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  • Journal article
    Nagy M, David K, Britovsek GJP, Ragauskas AJet al., 2009,

    Catalytic hydrogenolysis of ethanol organosolv lignin.

    , Holzforschung, Vol: 63, Pages: 513-520, ISSN: 0018-3830

    The prodn. of ethanol based on lignocellulosic materials will bring about the coprodn. of significant amts. of under-utilized lignin. This study examines the potential of conventional heterogeneous and novel homogeneous catalysts for the selective cleavage of the aryl-O-aryl and aryl-O-aliph. linkages of ethanol organosolv lignin to convert it from a low grade fuel to potential fuel precursors or other value added chems. The development of hydrogenolysis conditions that effectively increase the soly. of lignin were initially examd. with Ru(Cl)2(PPh3)3 and demonstrated the ability to decrease the mol. wt. and enhance the soly. of the lignin polymer. Later studies examd. several heterogeneous and homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts at optimized reaction conditions resulting in 96.4% soly. with Ru(Cl)2(PPh3)3, increase in H/C ratio with Raney-Ni, Pt/C and extensive monomer formation with NaBH4/I2. The changes in mol. structure of lignin were followed by size exclusion chromatog., qual. and quant. NMR spectroscopy and elemental anal. These studies demonstrated that aryl-O-aryl and aryl-O-aliph. linkages could be cleaved and the hydrogenated lignin had a decrease in oxygen functionality and the formation of products with lower oxygen content. [on SciFinder(R)]
  • Conference paper
    Nagy M, Britovsek GJP, Ragauskas AJ, 2008,

    Unleashing organosolv lignin for biofuels

    , ISSN: 0065-7727

    The development of cellulosic ethanol will result in the generation of significant amounts of under-utilized lignin. This research study examines the potential of conventional heterogeneous and novel homogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of ethanol organosolv lignin to biofuels. The development of hydrogenolysis conditions that effectively decrease the molecular weight of lignin were initially examined with a B-O-aryl ether lignin model compound. Hydrogenation studies with RhCl(PPh3)3 and Ru(Cl)2(PPh3)3 indicated that the B-O-aryl ether linkage could be cleaved. Applications to lignin demonstrated the ability to decrease the molecular weight and enhance its solubility. The changes in molecular structure of lignin were followed by NMR, GPC and MALDI. These studies demonstrated that the hydrogenated lignin had a decrease in oxygen functionality and the formation of products enriched in H/C. This presentation will summarize our studies at optimizing this reductive treatment to provide a novel route of converting lignin to a biofuel.
  • Conference paper
    Nagy M, Britovsek GJP, Ragauskas AJ, 2008,

    CATL 35-Unleashing organosolv lignin for biofuels

    , 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
  • Journal article
    Taylor RA, Law DJ, Sunley GJ, White AJP, Britovsek GJPet al., 2008,

    Hydrogen bonding directs the H2O2 oxidation of platinum(II) to a cis-dihydroxo platinum(IV) complex.

    , Chem Commun (Camb), Pages: 2800-2802, ISSN: 1359-7345

    The use of ligands with proximate hydrogen bonding substituents in the oxidation of platinum(II) dimethyl complexes with H2O2 leads to the exclusive formation of an unusual cis-dihydroxo platinum(IV) complex, which can dehydrate to form a trinuclear metalla-azacrown complex.
  • Journal article
    Taylor RA, Law DJ, Sunley GJ, White AJP, Britovsek GJPet al., 2008,

    Hydrogen bonding directs the H2O2 oxidation of platinum(II) to a cis-dihydroxo platinum(IV) complex

    , CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, Pages: 2800-2802, ISSN: 1359-7345
  • Journal article
    Hellstrom SL, Ugolotti J, Britovsek GJP, Jones TS, White AJPet al., 2008,

    The effect of fluorination on the luminescent behaviour of 8-hydroxyquinoline boron compounds.

