversion and storage temperature are discussed in detail.
  • Journal article
    Carroll D, Constantinou A, Stingelin N, Georgiou Tet al., 2018,

    Scalable syntheses of well-defined pentadecablock bipolymer and quintopolymer

    , Polymer Chemistry, Vol: 9, Pages: 3450-3454, ISSN: 1759-9954

    The one-pot syntheses of two pentadeca-(15)-block methacrylate-based amphiphilic copolymers, specifically a bipolymer (AB)7A and a quintopolymer (ABCDE)3, are being reported using a fast and easy to scale up procedure that does not require any intermediate purification steps. Both syntheses were carried out using sequential group transfer polymerisation (GTP) and took under 3.5 h. Amino-containing (DMAEMA, DEAEMA), ether (THFMA, MEGMA) and alkyl (EtMA) methacrylates were used to produce the multiblock copolymers with a final Đ < 1.3.
  • Book chapter
    Taylor AC, 2018,

    Adhesives with nanoparticles

    , Handbook of Adhesion Technology: Second Edition, Pages: 1677-1702, ISBN: 9783319554105

    © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018. All rights are reserved. The increased commercial availability and the reduced prices of nanoparticles are leading to their incorporation in polymers and structural adhesives. This chapter outlines the principal types of nanoparticles, and the methods that may be used to disperse the particles in a polymer matrix. It discusses how nanoparticles can alter the mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness), electrical properties (e.g., conductivity), functional properties (e.g., permeability, glass transition temperature), and fracture performance of thermoset polymers. The effect of nanoparticles on joint performance is also discussed.
  • Journal article
    Zhang R, Li-Mayer J, Charalambides M, 2018,

    Development of an image-based numerical model for predicting the microstructure-property relationship in Alumina Trihydrate (ATH) filled Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)

    , International Journal of Fracture, Vol: 211, Pages: 125-148, ISSN: 0376-9429

    Particulate composites are found in a wide range of applications. Their heterogeneous microstructure affects their bulk behavior and structural performance, however tools for predicting this important structure-property relationship are still lacking. In this study, a numerical method that can provide predictions of the mechanical response of a particulate polymeric matrix composite as a function of volume fraction and particle mean diameter is presented. The work is derived for an alumina trihydrate filled poly(methyl methacrylate) but the methodology is generic and can be used for any particulate composite. Representative Volume elements are determined through images obtained from scanning electron microscopy. The model takes into account the possibility of failure through interface debonding as well as cracks through the matrix. The model predictions for the modulus and fracture strength of the composites are validated through independent experiments on the composite. The numerical results are also used to qualitatively explain the trends measured regarding the fracture toughness of the composites. Compared to other literature on particulate composites, our study is the first to report accurate stress–strain distributions as well as fracture predictions whilst all the necessary model parameters defining the failure criteria are all derived through independent experiments. This paves the way for a relatively simple methodology for determining structure-property relationships in composites design, enabling smarter material utilization and optimal mechanical properties.
  • Journal article
    Vespa E, Nikolov N, Grimm M, Nardi L, Kelly PH, Leutenegger Set al., 2018,

    Efficient octree-based volumetric SLAM supporting signed-distance and occupancy mapping

    , IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Vol: 3, Pages: 1144-1151, ISSN: 2377-3766

    We present a dense volumetric simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) framework that uses an octree representation for efficient fusion and rendering of either a truncated signed distance field (TSDF) or an occupancy map. The primary aim of this letter is to use one single representation of the environment that can be used not only for robot pose tracking and high-resolution mapping, but seamlessly for planning. We show that our highly efficient octree representation of space fits SLAM and planning purposes in a real-time control loop. In a comprehensive evaluation, we demonstrate dense SLAM accuracy and runtime performance on-par with flat hashing approaches when using TSDF-based maps, and considerable speed-ups when using occupancy mapping compared to standard occupancy maps frameworks. Our SLAM system can run at 10-40 Hz on a modern quadcore CPU, without the need for massive parallelization on a GPU. We, furthermore, demonstrate a probabilistic occupancy mapping as an alternative to TSDF mapping in dense SLAM and show its direct applicability to online motion planning, using the example of informed rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT*).
  • Conference paper
    Czarnowski J, Leutenegger S, Davison AJ, 2018,

    Semantic Texture for Robust Dense Tracking

    , 16th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 851-859, ISSN: 2473-9936
  • Journal article
    van Sebille E, Griffies SM, Abernathey R, Adams T, Berloff P, Biastoch A, Blanke B, Chassignet E, Cheng Y, Cotter C, Deleersnijder E, Doos K, Drake H, Drijfhout S, Gary S, Heemink A, Kjellsson J, Koszalka I, Lange M, Lique C, MacGilchrist G, Marsh R, Mayorga Adame G, McAdam R, Nencioli F, Paris C, Piggott M, Polton J, Ruhs S, Shah S, Thomas M, Wang J, Wolfram P, Zanna L, Zika Jet al., 2017,

    Lagrangian ocean analysis: fundamentals and practices

    , Ocean Modelling, Vol: 121, Pages: 49-75, ISSN: 1463-5003

    Lagrangian analysis is a powerful way to analyse the output of ocean circulation models and other ocean velocity data such as from altimetry. In the Lagrangian approach, large sets of virtual particles are integrated within the three-dimensional, time-evolving velocity fields. Over several decades, a variety of tools and methods for this purpose have emerged. Here, we review the state of the art in the field of Lagrangian analysis of ocean velocity data, starting from a fundamental kinematic framework and with a focus on large-scale open ocean applications. Beyond the use of explicit velocity fields, we consider the influence of unresolved physics and dynamics on particle trajectories. We comprehensively list and discuss the tools currently available for tracking virtual particles. We then showcase some of the innovative applications of trajectory data, and conclude with some open questions and an outlook. The overall goal of this review paper is to reconcile some of the different techniques and methods in Lagrangian ocean analysis, while recognising the rich diversity of codes that have and continue to emerge, and the challenges of the coming age of petascale computing.
  • Journal article
    McAdam R, 2017,

    Plastic in the ocean: How much is out there?

    , Significance, Vol: 14, Pages: 24-27, ISSN: 1740-9705

    Plastic waste is found in ocean waters, on beaches and in the marine food chain. Counting it all would be impossible, but the approximate scale of the problem can be estimated. Ronan McAdam highlights the many roles of statistics in describing and tackling this global issue

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