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  • Book chapter
    Balogh A, Bykov A, Cargill P, Dendy R, de Wit TD, Raymond Jet al., 2014,

    Microphysics of Cosmic Plasmas: Background, Motivation and Objectives

    , MICROPHYSICS OF COSMIC PLASMAS, Editors: Balogh, Bykov, Cargill, Dendy, DeWit, Raymond, Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 1-4, ISBN: 978-1-4899-7412-9
  • Journal article
    Mushtaq S, Steers EBM, Pickering JC, Putyera Ket al., 2013,

    Selective and non-selective excitation/ionization processes in analytical glow discharges: excitation of the ionic spectra in argon/helium mixed plasmas

    , Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

    The increasing use of mixed gases, including helium mixtures, in glow discharge mass spectrometry has led to a need to understand the resulting signal enhancements due to changes in excitation and ionization processes. To understand more fully these processes in glow discharge, we have carried out complementary optical emission spectrometry experiments. The presence of added gases in the plasma gas can cause major changes in the number density of plasma gas ions and metastable atoms and so affects the intensities of spectral lines involving selective and non-selective excitation & ionization processes. We report the results of an experimental investigation on the effect of Ar/He mixed plasmas on the relative emission intensities of various analyte materials including copper, iron and titanium. Selective and non-selective excitation processes which are mainly dependent on the nature of the plasma gas and analyte material are observed and discussed.
  • Journal article
    Ruffoni MP, Allende Prieto C, Nave G, Pickering JCet al., 2013,

    INFRARED LABORATORY OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS OF Fe I IN THE <i>H</i>-BAND

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 779, ISSN: 0004-637X
  • Journal article
    Maruca BA, Bale SD, Sorriso-Valvo L, Kasper JC, Stevens MLet al., 2013,

    Collisional Thermalization of Hydrogen and Helium in Solar-Wind Plasma

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 0031-9007
  • Journal article
    Mozer FS, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, Chaston CC, Roth I, Wygant Jet al., 2013,

    Megavolt Parallel Potentials Arising from Double-Layer Streams in the Earth's Outer Radiation Belt

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 0031-9007
  • Conference paper
    Pickering JC, Ruffoni M, Liggins F, Thorne APet al., 2013,

    Accurate laboratory atomic and molecular data for astrophysics applications by high resolution Fourier transform spectrometry

    Accurate high resolution atomic and molecular data are required for interpretation of many astrophysical spectra. The Imperial College London laboratory astrophysics program using high resolution Fourier Transform spectrometry is described. © 2013 Optical Society of America.
  • Conference paper
    Fox C, Pickering JC, Beeby R, Murray JE, Last A, Green PDet al., 2013,

    Studies of the far IR water vapour continuum from CAVIAR and RHUBC campaigns using TAFTS

    We report results from the participation of the Imperial College TAFTS instrument in the CAVIAR and RHUBC field campaigns, validating a derived water vapor continuum parameterization in the far-IR spectral region. © OSA 2013.
  • Conference paper
    Fox C, Pickering JC, Beeby R, Murray JE, Last A, Green PDet al., 2013,

    Studies of the far IR water vapour continuum from CAVIAR and RHUBC campaigns using TAFTS

    We report results from the participation of the Imperial College TAFTS instrument in the CAVIAR and RHUBC field campaigns, validating a derived water vapor continuum parameterization in the far-IR spectral region. © OSA 2013.
  • Conference paper
    Fox C, Pickering JC, Beeby R, Murray JE, Last A, Green PDet al., 2013,

    Studies of the far IR water vapour continuum from CAVIAR and RHUBC campaigns using TAFTS

    We report results from the participation of the Imperial College TAFTS instrument in the CAVIAR and RHUBC field campaigns, validating a derived water vapor continuum parameterization in the far-IR spectral region. © OSA 2013.
  • Journal article
    Eastwood JP, Phan TD, Oieroset M, Shay MA, Malakit K, Swisdak M, Drake JF, Masters Aet al., 2013,

