BibTex format
@article{Holden:2009:10.1371/journal.pone.0006072,
author = {Holden, MTG and Hauser, H and Sanders, M and Thi, HN and Cherevach, I and Cronin, A and Goodhead, I and Mungall, K and Quail, MA and Price, C and Rabbinowitsch, E and Sharp, S and Croucher, NJ and Tran, BC and Nguyen, THM and To, SD and Nguyen, TC and Kehoe, M and Leigh, JA and Ward, PN and Dowson, CG and Whatmore, AM and Chanter, N and Iversen, P and Gottschalk, M and Slater, JD and Smith, HE and Spratt, BG and Xu, J and Ye, C and Bentley, S and Barrell, BG and Schultsz, C and Maskell, DJ and Parkhill, J},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0006072},
journal = {PLOS One},
title = {Rapid Evolution of Virulence and Drug Resistance in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006072},
volume = {4},
year = {2009}
}
RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)
TY - JOUR
AB - Background: Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that infects pigs and can occasionally cause serious infections inhumans. S. suis infections occur sporadically in human Europe and North America, but a recent major outbreak has beendescribed in China with high levels of mortality. The mechanisms of S. suis pathogenesis in humans and pigs are poorlyunderstood.Methodology/Principal Findings: The sequencing of whole genomes of S. suis isolates provides opportunities toinvestigate the genetic basis of infection. Here we describe whole genome sequences of three S. suis strains from the samelineage: one from European pigs, and two from human cases from China and Vietnam. Comparative genomic analysis wasused to investigate the variability of these strains. S. suis is phylogenetically distinct from other Streptococcus species forwhich genome sequences are currently available. Accordingly, ,40% of the ,2 Mb genome is unique in comparison toother Streptococcus species. Finer genomic comparisons within the species showed a high level of sequence conservation;virtually all of the genome is common to the S. suis strains. The only exceptions are three ,90 kb regions, present in the twoisolates from humans, composed of integrative conjugative elements and transposons. Carried in these regions are codingsequences associated with drug resistance. In addition, small-scale sequence variation has generated pseudogenes inputative virulence and colonization factors.Conclusions/Significance: The genomic inventories of genetically related S. suis strains, isolated from distinct hosts anddiseases, exhibit high levels of conservation. However, the genomes provide evidence that horizontal gene transfer hascontributed to the evolution of drug resistance.
AU - Holden,MTG
AU - Hauser,H
AU - Sanders,M
AU - Thi,HN
AU - Cherevach,I
AU - Cronin,A
AU - Goodhead,I
AU - Mungall,K
AU - Quail,MA
AU - Price,C
AU - Rabbinowitsch,E
AU - Sharp,S
AU - Croucher,NJ
AU - Tran,BC
AU - Nguyen,THM
AU - To,SD
AU - Nguyen,TC
AU - Kehoe,M
AU - Leigh,JA
AU - Ward,PN
AU - Dowson,CG
AU - Whatmore,AM
AU - Chanter,N
AU - Iversen,P
AU - Gottschalk,M
AU - Slater,JD
AU - Smith,HE
AU - Spratt,BG
AU - Xu,J
AU - Ye,C
AU - Bentley,S
AU - Barrell,BG
AU - Schultsz,C
AU - Maskell,DJ
AU - Parkhill,J
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0006072
PY - 2009///
SN - 1932-6203
TI - Rapid Evolution of Virulence and Drug Resistance in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis
T2 - PLOS One
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006072
VL - 4
ER -