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  • Journal article
    Cegla J, Troke RC, Jones B, Tharakan G, Kenkre J, McCullough KA, Lim CT, Parvizi N, Hussein M, Chambers ES, Minnion J, Cuenco J, Ghatei MA, Meeran K, Tan TM, Bloom SRet al., 2014,

    Coinfusion of low-dose GLP-1 and glucagon in man results in a reduction in food intake

    , Diabetes, Vol: 63, Pages: 3711-3720, ISSN: 0012-1797

    Obesity is a growing epidemic, and current medical therapies have proven inadequate. Endogenous satiety hormones provide an attractive target for the development of drugs that aim to cause effective weight loss with minimal side effects. Both glucagon and GLP-1 reduce appetite and cause weight loss. Additionally, glucagon increases energy expenditure. We hypothesized that the combination of both peptides, administered at doses that are individually subanorectic, would reduce appetite, while GLP-1 would protect against the hyperglycemic effect of glucagon. In this double-blind crossover study, subanorectic doses of each peptide alone, both peptides in combination, or placebo was infused into 13 human volunteers for 120 min. An ad libitum meal was provided after 90 min, and calorie intake determined. Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry at baseline and during infusion. Glucagon or GLP-1, given individually at subanorectic doses, did not significantly reduce food intake. Coinfusion at the same doses led to a significant reduction in food intake of 13%. Furthermore, the addition of GLP-1 protected against glucagon-induced hyperglycemia, and an increase in energy expenditure of 53 kcal/day was seen on coinfusion. These observations support the concept of GLP-1 and glucagon dual agonism as a possible treatment for obesity and diabetes.
  • Journal article
    Tan TM, Salem V, Troke RC, Alsafi A, Field BCT, De Silva A, Misra S, Baynes KCR, Donaldson M, Minnion J, Ghatei MA, Godsland IF, Bloom SRet al., 2014,

    Combination of peptide YY3-36 with GLP-1(7-36) amide causes an increase in first-phase insulin secretion after IV glucose

    , Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol: 99, Pages: E2317-E2324, ISSN: 0021-972X

    Context: The combination of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been proposed as a potential treatment for diabetes and obesity. However, the combined effects of these hormones, PYY3–36 and GLP-17–36 amide, on glucose homeostasis are unknown.Objective: This study sought to investigate the acute effects of PYY3–36 and GLP-17–36 amide, individually and in combination, on insulin secretion and sensitivity.Setting and Design: Using a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) and minimal modeling, this study measured the effects of PYY3–36 alone, GLP-17–36 amide alone, and a combination of PYY3–36 and GLP-17–36 amide on acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and insulin sensitivity index (SI) in 14 overweight human volunteers, studied in a clinical research facility.Results: PYY3–36 alone caused a small but nonsignificant increase in AIRg. GLP-17–36 amide alone and the combination of PYY3–36 and GLP-17–36 amide did increase AIRg significantly. No significant differences in SI were observed with any intervention.Conclusions: PYY3–36 lacks any significant acute effects on first-phase insulin secretion or SI when tested using an FSIVGTT. Both GLP-17–36 amide alone and the combination of PYY3–36 and GLP-17–36 amide increase first-phase insulin secretion. There does not seem to be any additive or synergistic effect between PYY3–36 and GLP-17–36 amide on first-phase insulin secretion. Neither hormone alone nor the combination had any significant effects on SI.
  • Journal article
    Pasquali L, Gaulton KJ, Rodriguez-Segui SA, Mularoni L, Miguel-Escalada I, Akerman I, Tena JJ, Moran I, Gomez-Marin C, van de Bunt M, Ponsa-Cobas J, Castro N, Nammo T, Cebola I, Garcia-Hurtado J, Angel Maestro M, Pattou F, Piemonti L, Berney T, Gloyn AL, Ravassard P, Luis Gomez-Skarmeta J, Mueller F, McCarthy MI, Ferrer Jet al., 2014,

    Pancreatic islet enhancer clusters enriched in type 2 diabetes risk-associated variants

