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Journal articleLamberte LE, Darby EM, Kiu R, et al., 2025,
<i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i> is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes in the preterm infant gut
, GUT MICROBES, Vol: 17, ISSN: 1949-0976 -
Journal articleBooth G, Hadjichrysanthou C, Rice KL, et al., 2025,
Preventing SARS-CoV-2 superspreading events with antiviral intranasal sprays
, JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY, Vol: 615, ISSN: 0022-5193 -
Journal articleMicheroli R, Bhatia S, Vallejo-Yaguee E, et al., 2025,
Obesity Represents a Persisting Health Issue in Axial Spondyloarthritis, Particularly Affecting Socially Disadvantaged Patients
, JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY, Vol: 50, Pages: 1587-1593, ISSN: 0315-162X -
Journal articleHicks J, Cracknell Daniels B, Maddren R, et al., 2025,
Supporting LGBTQ+ epidemiologists in the UK during research-related travel and international collaboration
, Epidemics, Vol: 53, ISSN: 1755-4365Conferences, fieldwork, international positions, and collaborations with international partners are beneficial to any epidemiologist, strengthening relationships with fellow scientists, policymakers, health professionals, and those affected by the studied disease. However, international working can pose unique challenges for minority groups. In the UK, LGBTQ+ scientists have a degree of legal protection against discrimination, and universities often have LGBTQ+ staff-student networks that provide support. By contrast, international work can present barriers that non-LGTBQ+ colleagues may not be aware of, such as stress when travelling to countries with anti-LGBTQ+ laws, policies, or sentiments. Homophobic, biphobic, and transphobic beliefs, policies, and actions fluctuate over time, but persist or are on the rise in many locations across the world, including high-income countries. Without institutional support, work-related travel can present a cognitive burden, threatening both physical safety and mental well-being of LGBTQ+ researchers. At Imperial College London, we have worked to address these challenges by developing resources and training for LGBTQ+ staff, students and allies. We developed an initiative including the creation of online written resources, integration of these materials into travel safety protocols, and a partnership with a LGBTQ+ mental health organization to offer in-person training. We present our experience developing these resources, describe feedback of training participants, and discuss strategies for institutions to develop their own support resources, fostering greater equity in the research experience for individuals of all identities.
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Journal articleDawkins MS, Ellwood S, Roberts S, et al., 2025,
The benefits of smart farming: broiler chicken welfare is indicated earlier and more accurately with automated measurements of flock behaviour
, SMART AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 12 -
Journal articleLeng T, Whittles LK, Nikitin D, et al., 2025,
Publisher Correction: Modeling gonorrhea vaccination to find optimal targeting strategies that balance impact with cost-effectiveness.
, NPJ Vaccines, Vol: 10 -
Journal articleBosetti P, Peckeu-Abboud L, Andrianasolo RM, et al., 2025,
Modelling the impact of a quadrivalent ACWY meningococcal vaccination and vaccination targeting serogroup B in France
, VACCINE, Vol: 67, ISSN: 0264-410X -
Journal articleSilhol R, Booton R, Mitchell K, et al., 2025,
Identifying priority populations for HIV interventions using acquisition and transmission indicators: a combined analysis of 15 mathematical models from 10 African countries
, The Lancet HIV, ISSN: 2352-3018Background. Characterising disparities in HIV infection across populations by gender, age, and HIV risk is key information to guide intervention priorities. We aimed to assess how indicators measuring HIV acquisitions, transmissions, or potential long-term infections influence estimates of the contribution of different populations to new infections, including key populations (KPs, including female sex workers (FSW), their clients, men who have sex with men).Methods. Using 9 models representing 15 different settings across Africa, we evaluated four indicators: I1) acquisition indicator measuring the annual fraction of all new infections acquired by a specific population, I2) direct transmission indicator measuring the annual fraction of all new infections directly transmitted by a specific population, I3) 1-year and I4) 10-year transmission population-attributable fractions (tPAFs). tPAFs measure the fraction of new infections averted if transmission involving a specific population was blocked over a specific time period. We compared estimates of the four indicators across 7 populations and 15 settings and assessed if the contribution of specific populations is ranked differently across indicators for 10 settings.Findings. Indicators identified distinct priority populations as the largest contributors: The acquisition indicator (I1) identified women aged 25+ years outside KPs as contributing the most to acquired infections in 8/10 settings in 2020, but to direct transmissions (I2) in only two settings. In 6/10 settings, the 10-year tPAFs (I4) identified non-KP men aged 25+ years and clients of FSW as the largest contributors to HIV transmission. Notably, non-KP women aged 15-24 years acquired (I1) more infections in 2020 (median of 1·7-fold across models) than they directly transmitted (I2), while non-KP men aged 25+ years and clients of FSWs transmitted more infections than they acquired in all but one model (median: 1·4 and 1·6-fold, respective