    , New J. Chem., Vol: 32, Pages: 1379-1387, ISSN: 1144-0546

    B quinolinate compds. with different degrees of fluorination {Ph2BQ 1, (4-F-C6H4)2BQ 2 and (C6F5)2BQ 3 (Q is 8-quinolinate)} were prepd. and their electronic and luminescent behavior was studied in a variety of org. light emitting device structures. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed a decrease in ionization potential with the degree of fluorination. Electroluminescence (EL) measurements showed increasingly red shifted exciplex emission, originating from the different B compds. interacting with the hole transporting layer. In layered devices, the B compds. 1-3 are inferior in their EL performance compared to Al tris(8-quinolinoate) (AlQ3). However, when the B compds. 1, 2 or 3 are doped into a 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)diphenyl (CBP) host, emission solely attributable to 1-3 is obsd. In such devices, the B compds. 1 and 2 outperform AlQ3 as an emitter at low to moderate current densities. [on SciFinder(R)]
  • Journal article
    England J, Davies CR, Banaru M, White AJP, Britovsek GJPet al., 2008,

    Catalyst stability determines the catalytic activity of non-heme iron catalysts in the oxidation of alkanes.

    , Adv. Synth. Catal., Vol: 350, Pages: 883-897, ISSN: 1615-4150

    A series of iron(II) bis(triflate) complexes [Fe(L)(OTf)2] contg. linear tetradentate bis(pyridylmethyl)diamine ligands with a range of ligand backbones has been prepd. The backbone of the ligand series has been varied from a two-carbon linkage [ethylene (1), 4,5-dichlorophenylene (2) and cyclohexyl (3)] to a three-carbon [propyl (4)) and a four-carbon linkage (Bu (5)]. The coordination geometries of these complexes have been investigated in the solid state by X-ray crystallog. and in soln. by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. Due to the labile nature of high-spin iron(II) complexes in soln., dynamic equil. of complexes with different coordination geometries (cis-α, cis-β and trans) are obsd. with ligands 2-5. In these cases, the geometry obsd. in the solid state does not necessarily represent the only or even the major geometry present in soln. The ligand field strength in the various complexes has been investigated by variable temp. magnetic moment measurements and UV-vis spectroscopy. The strongest ligand field is obsd. with the most rigid ligands 1 and 2, which generate complexes [Fe(L)(OTf)2] with a cis-α coordination geometry and the corresponding complexes [Fe(L)(CH3CN)2]2+ display spin crossover behavior. The catalytic properties of the complexes for the oxidn. of cyclohexane, using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, have been investigated. An increased flexibility in the ligand results in a weaker ligand field, which increases the lability of the complexes. The activity and selectivity of the catalysts appear to be related to the strength of the ligand field and the stability of the catalyst in the oxidizing environment. [on SciFinder(R)]
  • Journal article
    England J, Britovsek GJP, Rabadia N, White AJPet al., 2007,

    Ligand topology variations and the importance of ligand field strength in non-heme iron catalyzed oxidations of alkanes

    , INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol: 46, Pages: 3752-3767, ISSN: 0020-1669
  • Journal article
    England J, Britovsek GJP, Rabadia N, White AJPet al., 2007,

    Ligand topology variations and the importance of ligand field strength in non-heme iron catalyzed oxidations of alkanes.

    , Inorg Chem, Vol: 46, Pages: 3752-3767, ISSN: 0020-1669

    A series of iron(II)-bis(triflate) complexes [Fe(L)(OTf)2] containing linear tetradentate bis(quinolyl)-diamine and bis(quinolylmethyl)-diamine ligands with a range of ligand backbones has been prepared. The coordination geometries of these complexes have been investigated in the solid state by X-ray crystallography and in solution by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. Because of the labile nature of high-spin iron(II) complexes in solution, dynamic equilibria of complexes with different coordination geometries (cis-alpha, cis-beta, and trans) are observed with certain ligand systems. In these cases, the geometry observed in the solid-state does not necessarily represent the only or even the major geometry present in solution. The ligand field strength in the various complexes has been investigated by variable-temperature (VT) magnetic moment measurements and by UV-vis spectroscopy. The strongest ligand field is observed with the most rigid ligand that generates [Fe(L)(OTf)2] complexes with a cis-alpha coordination geometry, and the corresponding [Fe(L)(CH3CN)2]2+ complex displays spin crossover behavior. The catalytic properties of the complexes for the oxidation of cyclohexane have been investigated using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. An increased flexibility in the ligand results in a weaker ligand field, which increases the lability of the complexes. The activity and selectivity of the catalysts appear to be related to the strength of the ligand field and the stability of the catalyst.
  • Journal article
    Ugolotti J, Hellstrom S, Britovsek GJP, Jones TS, Hunt P, White AJPet al., 2007,

    Synthesis and characterisation of luminescent fluorinated organoboron compounds.