    Influence of asymmetries and guide fields on the magnetic reconnection diffusion region in collisionless space plasmas

    , PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION, Vol: 55, ISSN: 0741-3335
  • Journal article
    Masters A, Stawarz L, Fujimoto M, Schwartz SJ, Sergis N, Thomsen MF, Retino A, Hasegawa H, Zieger B, Lewis GR, Coates AJ, Canu P, Dougherty MKet al., 2013,

    <i>In situ</i> observations of high-Mach number collisionless shocks in space plasmas

    , PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION, Vol: 55, ISSN: 0741-3335
  • Journal article
    Mitchell JJ, Schwartz SJ, 2013,

    Nonlocal electron heating at the Earth's bow shock and the role of the magnetically tangent point

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 118, Pages: 7566-7575, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Pudney MA, Carr CM, Schwartz SJ, Howarth SIet al., 2013,

    Near-magnetic-field scaling for verification of spacecraft equipment

    , Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, Vol: 2, Pages: 249-255, ISSN: 2193-0864

    Magnetic-field measurements are essential tothe success of many scientific space missions. Outside ofthe earth’s magnetic field the biggest potential source ofmagnetic-field contamination of these measurements is emittedby the spacecraft. Spacecraft magnetic cleanliness is enforcedthrough the application of strict ground verificationrequirements for spacecraft equipment and instruments. Dueto increasingly strict AC magnetic-field requirements, manyspacecraft units cannot be verified on the ground using existingtechniques. These measurements must instead be takenclose to the equipment under test (EUT) and then extrapolated.A traditional dipole power law of −3 (with a fieldfall-off proportional to r−3) cannot be applied at these closedistances without risk of underestimating the field emitted bythe EUT, but we demonstrate that a power law of −2 is tooconservative. We propose a compromise that uses a powerlaw of −2 up to a distance equal to 3 times the unit size, beyondwhich a dipole power law can be applied. When extrapolatingfrom a distance of 0.20 m to 1.00 m from the centre ofa 0.20 m wide EUT, we demonstrate that this method avoidsan under prediction of the field, and is at least twice as accurateas performing the extrapolation with a fixed power lawof −2.
  • Journal article
    Wicks RT, Roberts DA, Mallet A, Schekochihin AA, Horbury TS, Chen CHKet al., 2013,

    Correlations at Large Scales and the Onset of Turbulence in the Fast Solar Wind

    , The Astrophysical Journal, Vol: 778, Pages: 177-177, ISSN: 0004-637X

    We show that the scaling of structure functions of magnetic and velocity fields in a mostly highly Alfvénic fast solar wind stream depends strongly on the joint distribution of the dimensionless measures of cross helicity and residual energy. Already at very low frequencies, fluctuations that are both more balanced (cross helicity ~0) and equipartitioned (residual energy ~0) have steep structure functions reminiscent of "turbulent" scalings usually associated with the inertial range. Fluctuations that are magnetically dominated (residual energy ~−1), and so have closely anti-aligned Elsasser-field vectors, or are imbalanced (cross helicity ~1), and so have closely aligned magnetic and velocity vectors, have wide "1/f" ranges typical of fast solar wind. We conclude that the strength of nonlinear interactions of individual fluctuations within a stream, diagnosed by the degree of correlation in direction and magnitude of magnetic and velocity fluctuations, determines the extent of the 1/f region observed, and thus the onset scale for the turbulent cascade.
  • Journal article
    Wygant JR, Bonnell JW, Goetz K, Ergun RE, Mozer FS, Bale SD, Ludlam M, Turin P, Harvey PR, Hochmann R, Harps K, Dalton G, McCauley J, Rachelson W, Gordon D, Donakowski B, Shultz C, Smith C, Diaz-Aguado M, Fischer J, Heavner S, Berg P, Malsapina DM, Bolton MK, Hudson M, Strangeway RJ, Baker DN, Li X, Albert J, Foster JC, Chaston CC, Mann I, Donovan E, Cully CM, Cattell CA, Krasnoselskikh V, Kersten K, Brenneman A, Tao JBet al., 2013,