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Journal articleWilliams LR, Voysey M, Pollard AJ, et al., 2025,
A statistical method for evaluating vaccine-induced immune correlates of protection against infection and disease progression: application to the ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19 phase 3 trial
, Vaccine, Vol: 67, ISSN: 0264-410XBackground: Correlates of protection (CoPs), defined as immune markers statistically correlated with vaccine efficacy (VE), can be used to accelerate vaccine development. Different components of the immune response may be important for protection against infection and against progression from asymptomatic infection to symptomatic or severe disease. However, CoPs are typically evaluated for these outcomes separately, which can lead to some CoPs not being identified. We propose a novel statistical framework for the integrated evaluation of CoPs for infections with multiple potential outcomes.Methods: We developed a model of the natural history of an infection that can identify CoPs at each stage of infection and disease progression and implemented this model in a Bayesian estimation framework. We validated the model on simulated data then applied it to individual-level clinical and serum neutralising and binding antibody data from COV002 (NCT04400838), a phase II/III trial of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine. We explored logistic and non-parametric (cubic spline) relationships between VE and the candidate CoPs.Results: Both parametric and non-parametric forms of the model accurately estimated the relationships between the immune CoP and VE against infection (VEin) and against progression to symptoms given infection (VEpr) in 1000 simulated trial datasets. In the COV002 correlates subset (2227 participants, 5315 samples), SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG was positively associated with both VEin and VEpr (average proportion of VE mediated by spike specific IgG, 27 % (95 % CI 2–88 %) for VEin and 41 % (95 % CI 0–96 %) for VEpr). Pseudoneutralisation antibody titres and receptor binding domain (RBD) specific serum IgG showed similar correlations.Conclusion: Integrated analysis of multiple disease outcomes and candidate CoPs enables the identification of CoPs that operate at different stages of disease progression, which are missed when evaluating outcomes se
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Journal articleParag K, Lambert B, Donnelly CA, et al., 2025,
Asymmetric limits on timely interventions from noisy epidemic data
, Communications Physics, ISSN: 2399-3650Deciding on when to initiate or relax an intervention in response to an emerging infectious disease is both difficult and important. Uncertainties from noise in epidemiological surveillance data must be hedged against the potentially unknown and variable costs of false alarms anddelayed actions. Here we clarify and quantify how case under-reporting and latencies in case ascertainment, which are predominant surveillance noise sources, can restrict the timeliness of decision-making. Decisions are modelled as binary choices between responding or not that are informed by reported case curves or transmissibility estimates from those curves. Optimal responses are triggered by thresholds on case numbers or estimate confidence levels, with thresholds set by the costs of the various choices. We show that, for growing epidemics, both noise sources induce additive delays on hitting any case-based thresholds and multiplicative reductions in our confidence in estimated reproduction numbers or growth rates. However, for declining epidemics, these noise sources have counteracting effects on case data and limited cumulative impact on transmissibility estimates. We find this asymmetry persists even if more sophisticated feedback control algorithms that consider the longer-term effects of interventions are employed. Standard surveillance data therefore provide substantially weaker support for deciding when to initiate a control action or intervention than for determining when to relax it.This information bottleneck during epidemic growth may justify proactive intervention choices.
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