    , Dalton Trans, Pages: 1425-1432, ISSN: 1477-9226

    The reaction of 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) with B(C(6)F(5))(3) leads to the formation of the zwitterionic compound (C(6)F(5))(3)BQH (1), involving a proton migration from O to N. Compound 1 can be converted thermally to (C(6)F(5))(2)BQ (2), which can also be prepared from (C(6)F(5))(2)BCl and HQ. The reaction of HQ with (C(6)F(5))B(OC(6)F(5))(2) generates initially (C(6)F(5))(OC(6)F(5))BQ (3), which easily hydrolyses to give the diboron compound ((C(6)F(5))BQ)(2)O (4). Compounds 1, 2 and 4 have been fully characterised, including X-ray analysis. The spectroscopic properties of these compounds, including photoluminescence (PL) have been investigated and compared with the non-fluorinated luminescent boron compound (C(6)H(5))(2)BQ and also with AlQ(3). The changes in luminescent behaviour upon fluorination of these boron quinolinate compounds have been rationalised using computational studies.
  • Journal article
    McTavish S, Britovsek GJP, Smit TM, Gibson VC, White AJP, Williams DJet al., 2007,

    Iron-based ethylene polymerization catalysts supported by bis(imino)pyridine ligands: Derivatization via deprotonation/alkylation at the ketimine methyl position.

    , J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., Vol: 261, Pages: 293-300, ISSN: 1381-1169

    Bis(imino)pyridine ligands, L [where L = 2,6-(ArNCR1)2C5H3N R1 = Et, iPr, CH2CH2Ph or CH(CH2Ph)2 and Ar = 2,4,6-(Me)3C6H2 (MES) or 2,6-(iPr)2C6H3 (DIPP)] have been prepd. by deprotonation of the parent ketimine ligand (R1 = Me) using lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), followed by alkylation with the appropriate alkylhalide. The corresponding iron dichloride complexes LFeCl2 are highly active ethylene polymn. catalysts upon treatment with methylaluminoxane (MAO), with activities in the range of 3000-18,000 g/mmol bar h. The mol. wts. (Mn) of the resultant polyethylenes lie in the range of 6500-24,000 with broad mol. wt. distributions (16.5-38.0). The nature of the imine carbon substituent has a marked effect on the polymer mol. wt. whereas the catalyst activity is largely unaffected by changes to this substituent. [on SciFinder(R)]
  • Journal article
    Ugolotti J, Hellstrom S, Britovsek GJP, Jones TS, Hunt P, White AJPet al., 2007,

    Synthesis and characterisation of luminescent fluorinated organoboron compounds

    , Dalton Trans., Pages: 1425-1432-1425-1432
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, England J, 2006,

    INOR 503-Non-heme iron catalysts for the oxidation of alkanes

    , ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 232, ISSN: 0065-7727
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, Taylor RA, 2006,

    INOR 901-H-bonding effects in alkane oxidation catalysis

    , ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 232, ISSN: 0065-7727
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, Taylor RA, Sunley GJ, Law DJ, White AJPet al., 2006,

    Protonation of platinum(II) dialkyl complexes containing ligands with proximate H-bonding substituents

    , ORGANOMETALLICS, Vol: 25, Pages: 2074-2079, ISSN: 0276-7333
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, England J, White AJP, 2006,

    Iron(II), manganese(II) and cobalt(II) complexes containing tetradentate biphenyl-bridged ligands and their application in alkane oxidation catalysis

    , DALTON TRANSACTIONS, Pages: 1399-1408, ISSN: 1477-9226
  • Journal article
    Arthur J Ragauskas, Charlotte K Williams, Brian H Davison, George Britovsek, John Cairney, Charles A Eckert, William J Frederick Jr, Jason P Hallett, David J Leak, Charles L Liotta, Jonathan R Mielenz, Richard Murphy, Richard Templer, Timothy Tschaplinskyet al., 2006,