    The Electric Field and Waves Instruments on the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission

    , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 179, Pages: 183-220, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Coustenis A, Atreya S, Castillo J, Coll P, Mueller-Wodarg I, Spilker Let al., 2013,

    Surfaces, atmospheres and magnetospheres of the outer planets and their satellites and ring systems: Part IX

    , PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE, Vol: 88, Pages: 1-2, ISSN: 0032-0633
  • Journal article
    Young PJ, Archibald AT, Bowman KW, Lamarque JF, Naik V, Stevenson DS, Tilmes S, Voulgarakis A, Wild O, Bergmann D, Cameron-Smith P, Cionni I, Collins WJ, Dalsøren SB, Doherty RM, Eyring V, Faluvegi G, Horowitz LW, Josse B, Lee YH, MacKenzie IA, Nagashima T, Plummer DA, Righi M, Rumbold ST, Skeie RB, Shindell DT, Strode SA, Sudo K, Szopa S, Zeng Get al., 2013,

    Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the atmospheric chemistry and climate model intercomparison project (ACCMIP) (Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2013) 13, (2063-2090))

    , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol: 13, Pages: 5401-5402, ISSN: 1680-7316
  • Journal article
    Alexandrova O, Bale SD, Lacombe C, 2013,

    Comment on "Evidence of a Cascade and Dissipation of Solar-Wind Turbulence at the Electron Gyroscale"

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 0031-9007
  • Book chapter
    Sibeck DG, Angelopoulos V, Brain DA, Delory GT, Eastwood JP, Farrell WM, Grimm RE, Halekas JS, Hasegawa H, Hellinger P, Khurana KK, Lillis RJ, Øieroset M, Phan TD, Raeder J, Russell CT, Schriver D, Slavin JA, Travnicek PM, Weygand JMet al., 2013,

    ARTEMIS science objectives

    , Artemis Mission, Pages: 27-59

    NASA's two spacecraft ARTEMIS mission will address both heliospheric and planetary research questions, first while in orbit about the Earth with the Moon and subsequently while in orbit about the Moon. Heliospheric topics include the structure of the Earth's magnetotail; reconnection, particle acceleration, and turbulence in the Earth's magnetosphere, at the bow shock, and in the solar wind; and the formation and structure of the lunar wake. Planetary topics include the lunar exosphere and its relationship to the composition of the lunar surface, the effects of electric fields on dust in the exosphere, internal structure of the Moon, and the lunar crustal magnetic field. This paper describes the expected contributions of ARTEMIS to these baseline scientific objectives.
  • Journal article
    Grasset O, Bunce EJ, Coustenis A, Dougherty MK, Erd C, Hussmann H, Jaumann R, Prieto-Ballesteros Oet al., 2013,

    Review of Exchange Processes on Ganymede in View of Its Planetary Protection Categorization

    , ASTROBIOLOGY, Vol: 13, Pages: 991-1004, ISSN: 1531-1074
  • Journal article
    Schwartz SJ, Zweibel EG, Goldman M, 2013,

    Microphysics in Astrophysical Plasmas

    , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 178, Pages: 81-99, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Heaviside C, Czaja A, 2013,

    Deconstructing the Hadley cell heat transport

    , QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 139, Pages: 2181-2189, ISSN: 0035-9009
  • Journal article
    Krasnoselskikh V, Balikhin M, Walker SN, Schwartz S, Sundkvist D, Lobzin V, Gedalin M, Bale SD, Mozer F, Soucek J, Hobara Y, Comisel Het al., 2013,

