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@article{Krawczyk:2025:10.1364/BOE.563581,
author = {Krawczyk, B and Kudlinski, A and Murray, RT and Schultz, SR and Foust, AJ and Runcorn, TH},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.563581},
journal = {Biomedical Optics Express},
pages = {2327--2336},
title = {Two-photon microscopy using picosecond pulses from four-wave mixing in a Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.563581},
volume = {16},
year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Two-photon microscopy (TPM) enables deep tissue imaging but requires excitation pulses that have a large product of average and peak power, typically supplied by femtosecond solid-state lasers. However, these lasers are bulky, and femtosecond pulses require careful dispersion management to avoid pulse broadening, particularly when delivery fibers are used. Here we present a compact, fiber-based picosecond laser source operating at 790 nm for TPM using an ytterbium-doped photonic crystal fiber (Yb-doped PCF). The Yb-doped PCF simultaneously amplifies 1064 nm input pulses and efficiently converts them to 790 nm via four-wave mixing, generating pulses with a peak power of up to ∼3.8 kW. The source has a variable repetition rate (1.48 MHz–14.78 MHz), enabling the two-photon excitation fluorescence signal to be maximized in the presence of excitation saturation. We benchmark our picosecond laser source against a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser for TPM of stained Convallaria majalis samples and demonstrate comparable fluorescence signal when the two-photon excitation conditions are matched.
AU  - Krawczyk,B
AU  - Kudlinski,A
AU  - Murray,RT
AU  - Schultz,SR
AU  - Foust,AJ
AU  - Runcorn,TH
DO  - 10.1364/BOE.563581
EP  - 2336
PY  - 2025///
SN  - 2156-7085
SP  - 2327
TI  - Two-photon microscopy using picosecond pulses from four-wave mixing in a Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber
T2  - Biomedical Optics Express
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.563581
VL  - 16
ER  -

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