    The Path Forward for Biofuels and Biomaterials

    , Science, Pages: 484-489
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, Ugolotti J, Hunt P, White AJPet al., 2006,

    Lewis and Bronsted multifunctionality: an unusual heterocycle from the reaction of bis(pentafluorophenyl)borinic acid with nitriles

    , Chem. Commun., Pages: 1295-1297-1295-1297

    The combination of Lewis and Bronsted acidity as well as Lewis basicity in (CF)BOH results in a remarkable reactivity towards organonitriles to give novel heterocyclic compounds containing a BOBOCN six-membered ring.
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, England J, White AJP, 2005,

    Non-heme lron(II) complexes containing tripodal tetradentate nitrogen ligands and their application in alkane oxidation catalysis

    , INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol: 44, Pages: 8125-8134, ISSN: 0020-1669
  • Conference paper
    Britovsek GJP, England J, 2005,

    Non-heme iron(II) complexes as catalysts for the oxidation of alkanes

    , 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, Pages: U2230-U2230, ISSN: 0065-7727
  • Conference paper
    Britovsek GJP, Ugolotti J, 2005,

    Monodentate and bidentate organoboron Lewis acids

    , 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, Pages: U2219-U2219, ISSN: 0065-7727
  • Journal article
    van Meurs M, Britovsek GJP, Gibson VC, Cohen SAet al., 2005,

    Polyethylene chain growth on zinc catalyzed by olefin polymerization catalysts: A comparative investigation of highly active catalyst systems across the transition series

    , JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 127, Pages: 9913-9923, ISSN: 0002-7863
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, Ugolotti J, White AJP, 2005,

    From B(C6F5)(3) to B(OC6F5)(3): Synthesis of (C6F5)(2)BOC6F5 and C6F5B(OC6F5)(2) and their relative lewis acidity

    , ORGANOMETALLICS, Vol: 24, Pages: 1685-1691, ISSN: 0276-7333
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, England J, Spitzmesser SK, White AJP, Williams DJet al., 2005,

    Synthesis of iron(II), manganese(II), cobalt(II) and ruthenium(II) complexes containing tridentate nitrogen ligands and their application in the catalytic oxidation of alkanes

    , DALTON TRANSACTIONS, Pages: 945-955, ISSN: 1477-9226
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, Cohen SA, Gibson VC, van Meurs Met al., 2004,

    Iron catalyzed polyethylene chain growth on zinc: a study of the factors delineating chain transfer versus catalyzed chain growth in zinc and related metal alkyl systems

    , Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol: 126, Pages: 10701-10712, ISSN: 0002-7863
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, Cohen SA, Gibson VC, van Meurs Met al., 2004,

    Iron catalyzed polyethylene chain growth on zinc: a study of the factors delineating chain transfer versus catalyzed chain growth in zinc and related metal alkyl systems

    , Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol: 126, Pages: 10701-10712, ISSN: 0002-7863
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, Woo GYY, Assavathorn N, 2003,

    Synthesis and reactivity of water-soluble platinum(II) complexes containing nitrogen ligands

    , JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Vol: 679, Pages: 110-115, ISSN: 0022-328X
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, Gibson VC, Hoarau OD, Spitzmesser SK, White AJP, Williams DJet al., 2003,

    Iron and cobalt ethylene polymerization catalysts: Variations on the central donor

    , INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol: 42, Pages: 3454-3465, ISSN: 0020-1669
  • Journal article
    Britovsek GJP, Baugh SPD, Hoarau O, Gibson VC, Wass DF, White AJP, Williams DJet al., 2003,

    The role of bulky substituents in the polymerization of ethylene using late transition metal catalysts: a comparative study of nickel and iron catalyst systems

    , INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA, Vol: 345, Pages: 279-291, ISSN: 0020-1693
  • Patent
    Britovsek GJP, Cohen SA, Gibson VC, 2003,

    Chain growth reaction process

    , WO03014046

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