    The Dynamic Quasiperpendicular Shock: Cluster Discoveries

    , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 178, Pages: 535-598, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Balogh A, Bykov A, Cargill P, Dendy R, de Wit TD, Raymond Jet al., 2013,

    Microphysics of Cosmic Plasmas: Background, Motivation and Objectives

    , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 178, Pages: 77-80, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Wielicki BA, Young DF, Mlynczak MG, Thome KJ, Leroy S, Corliss J, Anderson JG, Ao CO, Bantges R, Best F, Bowman K, Brindley H, Butler JJ, Collins W, Dykema JA, Doelling DR, Feldman DR, Fox N, Huang X, Holz R, Huang Y, Jin Z, Jennings D, Johnson DG, Jucks K, Kato S, Kirk-Davidoff DB, Knuteson R, Kopp G, Kratz DP, Liu X, Lukashin C, Mannucci AJ, Phojanamongkolkij N, Pilewskie P, Ramaswam V, Revercomb YH, Rice J, Roberts Y, Roithmayr CM, Rose F, Sandford S, Shirley EL, Smith WL, Soden SB, Speth PW, Sun W, Taylor PC, Tobin D, Xiong Xet al., 2013,

    Achieving Climate Change Absolute Accuracy in Orbit

    , BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 94, Pages: 1519-1539, ISSN: 0003-0007
    • Cite
    • Citations: 221
  • Journal article
    Kirschke S, Bousquet P, Ciais P, Saunois M, Canadell JG, Dlugokencky EJ, Bergamaschi P, Bergmann D, Blake DR, Bruhwiler L, Cameron-Smith P, Castaldi S, Chevallier F, Feng L, Fraser A, Heimann M, Hodson EL, Houweling S, Josse B, Fraser PJ, Krummel PB, Lamarque J-F, Langenfelds RL, Le Quere C, Naik V, O'Doherty S, Palmer PI, Pison I, Plummer D, Poulter B, Prinn RG, Rigby M, Ringeval B, Santini M, Schmidt M, Shindell DT, Simpson IJ, Spahni R, Steele LP, Strode SA, Sudo K, Szopa S, van der Werf GR, Voulgarakis A, van Weele M, Weiss RF, Williams JE, Zeng Get al., 2013,

    Three decades of global methane sources and sinks

    , NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 6, Pages: 813-823, ISSN: 1752-0894
    • Cite
    • Citations: 1631
  • Journal article
    Ghavamian P, Schwartz SJ, Mitchell J, Masters A, Laming JMet al., 2013,

    Electron-Ion Temperature Equilibration in Collisionless Shocks: The Supernova Remnant-Solar Wind Connection

    , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 178, Pages: 633-663, ISSN: 0038-6308
    • Cite
    • Citations: 91
  • Journal article
    Phan TD, Shay MA, Gosling JT, Fujimoto M, Drake JF, Paschmann G, Oieroset M, Eastwood JP, Angelopoulos Vet al., 2013,

    Electron bulk heating in magnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause: Dependence on the inflow Alfven speed and magnetic shear

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 40, Pages: 4475-4480, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Conference paper
    Nave G, Sansonetti CJ, Pickering JC, Ruffoni M, Thorne AP, Liggins Fet al., 2013,

    Atomic data for iron-group elements of astrophysical interest

    , Pages: 27-31, ISSN: 0094-243X

    The joint project between NIST and Imperial College London to measure spectra of singly-ionized iron-group elements using Fourier transform and high-resolution grating spectroscopy is described. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
  • Journal article
    Graven HD, Keeling RF, Piper SC, Patra PK, Stephens BB, Wofsy SC, Welp LR, Sweeney C, Tans PP, Kelley JJ, Daube BC, Kort EA, Santoni GW, Bent JDet al., 2013,

    Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO<sub>2</sub> by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 341, Pages: 1085-1089, ISSN: 0036-8075
    • Cite
    • Citations: 323

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