    , Nature Genetics, Vol: 46, Pages: 136-+, ISSN: 1546-1718

    Type 2 diabetes affects over 300 million people, causing severe complications and premature death, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Pancreatic islet dysfunction is central in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis, and understanding islet genome regulation could therefore provide valuable mechanistic insights. We have now mapped and examined the function of human islet cis-regulatory networks. We identify genomic sequences that are targeted by islet transcription factors to drive islet-specific gene activity and show that most such sequences reside in clusters of enhancers that form physical three-dimensional chromatin domains. We find that sequence variants associated with type 2 diabetes and fasting glycemia are enriched in these clustered islet enhancers and identify trait-associated variants that disrupt DNA binding and islet enhancer activity. Our studies illustrate how islet transcription factors interact functionally with the epigenome and provide systematic evidence that the dysregulation of islet enhancers is relevant to the mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes.
  • Journal article
    van der Harst P, Zhang W, Leach IM, Rendon A, Verweij N, Sehmi J, Paul DS, Elling U, Allayee H, Li X, Radhakrishnan A, Tan S-T, Voss K, Weichenberger CX, Albers CA, Al-Hussani A, Asselbergs FW, Ciullo M, Danjou F, Dina C, Esko T, Evans DM, Franke L, Goegele M, Hartiala J, Hersch M, Holm H, Hottenga J-J, Kanoni S, Kleber ME, Lagou V, Langenberg C, Lopez LM, Lyytikainen L-P, Melander O, Murgia F, Nolte IM, O'Reilly PF, Padmanabhan S, Parsa A, Pirastu N, Porcu E, Portas L, Prokopenko I, Ried JS, Shin S-Y, Tang CS, Teumer A, Traglia M, Ulivi S, Westra H-J, Yang J, Zhao JH, Anni F, Abdellaoui A, Attwood A, Balkau B, Bandinelli S, Bastardot F, Benyamin B, Boehm BO, Cookson WO, Das D, de Bakker PIW, de Boer RA, de Geus EJC, de Moor MH, Dimitriou M, Domingues FS, Doering A, Engstrom G, Eyjolfsson GI, Ferrucci L, Fischer K, Galanello R, Garner SF, Genser B, Gibson QD, Girotto G, Gudbjartsson DF, Harris SE, Hartikainen A-L, Hastie CE, Hedblad B, Illig T, Jolley J, Kahonen M, Kema IP, Kemp JP, Liang L, Lloyd-Jones H, Loos RJF, Meacham S, Medland SE, Meisinger C, Memari Y, Mihailov E, Miller K, Moffatt MF, Nauck M, Novatchkova M, Nutile T, Olafsson I, Onundarson PT, Parracciani D, Penninx BW, Perseu L, Piga A, Pistis G, Pouta A, Puc U, Raitakari O, Ring SM, Robino A, Ruggiero D, Ruokonen A, Saint-Pierre A, Sala C, Salumets A, Sambrook J, Schepers H, Schmidt CO, Sillje HHW, Sladek R, Smit JH, Starr JM, Stephens J, Sulem P, Tanaka T, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tragante V, van Gilst WH, van Pelt LJ, van Veldhuisen DJ, Voelker U, Whitfield JB, Willemsen G, Winkelmann BR, Wirnsberger G, Algra A, Cucca F, d'Adamo AP, Danesh J, Deary IJ, Dominiczak AF, Elliott P, Fortina P, Froguel P, Gasparini P, Greinacher A, Hazen SL, Jarvelin M-R, Khaw KT, Lehtimaki T, Maerz W, Martin NG, Metspalu A, Mitchell BD, Montgomery GW, Moore C, Navis G, Pirastu M, Pramstaller PP, Ramirez-Solis R, Schadt E, Scott J, Shuldiner AR, Smith GD, Smith JG, Snieder H, Sorice R, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Stumvoll M, Tanget al., 2012,

    Seventy-five genetic loci influencing the human red blood cell

    , NATURE, Vol: 492, Pages: 369-+, ISSN: 0028-0836
  • Journal article
    Ichimura A, Hirasawa A, Poulain-Godefroy O, Bonnefond A, Hara T, Yengo L, Kimura I, Leloire A, Liu N, Iida K, Choquet H, Besnard P, Lecoeur C, Vivequin S, Ayukawa K, Takeuchi M, Ozawa K, Tauber M, Maffeis C, Morandi A, Buzzetti R, Elliott P, Pouta A, Jarvelin M-R, Koerner A, Kiess W, Pigeyre M, Caiazzo R, Van Hul W, Van Gaal L, Horber F, Balkau B, Levy-Marchal C, Rouskas K, Kouvatsi A, Hebebrand J, Hinney A, Scherag A, Pattou F, Meyre D, Koshimizu T-A, Wolowczuk I, Tsujimoto G, Froguel Pet al., 2012,

    Dysfunction of lipid sensor GPR120 leads to obesity in both mouse and human

    , NATURE, Vol: 483, Pages: 350-U149, ISSN: 0028-0836

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