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Book chapterWoodroffe R, Donnelly CA, 2018,
European badgers and the control of bovine tuberculosis in the United Kingdom
, Biology and Conservation of Musteloids, Pages: 410-419The European badger has become infamous because of its incompletely understood role in the spread of bovive tuberculosis to cattle, despite in actuality being directly implicated in only 5.7% of herd breakdowns. Randomised Badger culling trial data suggest that badger culling could make only a limited contribution to TB eradication in Britain. Surviving badgers in both proactive and reactive culling areas immigrate into the surrounding area, which generally worsens the rate of cattle herd breakdowns by around 25% in these areas. While badger vaccination appears promising as a potential TB control tool, there is not yet sufficient evidence to judge its effectiveness. Free shooting of badgers has proven less effective than hoped, failing to reach cull targets. Furthermore, instances of badger suffering have been reported. Consequently, controlling TB through badger management remains technically, ethically and politically challenging and alternative approaches directed at cattle are likely to be more effective.
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Working paperO'Driscoll M, Imai N, Ferguson N, et al., 2018,
Spatiotemporal variability in dengue transmission intensity in Jakarta, Indonesia.
, Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene -
Journal articleSmith MK, Jewell BL, Hallett TB, et al., 2018,
Treatment of HIV for the Prevention of Transmission in Discordant Couples and at the Population Level
, HIV VACCINES AND CURE: THE PATH TOWARDS FINDING AN EFFECTIVE CURE AND VACCINE, Vol: 1075, Pages: 125-162, ISSN: 0065-2598 -
Journal articleYaesoubi R, Trotter C, Colijn C, et al., 2018,
The cost-effectiveness of alternative vaccination strategies for polyvalent meningococcal vaccines in Burkina Faso: A transmission dynamic modeling study
, PLOS MEDICINE, Vol: 15, ISSN: 1549-1676- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 14
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Journal articleNagraj VP, Randhawa N, Campbell F, et al., 2018,
epicontacts: Handling, visualisation and analysis of epidemiological contacts.
, F1000Research, Vol: 7, ISSN: 2046-1402Epidemiological outbreak data is often captured in line list and contact format to facilitate contact tracing for outbreak control. <i>epicontacts</i> is an R package that provides a unique data structure for combining these data into a single object in order to facilitate more efficient visualisation and analysis. The package incorporates interactive visualisation functionality as well as network analysis techniques. Originally developed as part of the Hackout3 event, it is now developed, maintained and featured as part of the R Epidemics Consortium (RECON). The package is available for download from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) and GitHub.
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Journal articleWymant C, Blanquart F, Golubchik T, et al., 2018,
Easy and accurate reconstruction of whole HIV genomes from short-read sequence data with shiver
, Virus Evolution, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2057-1577Studying the evolution of viruses and their molecular epidemiology relies on accurate viral sequence data, so that small differences between similar viruses can be meaningfully interpreted. Despite its higher throughput and more detailed minority variant data, next-generation sequencing has yet to be widely adopted for HIV. The difficulty of accurately reconstructing the consensus sequence of a quasispecies from reads (short fragments of DNA) in the presence of large between- and within-host diversity, including frequent indels, may have presented a barrier. In particular, mapping (aligning) reads to a reference sequence leads to biased loss of information; this bias can distort epidemiological and evolutionary conclusions. De novo assembly avoids this bias by aligning the reads to themselves, producing a set of sequences called contigs. However contigs provide only a partial summary of the reads, misassembly may result in their having an incorrect structure, and no information is available at parts of the genome where contigs could not be assembled. To address these problems we developed the tool shiver to pre-process reads for quality and contamination, then map them to a reference tailored to the sample using corrected contigs supplemented with the user's choice of existing reference sequences. Run with two commands per sample, it can easily be used for large heterogeneous data sets. We used shiver to reconstruct the consensus sequence and minority variant information from paired-end short-read whole-genome data produced with the Illumina platform, for sixty-five existing publicly available samples and fifty new samples. We show the systematic superiority of mapping to shiver's constructed reference compared with mapping the same reads to the closest of 3,249 real references: median values of 13 bases called differently and more accurately, 0 bases called differently and less accurately, and 205 bases of missing sequence recovered. We also successfully applied sh
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Journal articleHaw DJ, Hogan J, 2018,
A dynamical systems model of unorganized segregation
, JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLOGY, Vol: 42, Pages: 113-127, ISSN: 0022-250X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 4
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Conference paperThindwa D, Walker P, Terlouw A, et al., 2018,
MODELLING THE POTENTIAL IMPACT ON SPREAD OF ARTEMISININ AND PARTNER-DRUG RESISTANCE OF INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE THERAPY OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY
, 67th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTHM), Publisher: AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE, Pages: 340-340, ISSN: 0002-9637 -
Book chapterBundy DAP, Appleby LJ, Bradley M, et al., 2018,
100 Years of Mass Deworming Programmes: A Policy Perspective From the World Bank's <i>Disease Control Priorities Analyses</i>
, ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY, VOL 100, Editors: Rollinson, Stothard, Publisher: ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC, Pages: 127-154- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 17
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Book chapterWatson OJ, Routledge I, Griffin JT, et al., 2018,
Predictive Malaria Epidemiology, Models of Malaria Control Interventions and Elimination
, Encyclopedia of Malaria, Publisher: Springer New York, Pages: 1-7, ISBN: 9781461487579
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